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OCpX

THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA,

INCLUDING

CEYLON AND BURMA.

Published under the avthohity of the Secretary of
State for India in Council.

edited by lt.-col. c. t. bingham.

b^a.^^^OVcL.\V;PV^c.

•w-

\M

EHYNCHOTA. -Vol. IV.

HOMOPTERA and APPENDIX (Pt.).

BY

MAR 1 1 1987

\ L. DISTANT.

C

'crn ^ 1 1

'^ ^'4r/0KJiL

LONDON:
TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

CALCUTTA AND SIMLA :
THACKEE, SPINK, & CO.

BUEMA :

MYLES 8TANDISH & CO.,
RANGOON.

BOMBAY:
THACKER & CO., LIMITED.

BERLIN :

R. PRIEDLANDER & SOHN-,
U CARLSTRASSE.

1908.

ALEBE I FItlMMAM,

PRINTI'D BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
lli;i> I, ION COURT, FLI'.r.T STREHT.

PREFACE.

This the fourth volume of the Rhynchota in the ' Fauna
of British India' series deals with the Membracidse, Cer-
copidae, and Jassidse, the last a most obscure family of
Homoptera, and the Appendix (which has been commenced)
includes such species of the Pentatomidae,, Coreidse, and
Bervtidse as have been added to the Indian Fauna since
the publication in 1902 of Vol. I. of the Rhynchota.

The arrangement and classification of the Indian Jassidse
has been a most arduous task, as so little pioneer work had
been done heretofore in this obscure group. It is hoped,
however, that the arrangement adopted, though it may here-
after be subjected to revision, will fulfil the primary object
to which all the volumes of the 'Fauna of British India'
series are directed, viz. that of enabling students of Natural
History in India to recognize and identify the forms of
animal life they meet with iu the course of their collecting.

C. T. BINGHAM.

London,
July 1908.

^ PART I. PRICE 10s. ^ *

THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA,

INCLUBINa

CEYLON AND BURMA.

Published vyoER tse avtrosity of the Secsetaey of
State for India in Council.

edited b¥ lt.-col. c. t. bingh4m.

RHYNCHOTA-Vol. IV.

(HOMOPTERA)

BY

AV. L, DISTANT.

LONDON:

TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

CALCUTTA AND SIMLA :
THACKKH, BPINK, & CO.

BURMA :

MYLBS STAXDISH & CO.,
RANGOON.

BOMBAY :
THACKER & CO.. LIMITED.

BERLIN :

R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHX,
U CARL.STRASSE.

[All Rights Reserved.] w

THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA,

INCLUDING

CEYLON AND BURMA.

Published under the axjtsoritt of tss Secretary of
State for India in Council.

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LONDON:
TAYI.OR AND FRAJSICIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA,

INCLUDING

CEYLON AND BUllMA.

Published under the auteofity of the Secretaei' of
State foe India in Co uncil.

ebitkb by lt.-col. c. t. bingham.

RHYNGHOTA.-Vol. IV.

(HOMOPTERA)

BY

W. L. DISTANT.

■%

y

^' ^^- *4rML^€^

LONDON:

TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

CALCUTTA AND SIMLA:
TIIACKEK, SPINK, & CO.

BURMA :

MYLES STANDISH & CO..
RANGOON.

BOMBAY:
THAGKER & CO., LIMITED.

BERLIN :

R. FRIEDLANDBK & SOHN,
11 CARLSTRASSE.

1907.

PRINTED r>Y TAYLOK A V 7) FKA^CIS,
UEl) LION C'OUKT, IT.EET STIiEET.

PREFACE TO VOL. IV., FART I.

Owing to the necessity of examining material that at present
is contained only in one or other of tlie Muscnms on the
Continent, there is likely to be some delay in completing the
present volume, which deals with some obscure and little-
known families of Rhynchota. On this account it has been
considered advisable to publish the volume in two j)arts.
Part I. gives an account of the Homopterous families
Membracidic and Cercopidse, and four subfamilies of the
Jassidre. Part II. will contain the remaining subfamilies of
the Jassidse, and an Appendix to the whole work.

C. T. BINGHAM.

November, 1907.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Order RHYNCHOTA

Suborder Homoptera

Page 1

1 Subfam. 2.

Fam. 3. Membeacid.^.

Centrotince

Subfam. 1. Memhracince

Div. 1. OxyrliacbiScaria

1. Oxyrhachis, Germ.. . .

1. Wandus, Fabr. . . .

2. subjecfa, Walk. . .

3. rudis. Walk

4. palus, Biickt

5. imcatus^ MeJich.. . .

0, crinitus, Buckt. . . .

2. Oxyrbacbidia, Melich.

1. inermis, Stal

3. Xiphistes, Stal

1. vmicolor, Walk. . . .

3

4
5
5
6
6
7
8
8
8
9

Page

9

10

Div. 1. Hypsaucbeniaria.

1. If ypsaucbeuia, ^cr?« 10

1. bardwicki, W. Kirby . . 10

2. fsubfusca, Buckt 11

3. unciuata, Stdl 12

4. gibbosa, Dist 12

2. Hybanda, Di.^t 13

1.*^ anodouta, Btickf 13

3. Maguva, Melich 14

1. borrida, MelicJi 14

Div. 2. Micreunaria 14

1. Leptobelus, Stal 15

1. dama, Ge)-m l'"j

2. gazelJa, Fairm 1<>

2. Maarbarus, Dist lo

1. bubalus, Kirbij 17

2. cinctus, Buckt 17

3. Teliugana, Z)«W. 17

1. curvispina, Stal 1"

2. paria, Fairm 1^

3. cauescens, Buckt 19

4. capistrata, Dist 19

VI

SYSTJiMATIC INDEX.

4.

Page

•"). dofipious, Kirby 20

Ci. llavipes, Kirbij 20

7. imitator, Kirhy 21

8. pallipes, Stil 22

Parapofioii, Dist 22

1. kandyiana, Disf 22

liatlioutha, Dist 23

1. iudicaus, Walk 23

Div. 3. Acauthopliyesaria

1. Dograna, Dist

1. siifliilta, Bist

2. Iiidicopleustes, Did

1 . alboniaculatus, iJist. . .

2. curvatus, Melich

3. Acantliophyes, Stdl

1. capra, Fabr

Div. 4. Leptocentravia

1 . ] ioptocentrus, Stdl . . ■

1. taui'iis, Fabr

2. suLstitiitus, Walk..

•J. repouens, Walk

4. leucaspis, Walk

5. niephisloplieles, Buckt.

6. lonpfispiuus, Did

7. ustu.s, Buckt

8. iusignis, Did

Nilautama, Dist

1. tj'pica, Dist

Ceiitrotypus, Stal

1 . flexuosus, Fabr

2. assaineusis, Fainn. . .

3. securis, Buckt

4. ortus, Dist

o. ilavescens, Did

6. asmodeus, Dist

7. ater, Buckt.

•i.

Emphusi,s, Buckt

J . malleus, Walk

Periamaii, Dist

1. llavolineatus, Buckt. .

2. pyropiuus, Dist

(i. Otinotus, Buckt

1. ammon, Buck/

2. pallipes, Dist

3. rufescens, Dist

4. oiieratu.s. Walk

o. pallescens, Dist. . . .
G. elongatus, Dist

24

24
24
25
2o
2(3
26
26

28

28

29

30

30

31

31

32

32

32

32

33

33

34

34

35

35

36

36

36

37

37

38

38

39

39

40

40

40

41

41

Page

Pogon, Buckt 42

}. mcwYViiium, Buckt. .. 42

2. atrico.xis, Kirby 43

3. cupreuni, Kirby 43

4. auriculatum, Stdl .... 44

5. feiTiigiueuiii, Melich. . . 44

Div. 5. Centrotusaria .

1. Ceutrotus, Fabr

1. iudicatiis, 3Ielich. . . .

2. grauulatus, Kirby . . .

3. bioculatus, Kirby . . .

4. ramosus, Dist

5. angustulus, Melic/i. .

6. transversus, Dist. . . .

2. Anclion, Buckt

1. pilosum, Walk

2. ulniforrae, Buckt. . . .

3. ecliinatum, Dist

4. rectaiigulatum, Kirby

•~i. dirce, Buckt

(:'). brevis, Dist

3. Tricenti'iLs, Stdl

1. gibbosulus. Walk. . . .

2. congestus. Walk. . . .

3. projectus, Dist

4. bicolor, Dist

5. svibangulatus, Dist. .

6. albomaculatiis, Dist. .

7. cuneatus, Dist

8. seleuus, Buckt

9. assamensis, Dist. . . .

10. decoratus, Dist

11. fairmairei, Stdl

Div. 6. Gargararia

Ebhul, Dist

1. varius, Walk

Gargara, Amy. c^- Serv.

1. piceola, Melich. . . .

2. robusta, Dist

3. affinis, Dist

4. majuRcula, Dist. . . .
o. apicata, Melich. . . .

6. tumida, Melich. . . .

7. ferrugata, Melich. .

8. citrea, Dist.

45

45

46
46
47
47
48
48
49
49
50
51
51
52
52
53
53
54
55
55
55
56
56
57
57
58
58

59

59
59
60
60
61
61
61
62
62
62
63

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

V\l

Page

9. sericea, Dist 63

10. trinotata, JJi-^t 03

11. niyitt03, J'/.s^ 64

12. sikhimensis. Ditif 64

13. rivulata, Dtst 64

14. mixta, Buckt. 65

lo. fiavolineata. Disf 65

16. delimitata, Dist 66

17. alboapicata, Dist 66

, Pogontypus, Dist 67

1. complicatus, Melich. . . 67

2. horvathi, Dw/ 67

. Machrerotypus, TJldev . . . (58

1. incultus, Melich 68

2. discretus. Mclivh 69

. Demanga, Dist 69

1. sookiipaia, Dist 69

Div. 7. Coccostei'pliiisaria 70

1. Coccosterplius, Stdl .... 70

1. minutus, Fabr 71

2. decoloratus, Dist 71

3. tubeiculatus, Motsch. . . 72

4. obscurus, Dist 73

5. mucronicollis. Motsch.. 73

2. Yasa, Dist 74

1. greeni, Dist. 74

3. Kanada, Dist 74

1 . irvinei, Dist 75

4. Hemiptyclia crux, Linn. . . 75

5. Scapluda seuiiiitra, JW/rjH. 76

Dartlmla, Kirk 77

1. hai'dwiclii, Gray 78

Fani. 4. Cekcopid^ 79

Subfam. 1. MacJiccrotina' .... 79

1. Machserota, Buriu 80

1. ensifera, Bvrm 80

2. guttigera, Wcstic 81

3. spangbergi, Si(/n 82

4. punctulata, Sit/n 83

5. andamaneiisis, Dist. . . 83

6. flavolineata, Dist 83

7. ])laiiitias, Dist 84

2. Macbteropsi-s, Melich 84

1. valida, 3Ielich 84

Page

Subfam. 2. Aphroj)horinn' . . 85

1. Pooplnlus, Stal 86

1. costalis, Walk 86

2. Ptyelus, St. Far;;. ^V

Serv 87

1. uebulosiLS, Fahr 88

2. affinis, Dist 88

3. pr?efractus, Dist 89

4. hirsutus, Kirhy 89

5. sulcatus. Dist 90

6. majusculus, Dist 90

7. inconspicuu8, Dist. . . 90

8. sexvittatus, Walk. . . 91

9. subfasciatiis, Walk. . 9]

10. declaratus, Melich. . . 92

11. pallidus, Melich 92

3. Clovia, Stal 93

1. conifer, Walk 93

2. pimcta, TFulk 94

3. bipunctata, Kirby .... 94

4. lineaticolli.s, Motsch. . . 95

5. marglierite, Dist 95

6. signata, Dist 96

7. andamanensis. Dist. . . 96

8. rcepstorffi, J)ist 97

9. humeialis, Kirby .... 97

4. Lepyronia, Amy. S^- Serv. 97

1. picta, Melich 98

5. Thoodzata, Dist 98

1. pi'iiiceps, Dist 99

6. A])bropbora, Germ 99

1. bisignata, Di.<t 100

2. burmauica, Dist 100

3. brachycephala, Dist. . . 101

4. bimaculata, Dist, . . . 101

5. nancj'se, Dist 101

6. moorei, Dist 102

7. coguata, Dist 102

8. sigillifeia, Walk 103

9. deserta, Melich 103

7. Jeinbraiia, Dist ] 04

1. buprestioides, Dist. . . 104

2. moiitana, Dist 105

3. ornata, Di.^t 105

8. Souiiama, Dist 105

1. imprimis, Dist 106

9. Maudesa, Dist 106

1. amplificata, Dist 106

10. Daba, Dist 107

1 . arietaria, Dist 107

11. Pbilagra, Stdl 107

1 . fusiformis, Walk 108

2. dissimilis, i>/.>.7 109

VIM

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page
Subfain. •"!. Cercnpm(e 109

1. Itliinastiia, Kirbif 1 10

1. bicolor, Kirbi) Ill

■2. Callitettix, StSl HI

1. braconoides, Walk. . . Ill

2. contigua, W<dk 112

3. proxima, Walk 112

4. versicolor, Fabr 113

3. Abidama, DM 114

1. producta, Walk 114

2. nifula nist 114

4. Calosearta, Bredd llo

1. capitata, Stdl 11-5

T). Eoscarta, Bredd 11-")

1. seinirosea, Walk IK!

2. borealis, Bist IKi

3. niljiiricnsis, Dist 117

4. apicata, DM 117

5. atricapilla, Dist 117

6. illuminata, Dist 117

0. Phyniatostetha, StMl 118

1. circuinducta, Walk. . . 118

2. stfdi, Butl. 119

3. liilaris, Walk 119

4. reng-ma, Dist 120

5. nangla, Dist 120

(). pudica, Walk 121

7. sigiiifera, Walk 121

8. diibitabilis, Walk 122

9. stellata, Cndr 123

10. seiiia, Dist 123

11. dorsivitta, Walk 124

12. triscriata, Butl 125

13. binotata, Dist 125

14. Ivareiiia, Dist 120

15. pudeus, Walk 126

16. basiclava. Walk 127

17. l.vdia, Stdl 127

18. descliampai, Ldh. . . . 128
7. Cosmoscarta, Stdl 128

1. heroina, Dist 129

2. montana, Dist 130

3. nagasana, 7->('.s/ 1.30

4. decisa, Walk 130

5. ti'igona, Walk 131

0. metallica, Dist 131

7. macgillivravi, Dist. . . 1.32

8. pictili.'?, Std'l l;]:}

9. minor, Atkins 133

10. shillongana, Dist l.'',;j

11. margherit.-io, Dist ];54

12. castanea, Dist 134

Page

13. ducens, Walk 135

14. egeos, Walk 135

15. elengantula, Butl. .... 136

16. dimidiata, Dall 136

17. zouaria, Dist 137

18. thoracica, Dist 138

19. taprobanensis, Atkins. . 138

20. inconspicua, Butl 139

21. audaraana, Dist 139

22. inclusa, Walk 140

23. greeni, Atkins 140

24. samudra, Dist 141

25. n_ycteis, Jacobi 141

26. nigTofasciata,^fA-«is. . . 141

27. pallida, Walk 142

28. uaiteara, Dist 142

29. relata, Dist 143

30. raja, Dist 143

31. rotundata, Walk 144

32. putamara, Dist 144

.33. tennanti, Dist 145

34. llora,Dw;' 146

35. dorsalis, Walk 146

36. bispecularis, White . . 147

37. dorsimacula, Walk. . . 147

38. tietilis, Bull 148

39. septeiupunctata, JValk. 148

40. inenaca, Dist 149

41. trimacLila, Walk 149

42. tvicolov,SLFarj/.^-Serv. 150

43. basinotata, Bull 151

44. siamensis, Bull 151

45. pvouotalis, Dist 151

46. fulviceps, Dall 152

47. nioorei, Dist 1.52

48. fuscipennis, St. Fart/. ^'

Serv "... 153

49. leonina, Dist 15.3

50. affinis, Atkins 154

51. iuneralis, Butl 154

52. nigra, Atkins 155

53. liyalinipennis, Dist. . . 155

54. viridans, Guer 155

•"5. masoiii, Dist 156

Fani. 5. .Tassid^e 157

Subfam. 1. Ledrino' 158

1. Tituria, Stdl 159

1. plauata, Fabr 160

SrSTEMATlC INDEX.

IX

Page

2. acutangulata, Dist. . . l(5l

3. assainensis, T)i)it J(il

4. cuneata, Dist 162

2. Petalocephala, Stal 162

1. subaqiiila, Dist 163

2. hearsavi, Dist 163

3. cultellifera, Walk. . . 164

4. conica, Walk 164

5. confusa, Dist 164

G. glauca, Melich 165

7. imiformis, Dist 16;j

8. umbrosa, Dist 165

9. chlorocephala, Walk.. . 166

10. latit'roiis, Walk 166

11. liornei, Dist 166

12. bicolor, Dist 167

13. insignis, Dist 167

14. perductnlis, Kirhy .... 168

15. nigriliDea, Walk 168

16. tabulata, Dist 169

17. bracbycephala, Dist. . . 170

18. remota, Melich 170

1 9. walkeii, ilfe/ic/t 170

3. Ledra, Fahr 171

1. seiTulata, Fahr 171

2. intermedia, Dist 1 72

3. dorsalis, Walk 172

4. sublata, Dist 173

5. mutica, Fahr 173

6. dilatata, Walk 174

7. ciugaleiisis, Dist 175

8. rugosa, Walk 175

9. punctulata, Melich. . . 175

4. Chatura, Dist 176

1. uigella, Dist 176

5. Ezrana, Dist 177

1. pygmaea, Dist 177

6. Confucius, Dist 178

1. ocellatus, Dist 178

2. bituberculatus, Dist. . . 179

7. Ledrop&is, White 180

1. obligens. Walk 180

2. maculata, Dist 181

3. producta, Melich 181

8. Eleazara, Dist 182

1. a^diticatura, Dist 182

Subfam. 2. Bythuscopince .... 183

1. Jdiocerus, Lewis 184

1. niveosparsus, Leth. . . 185

2. fasciolatus, Dist 186

VOL. IV.

Page

'■). atldusoni, Leth ]8()

4. c-lypealis, Zf'</« 187

5. scutellatus, Dist 187

6. unimaculatus, Melich. . 188

7. subopacus, Midsch. . . 188

8. astutus, Melich 189

2. Balocha, Dist 189

1. tricolor, Dist 189

3. Bytlioscopus, Germ 190

1. cbloropliaua, Melich. . . 191

2. piceatus, Dist 191

3. pulvereus, Dist 192

4. rubrofrontalis, Dist. . . 192

4. Chunra, Dist 193

1. punctico8ta, Walk 193

5. Agallia, Curtis 194

1. plotina, Dist 194

2. atroveijosa, Melich. . . 195

3. biplagiata, Melich 196

4. qimdYmotatei, Melich. . . 197

6. Moonia, Dist 197

1. saucita, Dist 198

7. Busonia, JDi,st 198

1. amentata, Dist 199

2. indica, Leth 199

Subfam. 3. Tettiijoniellince . . 200

1 . Tettigouiella, Jacohi .... 201

1. ferruginea, Fahr 202

2. iudistiucta, Walk 203

3. leopardina, Dist 204

4. illustris, Dist 204

5. kotagirieusis, Dist. . . 205

6. melichari, Dist 205

7. affinis, Dist 206

8. assamensis, Dist 207

9. python is, Dist 207

10. pavo, Siyn 208

11. semicircularis, Siyn. . . 209
J 2. Cornelia, Dist i!09

13. infecta, Dist 210

14. helena, Dist 210

15. spectra, Dist 211

16. subvirescens, Stal .... 212

17. amalthea, Dist 212

18. bellona, Dist 212

19. iocasta, Dist 213

20. rubromaculata, Siy?i.. . 213

21. dunsiriensis, Dist 214

22. pupula, Kirhy 214

b

SySTEMATIC INDEX.

— • I.

Pag.-

lUiirpessa, Bit:/ '2\'')

_4. quadrilinoata, "^i^'i- . . -1-j

25. iuliamniata, -D/s< 215

2(5. suliiluirata, i.>/.^< 216

27. iudiga, Bkt 217

28. saiularacata, J)i'<t 217

29. sikhiiuensis, i*/*/ 217

.•;0. habilis, I)i.->t 218

;J1. uiutata, Me/ich 218

82. alomeua, Di^-^t 219

;i3. ceylonica, Melic/i 219

:J-4. fuscoveuosa, Melich. . . 220

35. exigua, Melich 220

3G. gagatina, Melich 221

37. fe.-tiva, Melich 221

IMiaudara, Dist. . . .
1. semiclara, Siy/i.
Kolla, Dist.

Subfaiu. 4. (,'i/po7iime

Pago

240

221
222
223

1 . insignis, iJist 223

2. uniiuaeulata, tSif/u 224

3. vesta, Dist 224

4. lineata, Dist 224

5. uiiiuica, J)ist 225

6. mungplmensis, Dist. . . 225

7. opponeus, Walk 225

8. canidia, Dist 226

9. gregalis, Dist 226

4. Euacautlius, Burin 227

1. extremus, Walk 227

2. repexus, Dist 228

5. Bundera. Z>«!; 228

1. venata, Dist 228

6. Maiiida, Dist 229

1. prfficulta, Dist 230

7. Pisacha, Dist 230

1. piinutiva, Dist 231

2. pallescens, Z^wi; 231

8. Siguoretia, Stdl 232

1 . malaya, Stal 232

2. aureola. Dist 232

3. greeui, Dist 233

9. Preta, Dist 234

1 . gratiosa, Melich 234

10. Atkinsouiella, Dist 235

1 . decisa, Dist 236

2. maculata, Dist 236

11. Soibaiiga, 7>is/ 236

1 . bella, Walk 237

12. Mik-tiwa, Dist 238

1 . luaigheritae, Dist 238

1:!. Ujna, Dist 239

r. delicatula, Dist 239

2. cousors, Dist 240

Div. 1. Peiitliiiuiaria

. 240

1 . Pentbimia, Germ

1. iuelanocepliala,ilf oisc/i.

2. conipacta. Walk

3. castanea, Walk

4. subniger, Dist

5. scapularis, Dist

6. maculosa, Dist

7. juiio, Dist

8. ei'ebus, Dist

2. Neodartus, Melich

1. acocepbaloides, Melich.

2. scutellatus, Dist

3. rufopuuctatus, Motsch.

3. Tambila, Dist

1. greeni, Dist

4. Haraoga, Dist

1. oriental is, ll'alk

o.

2. scutellaris, Dist. . . .

3. decurtata, Dist. . . .
Balala, Dist

1. fulviventris, Walk.

241
241
242
243
243
244
244
245
245
246
246
246
247
247
247
248
249
249
250
250
251

Div. 2. Hylicaria 252

1. Hylica, Stdl :

1, paradoxa, Stal

2. Kalasha, Dist. . . ] . ...

1. uativa, Dist

3. Assiringia, Dist

1. exhibita, Dist

4. Bhooi'ia, Dist

1 . modulata, Dist

5. Sudra, Dist

1. iiotauda, Dist

6. llatigoria, Dist

1. prajiens, Dist

7. Namsaugia, Dist

1. garialis, Dist

8. Vangama, Dist

1. steneosaura, Dist

9. Traiguma, Dist

1. nasuta, Dist

10. Gurawa, Dist

1. vexillum, Dist

11. Pytliamus, Melich

1. dealbatus, Melich

12. Gypoua P kangrensis, Am-^.

252
253
254
254
255
255
256
256
257
257
258
258
259
259
260
260
261
261
262
263
263
263
264

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

XI

Subfam. 5. Jassina 26o

1. Uzeliiia, Melich 260

] . laticeps, Melich 267

2. Chudania, Dist 268

1. delecta, Dist 268

Div. 1. Mukariaria 269

1. Mukaria, Dist 269

1. peDthiniioides, Z)»s<. .. 270

2, splendida, Dist 270

2. Buloria, Dist 271

1. gypouinoides, Dist. . . 271

3. Mohimia, Dist 272

1. splendens, Dist 272

Div. 2. Hecalusaria 273

1. Hecalus, Stal 273

1. sulcatLis, Fieh 274

2. umballaeiisis, Dist. . . 274

3. lefroyi, Dist.' 275

4. paykulli, Stal 276

5. nervosus, Melich 277

2. Thomsoniella, Siffn 277

1. porrecta, Walk 278

2. rubroliueata, Motsch. . 279

3. arcuata, Motsch 280

4. viridis, Dist 280

5. albomaculata, Dist. . . 280

3. Nirvana, Kirk. 281

1. pseudommatos, Kirk. . 282

2. linealis, Dist 282

3. greeni, Dist 283

4. lougitudinalis, Dist. . . 283

0. suturalis, Melich 284

6. pallida, Melich 284

7. decora, Melich 285

4. Kana, Dist 285

1. thoracica, Dist 285

2. ramificata, Dist 286

3. ordinata, Dist 287

4. illaborata, Dist 287

5. Balbillus, Dist 287

1. granulosus, Dist 288

6. Platyretus, Melich 289

1. marginatus, Melich. . . 289

Div. 3. Selenocephalaria . 290

1. Selenocephalus, Germ. . . 290
1. egregius, Stal 291

Page

2. virescens, Dist 291

3. disparatus, Melich. . . 292

4. dolens, Melich 293

2. Paramesus, Fieb 293

1. lineaticollis, Dist 294

3. Megabyzus, Dist 294

1. signandus, Dist 295

4. Cened^us, Dist 296

1. horvatbi, Z)<s< 296

5. Krisna, Kirk 297

1. strigicoUis, Spin 297

2. striata, Kirhy 298

3. sberwilli, Dist 299

6. Acropona, Melich 300

1. prasina, Walk 300

Div. 4. Tartessusaria .... 301

1. Gessius, Dist 301

1. verticalis, Dist 302

2. Tartessus, Stal 302

1. ferrugineus, Walk. . . 303

3. Drabescus, Stal 304

1. nervosopunctatus,<S'zV7«. 304

2. angulatus. Sign 305

3. conspicuus, Dist 306

4. stramineus, Dist 306

5. Isetisigna, Walk 307

6. limbaticeps, Stal .... 307

4. Kutara, Dist 308

1. brunnesceus, Dist. . . 308

5. Cestius, Z»js^. . ._. 309

1. versicolor, Dist 310

G. Goniagnathus, Fieh 310

1. punctifer. Walk 311

2. nervosus, Melich 312

3. uniformis, Dist 312

7. Mesargus, Melich 313

1. asperatus, Melich 313

Div. 6. Thagriaria 314

1. Thagria, Melich 315

1 . fasciata, Melich 315

2. siguata, Dist 315

3. pedestris, Dist 316

2. Mukwana, Dist 317

1. introducta, Dist 317

3. Pugla, Dist. 318

1. sigillarivS, Dist 319

Xll

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page

4. Soortana, Dist 319

1. simulata, Dist 319

5. Varta, Dist 320

1. rubrofasciata, Dist. . . 321

Div. G. Jassusaria 321

1. Dussana, Dist 322

1. quaerenda, Dist 322

2. Dharmma, Dist 323

1. projecta, Dist 324

3. Sabim'a, Dist 324

1. prima, Dist 325

2. steUifera, Dist 325

4. Guliga, Dist 326

1. erebus, Dist 326

6. Jassiis, Fabr 327

l.indicus, Walk. 327

2. maldivensis, Dist 328

3. eleij;aus, Dist 329

4. pectitus, Dist 329

5. tenasserimensis, Dist. . 330

6. cretatiis, Dist 330

7. atkinsoni, Dist 331

8. silvestris, Dist 331

9. luridus, Melich 331

10. pauperculus, Spangb. . 332

11. nocturnus, Dist 332

12. pulchellus, A7y% .... 333

13. roratus, Dist 334

14. sulphureus, Dist 335

lo. rutatus, Dist 335

16. opuleutus, Dist 336

17. percultus, Dist 337

18. karenensis, Dist 337

19. prsetextus, Dist 338

6. Arja, Dist 338

1. rubrolineata, Dist. . . 338

7. Kunasia, Dist 339

1. nivosa, Dist 339

8. Myittana, Dist 340

1. dohertvi, Dist 340

9. Placidus, ^Dist 341

1. hornei, Dist 342

Div. 7. Atbysauusaria .. 343

] . Athysanus, Burin 343

1. fusconervosiis, Motsch. 344

2. indicus, Dist 344

Page

3. atkinsoni, Dist 345

4. nanus, Dist 346

2. Phlepsius, Fieb 346

1. divaricatus, Melich. . . 346

2. plumbeus, Dist 347

3. Xestocephalus, Van Duz.. 348

1. guttatus, Motsch 349

2. apicalis, Melich 349

3. paganurus, Melich. . . 350

4. pardalinus, Dist 350

Div. 8. Thamuotettixaria. 351

1. Monobazus, Dist 351

1. himalaveusis, Dist. . . 352

2. Banus, Dist 353

] . oblatus, Dist 353

3. Tliamnotettix, Zett 354

1. brevissimus, Leth 354

2. greeni, Melich 354

3. cicur, Melich 355

4. latruncularius, Motsch. 356

5. curtulus, Motsch 356

4. Bhatia, Dist 357

1 . olivacea, Melich 357

5. Nepbotettix, Matsum. . . 359

1. bipuuctatus, Fabr. . . 359

2. apicalis, Motsch 360

6. Eutettix, Van Duzee .... 362

1. disciguttus. Walk. . . 362

2. apricus, Melich 363

3. phycitis, Dist 363

4. smaragdinus, Dist. . . 364

7. Divus, Dist 365

1. bipunctatus, Melich. . 365

Div. 9. Cicadularia 366

1. CIcadula, Zett 366

1. vaga, Melich 367

2. Balclutha, Kirk 368

1. punctata, Thunb 368

2. lineata, 3felich 369

3. rubrostriata, Melich. . . 370

4. viridis, Matsum 370

5. inti'usa, Melich 370

6. Isevis, Melich 371

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

XUl

Pagp

Div. 10. Deltocepha-

lusaria 371

1. Scaphoideus, Uhlev .... 371

1. festivus, Matsum. . . 372

2. ornatus, MelicJi 373

3. morosus, Melich 373

4. indicus, Dist 374

5. consanguineus, Dist. . 375

6. elegantulus, Melich. . 375

7. polymitus, Dist 376

8. russus, Dist. , 377

9. notatus, Dist 377

10. fletcheri, Dist 377

11. punctulatus, Melich. . . 378

2. Aconura, Leth 378

1. colombensis, Melich. . . 379

2. solitaris, Melich 379

3. Deltocephalus, Burm. . . 380

1. dorsalis, Motsch 380

2. pulvisculus, Dist 381

3. distinctus, Motsch. . . 382

4. Isetus, Melich 383

5. oneratus, Melich 383

6. montanus, Dist 384

7. erebus, Dist. 385

8. thoracicus, Dist 385

9. rufolineatus, Melich. . 386

10. infirmus, Melich 386

11. porticus, Melich 386

12. bimaculatus, Melich. . 387

13. intermedins, Melich. . 388

14. bruunescens, Dist. . . 388

15. scriptus, Dist 389

16. transparipennis,

Motsch 389

17. variegatus, Motsch. . . 390

18. elongato-ocellatus,

Motsch 390

Div. 11. Chiasmusaria .. 390

1. Chiasmus, Muls. Sf Rey . 391

1. uzelii, Melich 391

2. Doratulina, Melich 392

1. jocosa, Melich 393

3. Kartwa, Dist 394

1. mustelina, Dist 394

Div. 12. Paialimnusaria . 395

1. Paralimnus, Matsum. . . 395

1. lateralis, Walk 395

2, albomaculatus, Dist.

3. umbratus, Melich. .
2. Allturus, Dist

1. gardineri, Dist. . . .

Page

397
397
398
398

Subfam. 6. Typhlocybince . . 399

Div. 1. Empoascaria .... 399

1. Homa, Dist 400

1. iiisignis, Dist 400

2. Empoasca, Walsh .... 401

1. rufa, Melich 402

2. centromaculata, Me-

lich 402

3. citrina, Melich 403

4. niiniata, Meiich 403

5. melicbari, Dist 403

6. notata, Melich 404

7. flavescens, Fahr 405

8. petasata, Melich 406

3. Heliona, Melich 407

1. constricta, Melich. . . 407

2. bioculata, Melich. . . 408

Div. 2. Typhlocybaria . . 408

1. Typblocyba, Germ 409

1. orbata, Melich 409

2. erota, Dist 410

3. fiimigata, Melich. . . 410

4. funeta, Melich 411

5. fumosa, Motsch 412

G. nigrobimaculata,

Motsch 412

7. sudra, Dist 412

8. jaina, Dist 413

9. subrufa (Zygina -
Typblocyba), Motsch. 413

10. maculifrons, Motsch. . 413

11. currax, Melich 414

12. bipunctula, Melich. . . 414

13. indra, Dist 415

14. tripimctula, Melich. . . 415

2. Eupteryx, Curt 416

1. picta, Melich 416

2. iusecata, Melich 417

3. ochracea, Motsch. . . 418

3. Motschulskia, Kirk 418

1. inspiratus, Motsch. . . 419

XIV

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

APPENDIX.

Page

Fam. Pentatomid^ ..... 4:^0

Subfam. 1. TlataspidirKB . . 421

Tiarocoris, Voll 421

Coptosoma, Lap 421

merguiensia, Dist 421

Can-abas, Bist. .... 421

maurus, Dist 422

Subfam. 2. Scutellerince 422

Chrysocoris, Hahn ...... 422

iris, Germ 422

Arctocoris, Germ 423

indicus, Schout 423

Subfam. 3. Graphosomathvp . 424

Podops, Lap 424

longispina, Schout 424

scobinaj, Dist 424

Burrus, Di&t 425

spicatus, DUt 425

Subfam. 4. Cydnince 426

Cydnus, Fahr 426

^ mnmh-A, Dist 420

tanna, Dist 427

Macroscytus, Fieb 427

electus, Dist 427

Geotomus, Muls 427

opacus, Dist 427

Chilocoris, Mayr 428

assmuthi, Bredd 428

solenopsides, Bredd. . . 429

Statamis, Dist 430

membranaceus, Dist. . . 431

Subfam. 5. Pentatoynince , . 432

Armatillus, Dist 432

verrucosus, Dist 432

Dalpada, A my 433

annandalei, Dist 433

melania, Dist 434

Ertliesina, Spin 434

robertsi, Dist 434

Paraiievisanus, Dist 435

subgenericus, Dist 435

Sciocoris, Fallen 436

Page

Menedemus, Dist 436

Tittatus, Dall 436

Hippotiscus, Bergr 437

Oncinoproctus, Bredd. . . 437

griseolus, Bredd 438

-^schrocoris, Bergr 439

fumosus, Dist 439

Eusarcocoris, Hahn .... 439

modestus, Dist 439

porrectus, Bredd 440

Carbiila, Stal 440

aspavia, Dist 440

Stachyomia, Stal 441

thamada, Dist 441

Parastracbia, Dist 442

iiagaensis, Dist 443

Placosternum, Amy 444

bos, Dist 444

Glaucias, KirTi 444

Menida, Motsch 444

pundaluoyfe, Dist 444

wellawayae, Dist 445

cingalensis, Dist 445

Subfam. 6. Asopince 446

Cazira, Amy 446

bboutaiiica, Schout 446

breddini, Schout 446

Breddiniella, Schout 447

insignis, Schout 448

Cantbecona, ^w?/ 451

ornatula, Disf 451

humeralis, Dist 452

Picromerus, A^ny 453

Andrallus, Bergr 453

Ineitatus, Dist 453

primus, Dist 453

Pseudanasida, Schout. . . 454

fallax, Schout 455

Amyotea, Ellenr 456

Subfam. 7. Tessaratomince .

456

Mesolea, Bredd 456

pedestris, Bredd 457

Aurungabada, Dist 458

siiigularis, Dist 459

Empysurus, Martin .... 459

depressus, Martin .... 460

jobiii, Oshan 460

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

XV

Pago

Subfam. 9. Phyllocephalina; . 4G:i

Schizops, Spin 462

uepalensitf, Dist 4()-J

Subfam. 10. UrostyliiKr. .... 402

Urostylis, Wesiw 462

iustnictiviis, Rent 463

sinensis, Walk. ........ 463

Subfam. 1 1 . Acanthosomuthue 464

Protophantasta, BreJd. . . 464

forhciiloides, Dist 464

Sastragala, A7ni/ 46-'3

smaragdina, Dist 465

Fam. CoREiD^ 466

Ilomoeoceriis, Bxrm 466

relatus, Disf 466

frateruus, Vitit 467

javanicus, Dull 467

badgleyi, Dist 468

Aschistus, StSl 468

uepalensis, Dist 468

sulcatus, Dist 469

Notobitiis, Stal 470

parvus, Dist 470

mucdus, Dist 470

Cloresmus, Stal 471

similis, Dall 471

antennatus, Dist 471

Page

Colpura, Bcrgr 472

terebrans, Brcdd 472

Pendulinus, Thunh 47.">

rostratus, Dist 47J*

Div. Atractaria 474

Haidara, Dist 474

producta, Dist 474

admota, Dist 475

Cletoniorpha, Mmj)- .... 476

Craspedum, Amy 476

burniauicum, Dist -176

Stachyolobus, Stal 177

cuspidatus, Dist 477

Acestra, Dull 478

sinica, Dall 479

nialayaua, Dist 480

Dulichi'iis, Stal 480

tbonipsoni, Dist 480

Eutbetus, Dull 481

singalensis Dist 481

Babaranus, Dist 482

ornatukis, Dist 482

Tenosius, Stal 483

proletarius, Schaum .... 484

Akbaratus, Dist 485

fisheri, Dist 486

Fam. Berytid^ 487

Metatropis, Fieb 487

aurita, Bredd 487

Capys, Stdl 489

malacaipus, Stal 490

Order RHYNCHOTA.

Suborder HOMOPTERA.
Family MEMBRACIDiE.

Membracides, Germ. Mag. Ent. iv, p. 7 (1821).
Menibracina, Bur7n. Handh. Ent. ii, 2, p. 102 (1839).
Membracidte, Curth, Brit. Ent. xvi, (reii. p. 14 (1840).
Cornidoisi, Amy. cV Scrr. Rim. p. 532 (1843).
Jassida, sublam. Membracida, 8taJ, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 83 (1866).
Membracida, Fieh. Rev. Mar/. Zvol. (3) iii, p. 332 (1875).

Tui.s family has already (vol. iii, p. 54) been diagnosed by its primary
cbaracters : — ocelli placed between the eyes ; antenna) inserted ija
front of and between eyes ; pronotum prolonged backwards into
a hood or process of variable form. The Meinbracidte constitute
one of the most distinct families in the Homoptera, and are
principally distinguished by the great development of the pronotum,
particularly its posterior process, the frequently bizarre structure
of which has occasioned much speculation, and produced some
observational facts relative to its advantage in mimetic and
protective resemblance to other insects and to its environment.

The family has been much worked and elucidated in recent
years. Tairmaire in lb40 was the great pioneer ; AYalker followed
a few years hater, but his work is of unequal value ; Stfd, in 1860
and 1869, with his usual penetration and unique taxonomical
insight gave some masterly generic tabulations wliicli still constitute
the bedrock of all our classification. Butler, 1877 and 1878, gave
revised lists of the species of many genera nearly if not quite
wholly American in distribution ; in 1892 Goding gave a synopsis
of the subfamilies and genera found in A^orth America ; while in
1894 I'owler commenced his enumeration and description of the
Membracida? of Central America.

Of the Old-World Membracida", Stal gave a description of the
Philippine fauna in 1870 ; Goding monographed the Australian
members of the family in 1903, in which year Melichar described
all the species from Ceylon with \\hich he was acquainted. It was
also in 1903 that Buckton produced his 'Monograph of the
Membracidse ' : and when we remember that that gifted and
versatile scientific worker commenced his study of the exotic
Membracida} when he had about reached the eightieth year of
his life, and that he was physically incapacitated by an almost life-
long affliction from visiting museums and private collections for

A^OL. IV. B

2 MEMBR.VCID.'E

comparison of ty])es and specimens, his work, apart from its
limitations, is a standard of energy and determination. He drew
all the iigures himself, which was sometimes disadvantageous, for
althoLi'^h a painter in oils of considerable merit, he naturally
lacked that minnte and microscopic delineation which is indispens-
able to the entomological artist. By the kindness of his family
his collection of the Membracidae has passed into my hands, and I
have thus been able to study his types and genera. Of course
Walker's types have always been at my examination ; Dr. Horvath
has kindly let me see such of Melichar's Ceylonese species as are
contained in the Museum Hongrois at Budapest ; Prof. Poulton
has done me the same service as regards species described by
Buckton from the Hope Collection ; both Drs. Aurivillius and
SjiJstedt have assisted me VAith cotypes of Stal's species in the
Stockholm Museum, and I am under similar obligation to
Dr. Bolivar of Madrid and Dr. Handlirsch of Vienna.

The Membracidae of British India, or of tlie Old World
generally, cannot compare with those of the Neotropical Region
either in number, colour, or structure, and it is in the latter region
that this family reaches its zenith in development.

The natural position of the Membracidae among the other
families of the Homoptera is still sub judice. Stal and Hansen
consider the Membracidae as essentially belonging to the Jassidae,
and not without substantial if not adequate reason. I, however,
incline to the views of most modern writers on the subject and
consider the Membracidae as a very distinct subfamily, linked to the
Cercopidae by the IlacJicerotuw, and this at least has to be con-
ceded, whether according to different views the Cercopidae precede
or follow the Membracidae in classification. The family is divided
into six subfamilies, of which two are found in our fauna, and in
Fowler's opinion tliese two subfamilies might be sufficient to
embrace the whole of the Membracidae. It is probable that there
is considerable argument in this view, though at present with sonie
rhynchotal systematists, or those at least qualified to express
dogmatic opinions, an artificial system once promulgated is to be
accepted as a biological canon.

Belt (' The Naturalist in Nicaragua,' pp. 22G-7) states that
certain species of Membracidae were attended by ants for the sake
of a sweet secretion. E. E. Green (Ent. Month. Mag. xxxvi,
p. 185) has recorded some practically similar observations made by
himself in Ceylon.

Synopsis of Suhfaniilies.

A. Scutellum wanting or obsolete, or entirely

concealed by the pronotum ; the tibiae, or at
least the intermediate and anterior tibiae,
more or less dilated Memhracince.

B. Scutellum usually distinct and more or less

uncovered, its apex generally excavate or

broadly sinuate, the apical angles acute .... Centrotince.

OXYRIIACIIIS.

Subfamily I. MEMBRACIiNF^.

Membracidfi, Stdl, Hem. Afric. iv, p. 83 (18GG) ; Fich. Rev. May.

Zool. (3) iii, p. 332 (1875).
Centrotida (part), Sm, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1869, p. 280.
Centrotiua (part), Atkins. J. A. S. Bene/, liv, p. 76 (1885).
Membracina?, Foivler, Biol, Centr.-Ajner., R/tynch. Hum. ii, p. 3

(1894).

The two genera found in the Indian fauna which are placed in
this subfamily are of rather doubtful position, 8o sound and
experienced a taxonomist as Still placed them originally in the
above subfamily (18GG); in 1869 he transferred them to the
Centrotince, and again in the same year (Hem. Fabr. ii, p. 47)
he adhered to his earlier decision. In general appearance they
strongly resemble the Centrotino', but tbey differ from all the
genera there included by the absent or obsolete scutellum, entirely
concealed by the prouotum.

Division OXYRHACHlSAIilA.

In this division the posterior pronotal process is long and
narrow, broad at base, and reaching or passing the posterior angle
of the interior margin of thetegmiua; the tibiae are dilated ; the
sides of the pro- and mesosterna are armed with a small lobe
or tooth.

Synojysis of Genera.

A. Posterior prouotal process compressed and
ampliated beneath on its apical area ;
wings with three apical areas.
a. Pronotum with the lateral angles more or

less produced Oxyhhachis, p. 3.

/j. Prouotum with the lateral auj^les not

produced Oxyrhachidia, p. 8.

ii. Posterior prouotal process not compressed
and ampliated beneath ; wings with four
apical areas Xiphistes, p. 8.

Genus OXYRHACHIS.

Oxvrhachis, Germ, in Silh. Rev. Ent. iii, p. 232 (1835) ; Fninn.

Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1846, p. 267 ; IStal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 84

(1866) ; Fieb. Rev. May. Zool. (3) iii, p. 333 (1875) ; Atkins.

J. A. S. Beny. liv, p. 76 (1885) ; Melich. Hon. Faun. Ceylon,

p. 108 (1903).
Polocentrus, Buckt. Mojioyr. Memhrac. p. 253 (1903).
Ouranorthus, Buckt. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bond, ix, p. 333 (1905).

Type, 0. turandns, Fabr.

4

MEMBEAClDiE.

Distrlhutton. Oriental and Ethiopian Regions.

Head perpendicular, face a little ele\ated ; pronotum with the
lateral angles more or less produced, the processes three-cornered
or tricariuate ; the posterior process long, narrow, broad at base,
beneath posteriorly compressed and amplified and reaching or
passing the posterior angle of the interior margin of the tegmina,
this process is also three-cornered or tricarinate ; sides of the pro-
and mesosterna armed «ith a small lobe or tooth ; wings with three
apical areas ; tibiiB compressed and moderatelj" dilated.

I have inch;ded I'olocenirus, Biickt. as a synonym of O.n/rhachis,
because its describer states that P. rufus " may be taken as
typifying the genus," though the first species he enumerates
(-P. latijyes) evidently belongs to the genus XijJiisies.

2104. Oxyrhachis tarandus, Fabr. (Memhracis) Unf. Si/.^t. Siq>pl.
p. .314 (1798) ; ill (Ceiitrotus) iii/st. BliipKj. p. 19 (1808) ; Germ.
(Oxyrhachis) in Silb. Ber. Ent. iii, p. 'lo'I (1835) ; Amy. i^- Scrr.
Hem. p. o3G (1843) ; Fnirm. Ann. Sue. Fnt. Fr. 1846, p. 268,
pi. 4, f. 13 ; Stm, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 84 (1866) ; id. Hem. Fabr. ii.
p. 47 (1869) ; AtJmis. J. A. S. B. Hv, p. 77 (188;'3).
Polocentru.s lufus, Bicckt. Monogr. Memhrac. p. l'54, t. Iviii, f. '2.

a, b (1903).
Polocentrus neuter, Bueld. torn. cit. t. Iviii, f. 3 (1903).

Ferruginous or fuscous, thickly punctate ; head frontally piceous,
often apically more or less marginally ochraceous ; tegmina dull
hyaline, the veins fuscous, the base narrowly pale ferruginous ;
pronotum with a central longitudinal carination which traverses

Fig. 1. — Oxi/rhachis /arrn/d/is.

the length of the posterior process ; the lateral j^rocesses sub-
horizontal, seen from behind a little recurved, seen from the front
more upwardly recurved, strongly tricariuate, compressed, their
apices obtusely acute ; posterior process long, extending beyond
tegminal apices, upwardly recurved, beneath laminately ampliate
and finely serrate ; legs somewhat longly j^ilose.

Length 7 to 9 ; breadth lat. pronot, process. 4 millim.

I/ab. Bengal, Calcutta (Ind. Mus.) ; Madras {Coll. Dist.) •
Chatrapur, Ganganu (Stebhing) ; Mysore, Bangalore (Brit. Mus.) ;
Karachi (Ciimmivrf). — Abyssinia. Egypt. Senegal. South
Africa.

OXYKH.VCIIIS. o

This species in the Madras .District, was found by Mr. E. P.
Stebbiug on Acacia slamea and A. arahica and on Casuarina. In
Mr. Buckton's collection tbere is a Madras specimen labelled
Centrotus ^-'m/zo (type), of which I can find no published description,
Init the species may have been distributed under tliat name and
therefore requires mention.

Prof. Poulton has sent me examples for comparison of the
species described by Buekton as Polocentrus nifus ; his P. neuter
was described from my own collection. Both his figures must be
ignored. The species figured by Buekton (Monogr. Membrac.
t.xlix, f . 3, rt, f>) as O.vi/rJuicMs tarandvs is the S. African Xipliistes
farcicornis. Germ., his cotypes are now in my collection.

2105. Oxyrhacllis subjecta, Wall;. List Horn. ii,p. 504 (1851) ; Atkins.

J. A. S. B. liv, p. 79 (1SS.-3).

" jN'early allied to 0. tamndus but is smaller ; the dorsal horns
are shorter in proportion and less diverging; the hind appendage
is more inclined upward and not serrated beneath. Black, clothed
with whitish down ; head transverse, sub(]uadrate, flat, slightly
impressed, finely punctured, not much broader than long, a little
narrower than the fore-chest between the shoulders, truncated and
ferruginous in front ; fore-chest rather high in front, rather
roughly punctured, rising almost vertically from the head, with a
ferruginous ridge ; shoulders rounded, not prominent ; horns
above very broad, prismatic, conical, diverging, ascending, hardly
curved, downward ; hind side much shorter than either of the
other sides : lens-th of the horns rather less than the breadth of the
chest between them ; hind appendage mostly ferruginous, extend-
ing very far beyond the tip of the abdomen, inclined upward and
keeled beneath but not serrated from the middle to the tip ; breast
and abdomen clothed with white down ; legs red ; shanks widened ;
wings colourless ; fore-wings tawny and punctured at the base, with
a brown spot on the angle of the hind border ; veins stout,
ferruginous ; four discoidal areolets." ( M^alker.)

" Length of the body 3 ; of the wings 54 lines."

Hah. " East Indies."

The unique type of this species is now in a most mutilated con-
dition, the " dorsal horns " being quite destroyed. According to the
description, it differs from the preceding species by the non-serrate
under surface of the posterior process.

2106. Oxyrhachis rudis, Walk. List Horn, ii, p. 509 (18ol) ; Atldns.

J. A. S. B. liv, p. 78 (1885).

Ferruginous-brown, a central pale carinate longitudinal Hue
traversing the pronotum and the posterior process ; tegmina very
pale dull ochraceous, the apical margin hyaline, the veins and a
small basal patch ferruginous ; pronotum thickly punctate ; the
lateral processes broad, somewhat flat, horizontally produced, their

6 MEMBEACID-'E.

apices subacute and slightly directed backward, as seen from the
front more slender and a little more apicallj acute ; posterior process
moderately laminately gibbous at base, then concave and apically
upturned but not reaching tegminal apex, very obscurely serrate
beneath ; legs testaceous ; body beneath more or less greyishly or
pale ochraceously tomentose.

Length 7 to 74 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3^ millim.

Hah. North Bengal (Brit. Mas.) ; Calcutta {Indian Mus.).

To be distinguished from 0. tarandus by the shorter and broader
lateral pronotal processes, and by the shorter posterior process.

2107. Oxyrhachis palus, Buchf. (Oiu-anortlius) Trans. Liiin. Soc. ix,
p. 333, t. xxii, f. 1 (1905).

Body and legs pale ochraceous ; face pale castaneous ; tegmina
hyaline, wrinkled, talc-like, the veins and extreme basal area palf
ochraceous ; pronotum somewhat sparingly punctate ; the lateral
processes as seen from above short, broad, slightly recurved at
apices, discally concavely grooved, as seen in front apically turned
a little downward ; posterior process long, passing the posterior
angle of the inner margin of the tegmina, centrally and laterally
carinate, the central carination finely continued through pronotum,
moderately laminately gibbous at base and apically upturned.

Length 8; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3 millim.

Mah. Bangalore (Madrid Mvs,).

By the kindness of Prof. Bolivar of the Madrid Museum, I have
been allow^ed to examine the type of this species. The posterior
pronotal process is fractured and erectly upturned, ^^ hich deceived
Buckton and induced him to regard this as a natural character upon
\\hich he proposed the foundation of a new genus, Onranortlms.

The species is allied to 0. rudis, Walk., by the broad but more
apically recurved lateral pronotal processes, especially as viewed in
front, the colour is also pale ochraceous.

2108. Oxyrhachis iincatus. Mdich. Hum. Faun. Ceylo^i, p. 108 (1903).
Ceutrotus iiectaris, Bnckt. Monof/r. Memhrac. p. 246, t. Iviii,
f. 4, a, b (1903).

Pigf. 2. — Cviirliavltlg iinvutiig.

Brownish-ochraceous ; a central pale yellow- carinate line to

OXTEHACHIS.

pronotiim ; frontal margin of pronotuni, the lateral processes, and
posterior process (excluding base) ochraceons ; tegmina wrinkled,
subhyaline, the veins ochraceous ; legs ochraceons; body beneath
cretaceously tomentose ; pronotum thickly punctate, laterally here
and there slightly cretaceously tomentose ; lateral processes short,
ascendant, their apices rounded, their outer areas with an oblique
pale line ; posterior process reaching or slightly passing tegmlnal
apices, laterally compressed, apically slightly turued upward ;
tegmina opaque and punctured at base.

Length 7; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3 to S^ millim.

ffab. Ceylon ; Peradeuiya (Green). Trichinopoly (fide
Melichar).

2109. Oxyrhachis crinitus, BticM. (Centvotus) Monofjr. Membrac.
p. 247, t. Ix, f. 5 (190?.).

Pale brownish -testaceous, thickly punctate, a central pale
longitudinal carinate line traversing the pronotum and posterior
process ; a transverse spot on each side of base of head, a spot on
pronotum behind each eye and the apex of carinate line to posterior

Fiff. 3. — O.vyrhachh crinidia.

process black ; tegmina wrinkled, subhyaline, the venation ochra-
ceous, the base opaque and punctate ; legs ochraceous ; sternum
black' more or less cretaceously tomentose; abdomen beneath
ochraceous, slightly cretaceously tomentose ; pronotal lateral pro-
cesses very short, much less prominent as seen from behind than
in front, from behind they are broadly angulate, from m front
more prominent and subacute ; posterior process a little raised near
base, then concave and more or less upwardly directed towards
apex, which does not quite reach tegminal apices, beneath very
finely serrate ; face with the basal and apical margins more or less

black. -, , ,

Length 4^ to 54 ; brendth lat. pronot. process, l^ to

2 millim.

Hub. Ceylon ; Kaits (Green).

8

MEMBBACID.E.

Genus OXYRHACHIDIA.

Oxyrliacliidia, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 118 (1903).

Tvpe, 0. inermis, Stal.

Distribution. Ceylon.

Dr. Melicliar thus differentiates this genus. "Tibife compressed
and moderately widened. Differs from Oxyrhacliis by the absence
of the lateral processes to the jH-onotum, while the posterior
process is broad at base, narrowed like an awl behind and
straight. In this respect the genus comes near Garr/ara, while
in OA')jrh(cMs the hinder portion of the posterior projection is
strongly laterally compressed with the apex directed either up or
down."

I'llO. Oxyrhachidia inermis, stSi (Oxyrhachis), Ofo. Vcf.-Ah. Fiirh.
18l)9, p. 283; Melich. (Oxyrliacliidia) Horn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 118 (1903).

Eerruginous-brown ; central pronotal carination, medial area of
posterior pronotal process, abdomen beneath and legs bro\A^nish-
ochraceous ; tegmina hyaline, venation oehraceous ; pronotuni
convex, punctate ; posterior process almost reaching apex of

Fig. 4. — Oxyrhachidia incnii/s.

tegmina, tricarinate above, tlie central carination continued
through pronotum, narrowest at a little bej^ond base, posteriorly
ampliated beneath where it is both above and beneath margined
with fuscous ; tegmina opaque and punctate at base.

Length 6.7 to 74 millim.

Ilab. Ceylon (Coll. Signer et)

I am indebted to Dr. Handlirsch for the opportunity of figuring
this species
collection.

The Vienna Museum now contains the Signoret

Genus XIPHISTES.

Xiphistes, Stdl, Hem. Afr. iv, pp. 83 & 80 (1860) ; id. Ofv. Vet.-Ak.
Fork. 1869, p. 280.

Type, X. farcicornis. Germ., a South-African species.

Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Regions.

Lateral angles of the pronotum variably produced in lengtli.

xipnisTES. y

tlie processes three-cornered or tricarinate ; posterior process
long, tricarinate or three-cornered, ahnost reaching the apex of the
interior mai'gin of the tegmina, but not ampliately compressed
beneath as in Oxijrhacliis, above with a central carinate line which
is continued on the pronotum ; wings with four apical areas; sides
of the pro- and mesonota armed with a small spine or tooth ;
tibia? compressed and moderately dilated.

This has hitherto been regarded as an Ethiopian genus, but the
following Oriental species must be included in it.

2111. Xiphistes nnicolor, Wall;. (Oxvrhachis) List Horn, ii, p. oOO
(18.31); uUkins. J. A. S. B. liv,'p. 78 (1885).

Ferruginous, shortly pilose ; tegmina subhyaline, with the
venation dull testaceous ; pronotal angles longly, subacutely and
longitudinally produced, moderately divergent, as seen from in
front more upwardly directed ; posterior process tricarinate,
apically a little recurved, terminating at the posterior angle of
the inner margin of tegmina; femora black, their apices and the

Fig. 5. — A'ijjk/sfes unicolnr.

tibia? and tarsi testaceous ; base of tegmina coarsely punctate ;
pronotum thickly but finely punctate.

Length including lateral pronot. process. 10 millim.

JIab. " East Indies " (Parrif, Brit. JIas.).

SuM'amilv II. CENTROTIN.E.

Nudiscuti, Ami/. Si- Scrv. Hem. p. o49 (1843).

.Tassida, subfam. Centrodida, ^tdl, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 83 (1866) ; id.

(part) Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fiirh. 1869, p. 280.
Centrotina, Stdl, Ofc. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 7i>7.
Centrotinse, Fowler, Biol. Centr.-Am., Bltymlt. Horn, ii, p. •"! (1894J :

Goding, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, xxviii, p. 5 (1903).

Scutellum distinct, moi'e or less uncovered, produced beyond
metanotum, and furnished with acute apical angles.

This subfamily is not, however, one of rigid diagnosis, foi', as in
the division CoccosterpJiusaria, there is no complete scutellum.

10 MEMBRACID.E.

Division HYPS A UCHENIARIA.

Head almost triangular ; pronotum without lateral processes
but produced upwards in a compressed process generally curved
backward \\itli its apex bilobed ; sides of pro- and mesosterna
armed with a small lobe or tooth.

Synoims of Genera.

A. Posterior pronotal process lobately elevated

before apex IIypsauchenia, p. 10.

B. Posterior pronotal process slender, straight,

without a subapical elevation IIybanda, p. 13.

Genus HYPSAUCHENIA.

Ilvpsauchenia, Germ, in Silb. Bev. Ent. iii, p. 230 (1835) ; Amy. S^-
'Serv. Hem. p. 535 (1843) ; Fainn. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 184G,p. 520 ;
StSl, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 86 (1866) ; id. Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1860,
p. 280; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 80 (1885). .

Type, H. hardtvicli, W. Kirby.

Distribution. Oriental Eegion.

Head almost triangular, trilobed towards extremity ; pronotum
shorter than the tegmina, without lateral processes, but produced
npward in a compressed process generally curved backward with
its apex bilobed ; posterior process apically oue-lobed, slender,
narrow at base, narrower than the scutellum which is visible,
and before apex angularly upwardly |)roduced ; tegmina extending
considerably beyond the abdominal apex, their apical margins
obliquely truncate, their apical angles longly produced ; tibia?
simple, not dilated ; sides of pro- and mesosterna armed with a
small lobe or tooth.

(jrermar gave as his type //. baUista from Demerara. Fairmaire,
however, satisfied himself that the habitat was erroneous aud that
the species was a synonym of H. har</wicl-i, W. Kirby.

2112. Hypsauchenia hardwicki, W. Kirby (Centrotns), A. M. N. H.

ii, p. 21, f. iib (1829) ; Fairm. (Ilvpsauchenia) Ann. Soc. Ent.

Fr. 1846. p. 520, t. iii, ff. 20, 21; Atkins. J. A. S. B. hv,

p. 80 (1885) ; Buckt. Mon. Memhrac. p. 210, t. xlvi, f. 3, a, b

(1903).
llypsanchenia ballista, Germ, in Silb. Bev. Ent. iii, p. 231 (1835).
Var. tloralis, Bnekt. Mon. Membrac. p. 210 (1903).
Var. pygmren, Buckt. tom. cit. p. 211, t. xlvii, f. 1 (1903).

Piceous ; tegmina and legs brownish-piceous ; pronotum granu-
lose, its discal process curved backward, tricarinate above, apically
bilobed ; the lobes broad, wrinkled, basally broadly separated and
there enclosing a circular space, their apices with a slight slender

nYPSAUCHEXIA.

11

projection, nearly but not reaching the tegminal apices ; tegmma
for about two-thirds broadly laterally punctate ; tibi^ and tarsi a
little paler than femora.
Length 7 to 8 millim.

m^'

w^

^^

"'i^

M^J

j-jg, Q,—Hypsauchenia hardwicki.

Hah. Sikhim. ^^aga Hills (i)o7i(?W^) ; Khasi Hills (JbrtZan) ;
Assam and Nepal {fide Atkinson)-, Darjiling {CoU. DisU). J:'egu

(Coll. Bucldon). , . , .

I possess Buckton's type of H. f oralis, which is now nn-
fortunately in a somewhat mutilated condition, but there is little
doubt that he was quite right in surmising that it was a variety ot
Kirby's species ; the var. pViimcm is a smaller and paler torm
of the species.

2113. Hypsauchenia siibfusca, BucM. Mon.3£embrac. p. 211, t. xlvi,

Ilv'piuchenia hardwickii, Fairm. {nee Kirby) Ami. Soc. But. Fr.
1846, p. ry20, t. iii, ff. '20, 21.

Fig. ~ .—Hyj)saiichcnia ^iihfiiac-a.
Allied to H. Txardwiclci but differing principally in the following

12

MEMBRACIDiE.

characters : — tlie subapical angular elevation to tlio posterior
process is narrower and more acute ; the apical lobes to the discal
pronotal process are narrower and more elongate, while tlie space
which se])arates them at base is ovate and not circular; in other
respects the characters are almost entirely similar.

Length 7 to 8 miilim.

Hah. Assam (CoU. iJist.). Sikhim {Indian Mas. 4' Call. Vlst.).

I have seen a long series of this species aud the differential
characters are constant.

2114. Hypsauchenia imcinata, Stdl, Ofv. Vet.- Ale. Fork. 1869,
p. 1^8;]; Atkins. J. A. 8. B. liv, p. 80 (188o).

Obscurely ferrugiuous-ochraceous, pubescent ; dorsal process of

the pronotum bending a little
^^^ for\A"ard, posteriorly sub-

's ^ -J^ lobate, acuminate and re-

curved at the a])ex ; tegmina
punctured before the middle,
pellucid behind the middle ;
the anterior process is
much shorter and differently
formed from other species
of this genus ; pronotum
punctulate, furnished an-
teriorly with a compressed
dorsal process, somewhat
shorter than the posterior process, bending a little forward,
posteriorly roundl)' ampliated a little above the middle, apex
slender, acuminate and much recurved; posterior process somewhat
elevated behind the middle; tegmina moderately densely I'eticulated
behind the middle.
Length $ 8 miilim.

Hah. JN.E. India {fide Stdl). Pussumbing, Darjeeling {Mann,
Ind. Mus.). Nepal ; Nagorkote {Hodr/art, Tnd. Mas.).

Often specimens of this species from ants' nests on trees
{Hodgart).

The figure is taken from a cotype in the Stockholm Museum,
for which I owe my thanks to Dr. Chr. Aurivillius. Mr. H.
H. Maun found this species near Darjeeliug on Ci/pJtoniandra aud
on Artemisia.

Fig. 8.

-HTjjJsaucItcnia uncinata.

2115. Hypsauchenia gibbosa, sp. n.

Rufous-bro\Mi, lateral and apical areas of the tegmina paler, the
latter spriukled with small ^hite spots ; dorsal process of the
pronotum raised and directed a little forward as in //. uncinata but
its apex bilobed ; the lobes short, narrow, not roundly amphated,
recurved and almost meeting posteriorly; posterior process slender,
up\Aardly strongly serrate, and ^^ ith a large, fiat, broadly conical

HYBANDA.

13

subapical protuberance, the surface of u liich is widelv reticulate,
the apex moderately long and slender, reaching the apex of the
inner margin of the tegmiua ; tegmina thickly punctate at base
and to beyond middle, strongly wrinkled on disk, the apical area
paler, reticidate and sprinkled with small ^\hite spots.

Length 7 millim.

Hah. Burma; Kuby Mines (7)o7<e/-^y).

Genus HYBANDA, nov.

Type, H. anodonta, Buckt.

Distr Unit Ion. Oriental Eegion.

Allied to If 'Ipsa ucJw Ilia but differing principally by the structure
of the posterior process, which is uniformly slender and without a
subapical erection. Ocelli about as far apart from eyes as from
each other ; dorsal process of the pronotum variable, recurved as
in Hupsauchenia, sometimes centrally globose as in //. bidbosa,
Buckt., apically bilobate or bifurcate; posterior process slender,
centrally and laterally carinate, attenuated towards apex, not
reaching tegminal apex.

At present I am only acquainted with two species which belong
to this genus, both found in the Malay Peninsula where thev
appear to be abundant, at least at Perak, and one of which is
recorded from Assam.

Another allied genus, Pyrrjauclienia, Bredd., has been described
from Celebes.

2110. Hybanda anodonta, BucJd. (Ilypsauchenia) Mon. Membrac.
p. '212, t. xlvii, f. 2 (1903).

Puscous-bro\vn ; apical ai-ea of tegmina brownish-ochraceous ;

underside of body and the
legs usually dark testaceous;
pronotum punctate and sub-
rugulose, the dorsal process
long, posteriorly and up-
wardly inclined, its apex
bilobed, the lobes elongate
and somewhat narro\\- and
only narro\\ly divided at
base ; posterior process not
elevated, long, narrow, finely
dentate above ; tegmina
coarsely punctate to a little
beyond middle, inner apical
margin wrinkled; eyes pro-
Fig. 9. — Hybanda anoJunla. mineut and piceous.

Length 7 to 8 millim.

Hab. Assam {fide Buclton). — Malay Peninsula, Perak (Doherti/).

14 MEMBEACID^.

Genus MAGUVA.
Maguva, Melich. Horn. Fmm. Ceylon, p. 109 (1903).

Type, il/. lion-ida, Melich.

Distribution. Ce3don.

"Lateral horns lougly and obliquely directed upward, curved
and sharply pointed at apices, compressed, the front and hind
edges keeled, tfie upper surface with two keels, the lower \\'\i\\ one
longitudinal keel ; the posterior process smooth, laterally com-
pressed, rectangulated, the projecting branch wideued in middle
and beneath, the laminate widening provided behind with a short
tooth, the sides of the projection furnished with a keel, the upper
ridge of the projection produced as a middle keel on the prouotum;
tegmina strongly transversely wrinkled, with four apical veins ;
legs moderately long." {Melicliar.)

I have refrained from proposing a divisional section for this genus,
of which I have no personal knowledge.

2117. Maguva horrida, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceijlon,]). 109, t. ii, f. 21
(1903).

" Head and pronotum dark brown, deeply punctured, with short,

scanty, depressed, yellowish pubescence;
pronotum dirty yellow at base and
thickly punctured ; tegmina strongly
wrinkled, rusty-brown; along the costal
margin deeply punctured and rather
darker coloured with short yellowish
hairs in the points ; wings hyaline.
Fig. \0.— Maguva horrida. smoky brown, with pitchy-brown

veins ; legs pitchy-brown ; abdomen
black." (Melicliar.)

Length $ 9 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 7 millim.

Bcih. Ceylon.

I have not seen this species and therefore reproduce Dr.
Melichar's description and figure.

Division MICREUNARIA.

Scutellum longer than broad, apically acuminate ; sides of pro-
and mesosterna unarmed ; pronotum posteriorly or discally more
or less elevated ; tibiae rarely dilated ; wings with four apical
areas.

The name of this division is derived from Micreune, Walk., a
Malayan genus.

LEPTOBELUS. 15

Syno2'>sis of Genera.

AJ

A. Pronotum strongly discally elevated Leptobelvs, p. lo.

V>. Pronotum not strongly discally elevated.

a. Pronotal posterior process strongly elevated

at base Maaebarus, p. 16.

h. Pronotal posterior process curved, but not
strongly elevated at base.
a. Veins to apical areas of tegmina straight

or nearly straight Telixgaxa, p. 17.

h. ^'eins to apical areas of tegmina curved
inwardly.
d'. Anterior pronotal processes produced

laterally PARArOGOX, p. '22.

h'. Anterior pronotal processes longly pro-
duced horizontally ' Bathoutha, p. 23.

Genus LEPTOBELUS.

Leptobelus, Sm, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 86 (1800) ; id. Ofv. Vet- Al: Fork.
1869, pp. 1^80 & i'S4 («) ; Aikins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 81 (1885). ^

Type, L. dama, Germ.

Distribution. Oriental Kegion.

Face Mitboiit a lateral lobe, gradually narrowed ; sides of the
sternum unarmed ; pronotum with the disk elevated, the elevated
portion armed on each side with a transverse spinous process,
and posteriorly with a slender process \\hich is extended parallel
with but high above the body ; scutellum longer than broad,
gradually but strongly narrowed toward the apex which is shghtly
and narro\^ly obtusely or subsinuately truncated ; exterior
discoidal area of tegmina petiolated; wings with four apical areas;
tibite slightly dilated.

1^118. Leptobelus dama. Germ. (Centrotus) w Silb. Bev. Ent. iii,
p. 258 (1835) ; Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1846, p. 510, t. iii,
f. 14; sm (Leptobelus), Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. 1866, p. 386;
Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 81 (1885).

Head, pronotum, and scutellum black ; posterior area of

Fig. 11. — Lciduhdui^ dama.
pronotum, base of scutellum, and apical margins of face densely

16

MEMBEACID.E.

cretaceously sericeous ; legs and abdomen beneath black, the first
more or less greyishlj pilose, the latter more distinctly so; tegmina
pale bronzy, the base black, follo\\ed by a large transverse dull
ochraceous spot ; prouotuin thickly and somewhat coarsely
punctate, the discal transverse processes seen from behind more
prominently recurved than when viewed in front, their apices
acute, the posterior process curved and a little undulated, strongly
tricarinate above ; scutellum beyond the cretaceous base finely
thickly punctate ; black basal area of tegmina thickly coarsely
punctate.

Length 9.4 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 5 millim.

Hah. India {fide Fairmnire). — Java.

2119. Leptobelus gazella. Fair?)}. (Centrotus) A)m. Soc. Frit. Fr.
1840, p. 510 ; tUtM (Leptobehis), Ferl. Ent. Zeitschv. x, p. 380
(1800) ; Atliiis. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 81 (1885) ; Buckt. (Leiito-
ceiitrus) Monoyr. Membmv. p. -135, t. liii, f. 5 a (1903).

Indigo-black ; legs castaneous ; tegmina brownish-ochraceous,
dark castaneous at base ; pronotuin and its processes thickly
punctate, lateral processes wide, recurved, three-cornered or
tricarinate, posterior process almost straight, centrally and

llg. 12. — Leptobelus ga:ellu.

laterally carinate, the central. carination continued throughout the
pronotimi ; scutellum elongate, more or less white at base (this
character is to be best seen in fresh specimens) ; tegmina with the
apical area distinctly wrinkled ; tarsi paler than tibia^ ; pronotum
finely palely pilose.

Length 8 to 10 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 6 millim.

Hah. Assam {Coll. Dlst.) ; Naga Hills {Dohertij). Burma ; Euby
Mines {DoJierty).

Genus MAARBARUS, nov.

Type, M. Imhalus, Kirby.

JJistnhvtioii. Ceylon .

Scutellum exposed, elongate, subtrinngular, considerably longer
than broad ; pronotum with two curved lateral processes ; the
posterior process obliquely rising from base of pronotum and then
straightly obli(iuely turned downward, not reaching apex of

TELINGAXA.

17

tegmina, its apical portion becoming gradually aciiiniuate; tegmina
with four apical areas; wings with four apical areas ; tibiiB simple.

2120. Maarbarus biibalus, Kirhj (Centrotus), ,/. Linn. Soc, Zoal.
xxiv, p. 167 (1891) ; Melich. (Platybelus) ILovi. Faun. Ccyion,
p. ] 20 (1903).

Black ; lateral margins of the pronotum and sternum and base
of scutellum ochraeeously sericeous; anterior legs testaceous,
intermediate and posterior legs stramineous, apices of tibiae and
tarsi piceous ; tegmina stramineous, the base, costal area to beyond
middle, a costal apical spot and a transverse spot near inner

Fig. lo. — Maarbarus bubaliis.

angle, black ; pronotum somewhat coarsely punctate, the lateral
processes strongly recurved and apically acuminate, distinctly
carinate ; posterior process compressed, centrally and laterally
carinate, the central cariuation continued through pi-onotum ;
scutellum beyond base coarsely punctate ; tegmina with the black
basal and costal areas coarsely punctate.

Length '5^ ; breadth lat, pronot. process. 5 millim.

Hah. Ceyfon (Lewis); Pundaluoya, Maskeliya (Green).

2121. Maarbarus? cinctus, Bmld. (Leptoceutnis) Monoyr. Membrac.
p. 236, t. liii, f. 8, a, b (1903).

I can find no trace of this species in the Buckton Collection.
Judging from the figure it may probably belong to this genus.

" Small and slender, with rather erect and sharp suprahumerals.
Posterior horn rising erect from the dorsum and then reflected as a
thin and free process to the tip of the tegmina. Colour brown,
with a broad and white tomentose band at the margin of the
pronotum, which band is continued below the abdomen and covers
the coxae. Tegmina rather slender, with broad yellow neuration,
narrow apicals, and with no limbal border. I could only count
two discoidal areas, but an exact mapping out of venation in many
species of the Centrotidae is hardly attainable." (Duchtoa.)

" Size 7x3 millim."

Hah. "Calcutta."'

Genus TELINGANA, nov.
Leptobelus, sect, ao, h, Stdl, Ofc. Vet.-Al; Fiirh. 1809, p. 284.

Type, T. curvispina., Stfd.
Distribution. Oriental Region.

VOL. IV. C

18

IMEMBliAClD^.

Principally differing from Lejitohdus by the non- or little
elevated disk of the proDOtuin and the distinctly curved posterior
process. Pronotum \\ith a transverse curved lateral ])rocess on
each side, the posterior process very distinctly tricarinate ;
scutellum elongate, triangular, as in Leptohelus.

A. Lateral pronotal j^t'oc^sscs curve J.

211^2. Telingaiia cnrvispina, Stdl (Leptobelus), Ofr. J'rt.-Ak. Fork.
1800, p. 289; 3IelicJ/. Horn. Faun. CeyUm, p. 115 (1903).
Leptocentrus imitator, Bucht. Monocjr. Membrac. p. 234. t. liii,
f. 2, a (1903).

Black; lateral margins of pronotum and sternum, and bases
of scutellum densely ochraeeously sericeous ; tegmina dark shining
stramineous, apical area dark ocliraceous, the whole of the costal

■•JuKjuiia cin'vi^puia.

area, the radial area beyond middle and base of claval area black ;
posterior tibia? ochraceous ; pronotum punctate, the lateral processes
transverse and recurved, a little upwardly raised, their apices
subacute ; posterior process curved downward from near base,
ab()\e very strongly tricarinate, the central carination continued
throughout pronotum ; scutellum nearly twice longer than broad,
finely punctate ; tegmina strongly punctate on the black basal
and anterior areas.

Length 7| ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 4| millim.

ifah. Ceylon : Maskeliya ( Green).

2123. Telillgana paria, Fainn. (Centrotus) uhm. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1846,
p. ol3 ; Atldns. J. A. S'. B. liv, p. 83 (1885).

Head and pronotum ferruginous-brown or pale castaneous ;
scutellum (excluding apex) and lateral areas of sternum cretaceously

Fig. 15. — Tcl'ltujana paria.

sericeous ; abdomen beneath greyishly pilose ; legs brownish-
ochraceous ; tegmina verv pale ocliraceous, subhyaline, opaque

TELINGANA.

19

and punctate at base; prouotum thickly and some a bat coarsely
punctate ; lateral transverse processes as seen from above some-
what short, recurved, strongly carinate near middle, apices obtusely
acute, anterior margins ridged, as viewed in front more slender
and less strongly recurved ; posterior process slender, well separated
from scutellum at base, above tricarinate, its apex acute and
almost touching tegmina near tlie posterior angle of the inner
margin, the central carination more finely continued through
pronotum; legs normal.

Length 5k ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3 millim.

Mab. N. Bengal (Brit. Mus.).

2124. Telingana canescens, Buckf. (Leptocentrus) Monogr. Memhrac.
p. 234, t. liii, f. 1 (1903).

Black ; lateral margins of pronotum, sternum and abdomen
beneath, and the whole of the scutellum densely ochraceously
sericeous ; intermediate and posterior tibiae and the apices of the
femora ochraceous ; tegmina bronzy-yellow, the anterior area and
base of claval area black ; prouotum punctate, subgranulose ; the
lateral processes broadly, transversely and a little upwardly
extended, their apices recurved and subacute, above tricarinate ;
posterior process long, almost reaching apex of tegmina, moderately
curved from near base, above tricarinate, the central carination
continued throughout pronotum ; tegmina coarsely punctate at
base and to about middle of anterior area.

Length 8 to 9 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. millim.

Hah. Sikhim ; Mungphu {Atl-inson). Tenasserim ; Myitta
(DoJiertif).

Buckton described his species as from " Honduras." This is
clearly owing to a \\rong habitat having been given to him with
the type specimen, which is now in my own collection.

2125. Telingana capistrata, sp. u.

Piceous-black ; lateral margins of the pronotum and a central
longitudinal discal fascia to same divided by a dark carinate line,

Fig. U). — Telingana cajnstrata.

scutellum and intermediate and posterior tibiae ochraci'ous :
tegmina bronzv. inner apical margin bevond clavus and costal

c2

20

MEMBBACID,?;.

area beyond middle piceous-black; veius dark castaneous ; prouotum
grauulose, the lateral processes strongly recurved and centrally
and laterally carinate above ; posterior ])rocess strongly curved
from base to near apex, slender, apically attenuated, centx-ally and
laterally carinate above ; tegmina with the basal and costal dark
areas punctate.

Length 8 to 10| ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 5k to 6 millim.

Hub. Assam ; Margherita {Atlcinson Coll.). Burma ; Kuby
Mines (Doherty).

2126. Telingana decipiens, A7?% (Centrotus), /. imw. Soc, Zool.
xxiv, p. 165 (1891) ; Motsch. ( Walk. MS.) Bull. Soc. Nut. Mosc.
xxxvi (3) p. 96 (1863); Melich. (Leptocentrus) Horn. Farm.
Ceylo7i, p. 117 (1903).

Head, pronotum, and scutelluni black ; lateral margins of pro-
notum, base of scutelliim, and the sternum cretaceously sei'iceous ;
legs testaceous ; abdomen beneath black, more or less cretaceously

Fig. 17. — Tc?iii(/a/ia dccijiicns.

pilose; tegmina pale bronzy, base and costal area black; pronotum
thickly punctate, centrally longitudinally carinate ; the transverse
processes tricarinate above, apically subacute, seen from behind
distinctly recurved, viewed in front almost obliquely straight ; the
posterior process curved near base and directed downward,
tricarinate above ; scutellum beyond cretaceous base thickly finely
punctate ; black basal and costal areas of tegmina thickly coarsely
punctate.

Length 6 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3k millim.

Hah. Ceylon (Brit. Mus.).

2127. Telingana flavipes, Kirby (Centrotus), J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv,
p. 165 (1891).
Centruchus atricoxis, Melich. (part.) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 113
(1903).

Head and pronotum black, somewhat thickly greyishly pilose ;
scutellum, lateral margins of pronotum, and sternum greyishly
sericeous ; legs ochraceous, extreme apices of tibiae and apices of
tarsi piceous ; abdomen beneath more or less greyishly sericeous ;
tegmina pale castaneous, the base and costal area piceous ;
pronotum punctate ; the lateral processes as seen from behind

TELINGANA.

21

recurved, as viewed from the front less promineutly so, above
vi'ith a stroDg central carinatioii, their apices subacute ; posterior

Fig. 18. — Tdbujana fla vipes.

process recurved from near base, above tricarinate, the central
carinatiou continued through pronotum ; tegmina with the piceous
areas coarsely punctate and slightly pilose.

Length 6| ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 5 millim.

Hah. Assam ; Margherita (Coll. Dist.). Ceylon ,; Kandy,
Peradeniya, Nawalapitya (Green).

Melichar (supra) has included this species as a synonym of
Centruchus atricoxis, Kirby, probably from its describer having
stated that it might prove to be a variety of that species. The
two species are, however, not congeneric.

B. Lateral pronotal processes almost ohliquely straight.

2128. Telingana imitator, A7?i;/ (Centrotus),./. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv,
p. 107 (LS91); Melich. (Leptocentrotus) Hum. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 118(1903).

Indigo-black ; lateral margins of pronotum and sternum, and
base of scutellum cretaceously sericeous ; legs pale ochraceous ;
tegmina stramineous ; base and about basal half of costal area
black ; pronotum thickly finely punctate, the lateral processes

TeliiKjatiu imitator.

obliquely straight, a Kttle directed backward ; posterior process
curved, considerably shorter tlian tegmina, centrally and laterally
carinate above, the central carination continued through pronotum ;
scutellum longer than broad, coarsely punctate ; tegmina coarsely
punctate on the black area at base and on costal area.

Length 5 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 2| millim.

Hah. Ceylon; Pundaluoya (&r<?m).

22 MEMBRACID^.

2129. Telingana pallipes, Sm (LeptoMus), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1869,

p. 284 ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 82 (188o).

" Black, distinctly punctate ; lateral margins of pronotum and
sternum, and base of scutellum densely ochraceoasly sericeous ;
tegmina sordidly vinaceous, base of clavus, entire costal area and
radial area at base and outwardly beyond middle black, punctate ;
lateral processes of pronotum slender, moderate, gradually
acuminate, straight, turning outwards, above uniearinate, beneath
bicarinate ; posterior process slightly curved towards the base,
thence stx^aight, distant from the scutellum ; legs yellow-ferru-
ginous.

" Like T. curvispina, Stal, but lateral processes of pronotum
shorter, moi'e slender, turning outwards, very little upward ;
posterior process not reaching the apex of the scutellum; face
narrower at apex." (Stdl.)

"Length 5 to 5| ; breadth 2 millim."

Hah. India (Jide Stdl).

Genus PARAPOGON, nov.

Type, P. Jcanch/iana, Dist.

Ilab. Ceylon.

Allied to Telinr/ana, from M'hich it differs by the veins to the
apical area of the tegmina being strongly curved inwardly as in
the genus Pogon. Apart from this character and the produced
lateral processes of the pronotum, Parapogon has a strong super-
ficial resemblance to Machosrotypus.

2130. Parapogon kandyiana, sp. n.

Head and pronotum black, finely, shortly, palely pilose ; a spot
on each side of base and another near apex of scutellum
cretaceously sericeous ; basal margin of front of pronotum and
some angulate markings on its posterior lateral areas, lateral
margins of clypeus, and sternum and abdomen beneath more or

Fig. 20. — Parapogon kandyiana.

less cretaceously sericeous ; legs testaceous ; tegtniua subhyaline ;
base and anterior area for about two-thirds the length and a spot
on inner margin near end of clavus piceous, finely palely pilose,
the whole inner area bronzy, the apex hyaline ; pronotum finely
punctate ; the lateral processes as seen from above slender, very
slightly upturned and moderately directed backward, apices acute;

UATIIOUTHA.

23

posterior process obliquely robust at base, tlieitce slender, oblique
and dull castaueous to apex, which passes the posterior angle of
the iuner margiu of tegmina.

Length 4; breadth lat. pronot. process. 2 millim.

Hah. Ceylon; Kan dy (G^rem).

Genus BATHOUTHA, no\ .

Type, B. indicans, AV^alk.

Distribution. Ceylon.

Pronotum long, posteriorly truncate, lateral auglos produced
anteriorly into longitudinal, slightly directed upward processes ;
posterior process emitted from near base, slender, curved, extended
well above scutelluin and tegmina, lateral posterior angles
subacutely prominent ; scutellum completely exposed, longer than
broad, centrally, finely longitudinally carinate ; tegmina with the
vinns to lateral areas curved inwardly, gradually widened from
base but apically subacutely narrowed ; legs simple ; eyes
prominent.

2131. Bathoutha indicans, Walk. (Oxvrhaehis) Ligf Hum., Suppl.
p. 128 (18.38) ; Mr'Uch. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 108 (1903).

Pronotum above and scutellum black ; thickly covered with
minute clusters of short pale greyish hairs ; front of pronotum,
face, sternum and abdomen beneath more or less cretaceously
sericeous ; tegmina piceous, becoming bronzy-brown on inner
and costal apical areas ; femora castaueous, their apices and the

Fig. 21. — Bathoutha wclkans.

whole of the tibiae and tarsi ochraceous ; lateral pronotal processes
as seen from above moderately slender, three-cornered, directed
almost longitudinally but a little upwardly and outwardly, their
apices outwardly broadened and concavely truncate ; posterior
process slender, tricarinate above, strongly curved and elevated
above both scutellum and tegmina, its apex finely acute and
slightly recurved ; scutellum with a fine central carination.

Length 7^ : breadth lat. pronot. process. 4 millim.

Hah. Ceylon {Brit. Mas.); Yatiyautota ((rj-een).

2-t

MEMBRACID.E.

Division A CANTIIOPH YESAIUA .

This division iucliules a few genera, mostly Neotropical, which
have a downward prolongation beneath the posterior pronotal
process, sometimes connecting it with the scutellum.

Synopsis of Genera*

A. Posterior pi'onotal process united with the

apex of scuteUum by a distinct perpen-
dicular prolongation Dograna, p. 24,

B. Posterior pronotal process impinging on

scutelhmi near its apex Indicopleustes, p. 25,

Genus DOGRANA, nov.

Type, Z). suffulta, Dist.

Distrihiitioii. Oriental and Malayan Regions.

Face moderately transversely globose bet\\'een the eyes ; ocelli
almost as far apart from eyes as from each other ; pronotum with
the anterior angles produced in transverse spinous ju'ocesses ; the
posterior process curved from base and united with the apex of
the scutellum, after which it is more straightly and more slenderly
continued to above the inner angle of the tegmina ; scutellum a
little longer than broad, its apex merged in the connecting support
of the posterior pronotal process ; tegmina with the claval area
long, the exterior claval vein united with claval margin beyond
middle, the arrangement of the veins and areas shown by fig. 22 ;
legs simple.

The Camiiylocentrus falco, Buckt.. from the Philippines belongs
to this genus.

2132. Dograna suffulta, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum black ; base of scutellum, lateral

i.'L.iX^-)

Fig. 22. — Dagrana xuffiilia.

margins of clypeus, and lateral margins of sternum cretaceously
sericeous ; abdomen beneath black ; legs testaceous ; tegmina

* Acavihophycii belongs to this division, but I have not seen a specimen of
the only species recorded from British India.

INDICOPLEUSTES

25

pale bronzy, the base black ; pronotum coarsely punctate, tlie
lateral transverse processes grooved above, their apices acute,
moderately recurved as seen from behind ; the posterior
process tricarinate above, the apical portion slender and some-
what testaceous in hue : sciitellum beyond the basal cretaceous
area, which is somewhat gibbous and bilobed, thickly punctate ;
tegmina with the blaclv basal area coarsely punctate and followed
by an obscure paler transverse fascia.

Length 7 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. Si millim.

Hah. Bombay (Di.von).

Genus INDICOPLEUSTES, no v.

Type, /. cdhomamlatus, Disl.

Distribution. Ceylon.

Pronotum somewhat long, posteriorly truncate, centrally
strongly longitudinally cariuate ; lateral transverse processes only
of moderate size, upwardly recurved ; the posterior process strongly
curved and raised above scutellum but impinging on it near its
apex, then narrowed and following the curve of the inner margin of
the tegmina of which its apex reaches the inner angle ; scutellum
almost fully exposed, nearly as long as broad ; tegmina with the
lateral areas inwardly curved (as in Por/on, Buckt.) ; legs simple.

2133. Indicopleustes albomaculatus, 8p. n.

Fuscous-brown, somewhat densely sprinkled with small tufts of
short pale hairs ; a small spot on each side of base of scutellum
and a spot at posterior angle of inner margin and another central
spot near end of radial area of tegmina, white ; lateral areas of
sternum cretaceously sericeous, abdomen beneath more sparingly
so ; lateral transverse pronotal processes somewhat short, broad,

Fig. 23. — Indkopleusfes ulhomacHlaitts.

upturned, almost centrally cariuate from about halfway from base,
the apex obtusely pointed ; posterior process strongly tricarinate
above, impinging on the scutellum at its apex ; tegmina with the
two lower apical areas pale fuliginous.

Length 4| to 5 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 2^ millim.

Hah. Ceylon; Peradeuiya (&'ree»).

26

MEMBSAClD.i;.

2134. Indicopleustes curvatiis, Melich. (Centi-otus) Ilom. Faun.
CvyloH, p. lli^ (1003).

"Small species, distinguished b)^ the remarkably strong wave-
like, curved, posterior spine process and the short, obliquely
truncated, transverse, lateral horns. Pitchy-brown, thickly punc-
tate, with very short yellowish hair ; the lateral processes rather
broad, prismatic, rising obliquely upward, truncated at end, front
angles rounded off, the hinder pointed ; posterior process prismatic,
sti-ongly curved at base so that there is a free space between the
scutellum, the middle of process impinging on scutellum and
thence ^\•ave-like, curved, the sharp point directed downward ; on
the prouotum a distinct middle keel losing itself in the upper
corner of the spine process ; tegmina pitchy-brown, thickly punc-
tux'ed at the base to half ; wings fuliginous : underside pitchy-
brown : anterior legs rusty-brown, intermediate and posterioi' legs
pale yellow." {Melichar.)

Ditibrs from 1. aJbomamlatus in the smaller size, truncate apices
to tlie lateral pronotal processes, different colour of the legs, etc.
The sternum and the base of the scutellum is cretaceously
sericeous.

Length 4 to 4^ ; breadtb lat. pronot. process. 3 millim.

Hah. Ceylon: Kandy, Peradeniya (6r';-(;fn).

Genus ACANTHOPHYES.

Acanthopliyes, St&l, Hem. Afric. iv, pp. 87 & 89 (1866); ul Ofi\
Vet.-Ak. Fiirh. 1869, p. 281 ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 84 (1885).

Ty]:)e, A. albijoennis, Stfil, a South-African species.*

DlstrUmtion. Ethiopian and Oriental Regions.

" Thorax nnich elevated between the lateral angles, very often
cornuted above the same angles ; posterior process remote from
the scutellum, bisinuate beneath, more or less amplified or lobed
in the middle, between the sinus, with the amplified part reaching
the dorsum of the abdomen or the apex of the scutellum ; tegmina
\\\i\\ five apical, two discoidal areas ; wings with four apical areas ;
tibia? simple." (Stal.)

2135. Acanthopliyes capra, Fubr. (Membiacis) Ent. Si/st. Suppl.
p. 514 (1798) ; id. (Centrotus) Syst. Ehi/rify. p. 20 (1803) ; >Stc7l
(AcaDth(iplnes),//ra^ Fahr. i'l, p. 50 (1S69); Atkins. J. A.
S. B. liv, p. 84 (1885j.

" Ferruginous-black or ferruginous, remotely flavesceut greyish-

* Stal, when he originally desei-ibed this genus, first mentioned tbe species
Centrotns hamifer, Fairni. and C. curvidens, Fairni. as belonging to it. Sub-
sequently (1869) he included both these species in his genus Campiilocoitrus.
It seems, therefore, necessary to take the Ethiopian A. aZ/tipciniis, StSl, as (vpe
of the genus AcanthophyrF..

LEPTOCENTRARIA.

27

sericeous, two small basal spots on scutellura and sides of sternum
very densely sericeous ; lateral pronotal processes depressed,
truncated, bicarinate above.

" Head between eyes a little shorter tban broad, beneath the
eyes abruptly and very much narrowed ; face gradually slightly
narrowed, subtruncate, freely produced downward for some
distance ; pronotum punctured, armed on both sides anteriorly
above the lateral angles with a depressed horn-like process, very
slightly narrowed towards the apex, truncated at apex, bicarinate
above and beueath ; anterior apical angle of the processes rounded,
posterior somewhat acute ; posterior process distinctly carinate,
very broadly sinuate in the middle above, a little amplified beneath
in the middle, reaching the apex of the scutellum, very slightly
decurved towards the apex ; tegmiua fuscous-feiTuginous or
ferruginous-grey, punctured at the base." (StdL)

Leugth 6| ; exp. lat. pronot. process. 4;^ millim.

Hab. Tranquebar.

I do not know this species.

Division LEPTOCENTBARIA.

Scutellum transverse, nearly equally long as broad, the apex
broad, sinuate or truncate, and on each side prominently dentate ;
wings with four apical areas.

Synopsis of Genera.

A . Veins to apical areas of tegmina straight.

a. Posteiior pronotal process remote from

scutellum.
a. Posterior pronotal process curved at base

and then obliquely directed downwai'd,

its apex touching or nearly touching tlie

posterior angle of inner tegminal margin ;

sometimes passing it Leptockntrus,

h. Posterior pronotal process straight, not [p. 28.

curved at base, not obliquely directed

downward, its apex remote from tegmina

and scarcely reaching posterior angle of

inner tegminal margin XiLAt tama, p. •(2.

b. Posterior pronotal process robust, more or

less impinging on scutellum and inner
tegminal margin.
a. Pronotum more or less gibbous before base
of posterior process.
«'. Pronotal lateral processes in a con-
tinuous line with the crescentic anterior

margin of pronotum E.mi'HUsis, p. 36.

h'. Pronotal lateral processes d ivergent from

line of anterior margin of pronotum . . Centrotypus,
h. Pronotum not gibbous before base of [p. 33.

posterior process, but in a continuous
line with it Pkkiaman, p. 37.

28 membeacid.t:.

c. Posterior pronotal process slender, scarcely
or slightly elevated above scutellum, hut
as a rule not elevated above tegmina .... Otinoti s. p. 39.
B. Veins to apical areas of tegmina strongly

curved inwardly Pogon, p. 42.

Genus LEPTOCENTRUS.

Leptccentrus, StcV, Hem. Afr. iv. pp. 87 &.90 (1800) : id. Ofv. Vet.-
Ak. lor/i. 1809, p. 281 '; Atkh/s. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 85 (1885) ;
Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 116 (1903).

Type, L. bos. Sign., :i West-African species.

Distribvtion. Ethiopian and Oriental TIegions.

J^'ront of prouotum more or less obliquely prominent towards
face ; pronotum ■\\ itli anteriorly produced transverse processes ;
posterior process slender, tricarinate, emitted a little before the
posterior margin of the pronotum, well sepai'ated from thescutellum
and abdomen, sometimes, but seldom, posteriorly touching the
interior margin of the tegmina, neither sinuated beneath nor
medially amplified ; scutelkim transverse, nearly equally long as
broad, apically emarginate and of moderate size; tegmina with
five apical, two discoidal areas, none of them petiolated ; wings
with four apical areas ; tibire simple.

213G. LeptocentniS taurus, Fabr. (Membracis) Sj/sf. Fnt. p. 676
(1775): id. (Centrotus) Syst. llhyntj. p. 20 (1803); Oliv.
(Membracis)i?«e. Meth. vii, p. 665 (1792) ; <S7f?/ (Leptoceutrus),
Hem. Fabr. ii, p. 50 (1869); Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 85
(1885) ; Melick. How. Faun. Ceyfon, p. 116 (1903).

j\Ienibracis rupicapra, Fahr. Fitt. fiii/sf. Svppl. ]). 514 (1798) ; id.
(C'entrotus) Syst. lihyny. p. 18 (1803).

Membracis tricornis, Harda-. Zool. Jonrn. iv, p. 114, Suppl.
t. XXX, tf. c, rf, /'(1828).

Centrotus terminalis, Jl'a/k. List Hoin. ii, p. (504 (1851) ; Sfal,
Ofc. Vet.-Ak. Foi-h. 1862, p. 491; Melich. Horn. Faun. Cnjhni.
p. 109 (1903).

Centrotus vicarius, Walk. torn. cit. p. 605.

Leptocentrus gazella, i?//r/,7. Monaqr. Memhrao. p. 235, t. liii. f. 5«
(1903).

Head and pronotum black ; scutellum and sternal lateral
margins cretaceously sericeous ; body beneath black ; legs
castaneous, sometimes the femora piceous ; tegmina pale brouzy-
ochraceous, a narro^\" pale piceous subiuarginal streak beyond
middle of costa ; pronotum thickly coarsely punctate ; the trans-
verse lateral processes robust, strongly recurved, above tricarinate,
the central carination nearer posterior than anterior margin,
apices subacute ; the pronotal front and face in fresh specimens
are thickly palely ochraceously pilose ; posterior frontal process
strongly tricarinate above, curved and a])ically touching the interior
margin of the tegmina, the central carination continued through

LEPTOCENTRUS. 29

pronotum ; tegmiua narrowly opaque and punctate at base ; lateral
pronotal processes as seen in front apparently nnich narrower and
less recurved.

Length G to 8 ; breadth lat. proaot. process. 5 to G milliin.

Fig. 24. — Lrpfoceidrii!^ taurus.

Hah. Assam, Margherita {Atlcinson) ; Calcutta ; Sikhim {fide
Atlcinson) ; Tenasserim, Myitta (DoJierti/) ; Mergui. — Borneo (Coll.
Dist.); Timor {Coll. Biickton).

Melichar adds one of the following species, L. leucaspis. Walk., as
a synonym of this species, but he places terminalis Walk. = vicaritis,
Walk, in the genus Centrotus ; he had, however, probably not seen
these forms. Walker himself (List Hom. Suppl. p. 158) admitted
that his terminalis was a variet}^ of taurus.

Bucktou gives to the speciuien he identified as L. fjazella the
habitat Ceylon, but I cannot corroborate it.

2137. LeptOCentruS SUbstitutus, Walk. (Centrotus) Li^t Hom. ii,

p. 60-5 (1851) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 87 (1885) ; Melich.

Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 110 (1903).
Centrotus flexicome, Walk. Ins. Saund., Hom. p. 78 (1858) ;

Atkins. (Centrotus ?) J. A. S. B. Iv, p. 197 (1886).
Centrotus obliquus, Walk. Ins. Saund., Kom. p. 79 (1858) ; Atkins.

(Centrotus :') /. A. S. B. Iv, p. 197 {'. "

Closely allied to L. taurus, Fabr., but smaller ; posterior
pronotal process less arched at base and more obliquely straight,
the lateral transverse posterior processes less prominently recurved
and their apices less acute. These characters appear to be
constant, and I have seen a very long series of specimens from
Ceylon.

Length 6 to 6| ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 4^ to o millim.

Hah. North Bengal {Brit. Mas.) ■ Ca\cntta{ColL~Dlst.) ; Bombay
(Dixon). Ceylon ; Peradeniya, Elephant Pass, Balangoda, Colombo,
Yatiyantota, Kelani Valley (Green).

The unique type of Walker's fiexicorae is in a mutilated
condition, but I have no doubt as to its identity.

" Frequents and breeds upon a thorny Capparis. Its larvae
mimic the thorns most effectively, as do also the adult insects.

30

MEMBEACIDA".

The former rest head downwards, tlie latter head upwards, thus
briugiiig the curve of tlieir spines in the right direction." {E.
E. Green in liti.)

2138. Leptocentrus reponens, IVa/k. (Centrotus) List 7/o>». ii, p. 604
(ISr^l) ; Atkins. (Leptoceiilrus) J.A.S.B. liv, p. 86 (1885);
Melidi. (Centrotus) Horn. Faun. Ceylun, p. 110 (1903).
Centrotus antilope, Sttd, Freq. Eiiq. Hem, Lis. p. 2S4 (1859) ; id.
(Leptocentrus) Ofc. Vet.-Ak. Forh. p. 727 (1870).

Head, prouotuni, and sciitellum black ; face thickly ochraceously
pilose ; basal two-thirds of seutellum and lateral areas of sternum
cretaceonsly sericeous ; abdomen beneath black, more or less
sparingly cretaceonsly sericeous ; legs piceous ; tegmina pale
bronzy, base piceons and punctate, basal costal margin narrowly
piceous.

Allied to the two preceding species but diflering by the shape
of the transverse pronotal processes, \\liich are much broader above
and somewhat foliaceously convex at their anterior margins.

Length G| ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 5 millim.

Hah. IS'orth Bengal {Brit. Mus.). Tenasserim ; Myitta
(JJoJiertij). — Sumatra ; Philippines.

Both Walker and Meliehar included this species in their
enumeration of Cingalese Membracida-, but I have found no
example in the extensive collection made of these insects in
Ceylon by Mr. Green.

21)59. Leptocentrus leucaspis, JJ'a/k. (Centrotus) i«< Mom. Snppl.
p. 158 (185N) ; Bvclct. (J^eptocentrus) Monoyr. Membrac. p. 235
t. liii, f. 3, a, h (1903).
Centrotus taurus, Walk, {nee Fabr.) List Horn, ii, p. 602 (1851).

Head, pronotum, and seutellum black ; basal two-thirds of
seutellum and lateral areas of sternum cretaceonsly sericeous ;
abdomen beneath black, legs piceous ; tegmina shining ochraceous,
the costal margin, obscure]y|at base, black; pronotum coarsely

Fig. 25.

'Lri^tocc'itirus leucai^jri^.

punctate; the lateral transverse processes slender, centrally
carinate above and somewhat strongly recurved ; the posterior
process tricariiiate above, recurved from near base and touching

LEPTOCENTRL'S, 31

the apex of the iutei-ior margiu of tegraiiia which are punctate at
base.

Length 7 to 1) ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 4.1 to 7 millim.

Hah. C\\a.tYii\)nv{8Uhhiu(i),'Dv\mJ)u.m.{Fmva). Ceylon; Kandy,
Pundaluoya, MaskeHya, Peradeniya {Green). — Philippines {Coll.
Dlst.).

This and the following species L. mejihistopJieles are to be
distinguished by the long and slender lateral transverse
pronotal processes.

2140. Leptocentnis mephistopheles. IJucJ.i. Momx/r. Membrac.

p. 235, t. liii, f. 4 (1903).

Buckton thus describes this species : — " This insect differs from
L. lei'cas/ns in wanting the white tomentose patches on tlu^
dorsum and in the browner colour of the pronorum. The
abdomen of the male is stout and ringed and the pronotal
posterior is shorter and rather more curved. The supra-humerals
are somewhat slender, but variation is common as to their
curvatui'es. The tegmiua are hyaline."

Buckton's unique type is now in my possession but in a
mutilated condition ; t:he colour of the legs is a distinctive
character as compared with L. leucaspis, very pale ochraceous, the
femora (excluding apices) and the apices of the tarsi piceous ; the
tegmina are pale ochraceous, subhyaline ; otherwise it seems (so
far as a crushed specimen allows comparison to be made) to
conform to the general characters of Walker's species.

Length 8 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 5 millim.

Hah. kSikhim {Flicker).

2141. Leptocentnis longispinus, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, body beneath, and legs black, more or less
longly palely pilose ; base of scutellum and lateral areas of sternntn
cretaceously sericeous ; tegmina pale ochraceous, subhyaline.
extreme base and broad costal area to apex black; pronotum
coarsely punctate, somewhat thickly longly pilose on disk and
front ; the lateral processes very long, as seen from above moder-
ately regularly curved backward, prominently longitudinally
carinate near posterior margin, the anterior margin a little
upwardly recurved, apex subacute, as seen in front much narrower,
widely divergent, obliquely directed upward ; posterior process
slender, tricarinate, moderately curved to apex which passes the
posterior angle of the inner margin of tegmina, « idely separated
from scutellum, impinging on tegmina at apex, the central
carination iinely continued through pronotum ; face tliickly longly
pilose; tegmina punctate at base ; legs pilose.

Length 9; breadth lat. pronot. process. 9 millim.

Hab. Burma {Brit. Mus.).

A species to be recognized by the length of the lateral pronotal
processes.

32 MEMBBACID^i:.

'2142. Leptocentrus UStus, Buclf. Monorjr. Membrac. p. L>36, t. liii,
f. 7 (1!X)3).

The type of this species is not to be found in the Bucktou
collection. The description is as follows : — " 8mall, nearly black
in colour. Posterior horn very slender and thin at the base.
Tegmiua lustrous, with fine brown ueuration. Abdomen stout
and nearly as long as the tegmina. Tibia) slightly flattened.

" Size 5x3 mm."

Huh. " Ceylon, Madras."

2143. Leptocentrus insignis, sp. n.

Head and pronotum black ; scutellum, lateral margins of
pronotum, and the sternum cretaceously sericeous ; abdomen
beneath black, more or less cretaceously sericeous ; legs black,
apices of femora, the intermediate and posterior tibia? and the
tarsi (excluding apices) ochraceous ; tegmina ])ale bronzy, base and
costal area piceous ; pronotum thickh^ and finely punctate and
pilose, froutally palely pilose; lateral transverse processes somewhat
short, roundly recurved, tricarinate above, their apices subacute ;
posterior process slender, tricarinate above, obliquely recurved, the
central carination continued through pronotum ; face thickly palely
pilose ; tegmina with the basal and costal piceous areas thickly
punctate ; scutellum about as long as broad.

Length G to G4 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3| millim.

Hah. Nicobar Islands ; Nankauri (Rogers). — Borneo ; Muching
{Heivitt).

The type of this species is a Bornean specimen, that from the
jVicobars being somewhat mutilated. It may be distinguished by
the totally white scutellum and the broad lateral white margins to
the pronotum.

Genus NILAUTAMA, nov.

Type, K. tijpica, Dist.

Distribution. Tenassei'im.

Pi'onotum slightly elevated at base ; the lateral transverse
processes broad, robust, a little directed upward and very slightly
apically recurved, strongly cariuate behind middle ; posterior process
short, slender, emitted a little above base of pronotum, well elevated
above scutellum and continued a little obliquely upward, the apex
acute and almost extending to the point of the posterior angle of
the inner margin of the tegmina ; scutellum shorter than broad,
its apex emarginate ; tegmina ampliated towards middle and
obtusely angularly narrowed at apex, with four apical areas ;
legs simple.

2144. Nilautama typica, sp. n.

Head and pronotum black ; scutellum (excluding apex) and
lateral margins of sternum cretaceously sericeous ; legs pale
castaueous; tegmina bronzy-ochraceous ; costal area somewhat

CENTROXIPUS. 33

broadly black ; front of pronotum and face palely pilose ; pronotum
coarsely pmictate, lateral transverse processes as seen from above
broad, carinate behind middle, apex roundly truncate and a little

Fig. 26. — Xilaufama iyjnca,

recurved, as viewed in front narrow and obliquely upwardly
divergent ; posterior process tincarinate, apex acutely narrowed ;
teginina coarsely punctate at base.

Length 7 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 4| millim.

Hah. " India" (^>-ti. J/«s.). Tenasserim ; M.y\tt^ (Doherty).

Genus CENTROTYPUS.

Centrotvpus, StSl, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 88 (1866) ; id. Of v. Ve/.-Ak.
Jo/7/.' 1869, p. 281 ; Atkius. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 87 (1885).

Type, C. amplicornis, Stal, from Cambodia.

Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.

Face gradually narrowed from base, without basal lobes on each
side ; posterior pronotal process not siuuated on each side from
base to scutellum, never well separated from scutellum, gradually
narrowed and covering the wliole or almost the whole of the scu-
tellum ; posterior pronotal area distinctly centrally carinate, the
carination either not or very obsoletely continued anteriorly, where
it is replaced by a somewhat smooth line; sides of scutellum not
prominent ; scutellum only a little, seldom twice, as broad as the base
of the posterior pronotal process; tegmina with five apical areas,
costal and radial areas abbreviated at about the same distance
from base.

2145. Centrotypus flexuosus, Fabr. (Membracis) Ent. Sijst. iv, p. 12
(1794) ; id. (Centrotus) Syst.Rhym/.^. 18(180-3) : Fainn. Ann.
Soc. Ent. Fr. 1846, p. 516 ; Stdl (Centrotypus), Hem. Fabr. ii,
p. 51 (1869); id. Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forlt. 1869, p. 286; Atkin.'?.
J. A. S. B. liv, p. 87 (1885) ; Buckt. Monogr. Metnbrac p. 2-37,
t. liv, f. 1 (190.3).
Centrotus anchorago, Guer. Icon. Reg. An. t. lix, f. 4 (1829-44).

Pi'onotum very dark indigo-blue ; face, body beneath and legs
dull black, more or less thickly, shortly, palely pilose : tegmina
very pale ochraceous, the apical area broadly castaneous, the base
and costal and radial areas bluish-black ; pronotum coarsely
punctate ; the lateral transverse processes as seen from above
broad, laminate, wxnnkled, apically obliquely truncate, posteriorly

YOL. IV. D

34

MEMBRAClD.i:.

cariDate. as frontally vie\^"ecl narro\^- and apically up\Aardly
recurved ; posterior process uot detached from tegmiua, tricarinate,

Fig. 27.— Cent rot //p/is Jlcarnofus.

robust ; lateral areas oblique aud concave, coarsely punctate
betvreen the carinations.

Length 10; breadth lat. pronot, process. 8 to S^ uiillim.

Ilab. Sjlhet, Sikhim, Assam (Coll. Dist.). &)hilloug, Sibsagar
{Ind.Mus.). Burma; Kvvixkan {Coll. Dist.). Tenasserim : Myitta
(Doherti/). — Malacca {Castehiau, Buclion Coll.'). Perak {Dohertij).

2146. Centrotypus assamensis, Fainn. (C'entrotus) .4^;??. Soc. Eiit.
Fr. 184(), p. 517 ; Sm (Centrotypus), Of v. Vet.- Ah. Forli. 1869,
p. 286; Did. J. A. S. B. xlviii, p. 38 (1879); Atkins. J. A.
S. B. liv, p. 8S (1885).
Ceiitrotus costali.s, Wulli. Ins. Savnd., Horn. p. 82 (1858).

In general coloration this species is scarcely to be diflferentiated
from C. Jleamosns, but the lateral transverse pronotal processes are
less dilated, more convexly oblique and subacute apically, aud

Fifi. 28. — CeMti-ohjpa!' at-sttync/isi^.

above with a more or less distinct anterior, as well as a A'ery
distinct posterior carination. These transverse processes, while
thus to be always distinguished from those of C.JIexuostts, are still
variable in C. assameiisis in length and in apical recurvence.

Length lU to 11 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 8 to 9,} millim.

Hah. Assam {Coll. Dist.). Sikhim and Pankabar {Tnd. Mus.).
Burma; Kangoon (Co//, i^/s^). Tenasserim; MY\itfx {Doherty). —
Malay Peninsula ; Province Wellesle}^ {Distant). 8iam.

2147. Centrotypus seciiris, Buckt. Monoyr. Memhrac p. 238, t. liv,

f. 4 (lyo-'i).
Pronotum black : face thickly ochraceously pilose ; body beneath

CENTBOTYPUS. 35

and legs piceous, thickly ochraceously pilose ; tegmina shining
ochraceoLis, a broad subcostal longitudinal fascia occupying pos-
terior half of radial area and continued to apex, reaching costal
margin on apical area, black : pronotuni coarsely punctate ; the
lateral transverse processes long, somewhat broad and flat, tri-
carinate, the two posterior carinations closer together, apex broad,
roundly oblique ; posterior process long, passing the exterior angle
of inner margin, punctate, tricarinate, apically acute ; tegmina
with the black apical costal area coarsely puuctate ; tarsi pale
castaneous.

Length 10; breadth lat. pronot. process. 10 millim.

Hah. Sikhim; Mungphu {Brit. Mus.). INaga Hills {Doherty).
Nilgiri Hills (^fl)»^jsoii). Bombay (Z^/.ron). Burma; Kuby Mines
{DoherUj),

This species can be easily separated from the preceding two by
the longer and tricarinate transverse pronotal processes, the longer
and more apically acute posterior process, and the different colour
of the tegmina.

2148. Centrotypiis ortus, sp. n.

Head and pronotum black, apical margin of pronotal front and
the face ochraceously pilose ; body beneath and legs fuscous ;
tegmina shining ochraceous, costal area from base to apex black ;
pronotum thickly finely punctate, anteriorly broad and rounded ;
lateral transverse processes short, moderately recurved, bicarinate,
the first carination about middle, the other behind it; posterior
process slightly raised above tegmina at base, tricarinate above, its
apex acute and reaching outer angle of interior margin ; tegmina
with the black costal area punctate.

Length 11 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 8 milhm.

Hah. Trivandrum {CoU. Hist.).

Eesembling C. secnris, Buckt., by the somewhat similar colour
of the tegmina, but to be recognized by the anteriorly broad
and rounded pronotum, the bicarinate transverse pronotal pro-
cesses, and the shorter posterior process.

2140. Centrotypus flavescens, sp. u.

Head, pronotum, body beneath and legs ochraceons, apices of the
lateral pronotal processes pale castaneous ; tegmina hyaline, the
venation ochraceous, base and the whole of costal and subcostal
areas from base to apex very pale castaneous ; pronotum coarsely
punctate ; the lateral processes longly pi'oduced, moderately broad,
apically recurved, centrally longitudinally carinate behind middle,
apex oblique ; posterior process becoming gradually narrower from
base to apex, which passes the posterior angle of the inner margin
of tegmina, laterally and centrally carinate, the central carination
finely continued through pronotum ; tegmina distinctly pilose on
the darker opaque coloration at extreme base, and sometimes with
a small, transverse, pale castaneous spot near end of clavus.

d2

•36 MEMBRACID.i;.

Length 10 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 71 to 8 millim.

Hah. •' India " {Brit. Miis.).

Two specimens with no more precise locality than the above are
contained in the National Collection. The peculiar pale coloration
alone renders this species A-er'y distinct.

2150. Centrotypus asmodeiis, sp. n.

Black, legs brownish-ochraeeous ; tegmiua subhyaline, talc-like,
oblique basal ai*ea, costal and radial areas more or less black, apical
area and a spot near base bronzy-brown ; pronotum thickly, some-
what finely punctate ; lateral processes as seen from above
marginally laminate, w'iih. a strong carination before posterior
margin, apices narrov\ed and obliquely rounded, as viewed from
the front narrow and obliquely directed upward ; posterior process
much narrowed beyond middle, tricariuate above, the central
carination acutely raised, apex acute and very slightly passing the
posterior angle of the inner margin ; tegmina only punctate at
extx'eme base, the oblique blackish basal area occupying about one-
third of tegmen ; legs normal.

Length 6 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 4 millim.

Ilab. Tenasserim ; Myitta {Dohei-ty).

2151. Centrotypus ater, Buckt. Monoc/r, Membrac. p. 238, t. liv, f. .5
(1903).

This species is not to be found in the Bucktou Collection and I
can therefore only reproduce the original description.

" Whole pronotum dull black. Supraliumerals stout, broad,
acute and slightly recurved. Pronotum quite covers the abdomen
and legs. Tegmina with thick brown uervures, with the costal
areas brown and each with a dark triangular spot at the basal
margin ; the membrane otherwise is hyaline. The pronotum is
arcuate in front, but allows the head aud eyes to be visible above."
(Buchton.)

" Size 14 X 11 mm."

JIab. Burma ; Euby Mines {Doherty).

Genus EMPHUSIS.
Emphusis, Buckt. Monoyr. Membrac. p. 256 (1903).

Type, E. ohesus, Fairm., from Java *.

Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Eegions.

Buckton diagnoses this genus as follows : — " Pronotum without
suprahumeral horns, tumid and crescentic in form, much punctured.
Tegmina variegated with rich brown. Hind tarsi short."

The pronotal lateral processes are, however, well developed, but
subhorizontally directed and apically recurved and iu a continuous

E, tum(sce?is, Buckt. = i'. ohesus, Fairm.

PEEL^MAX. 'f7

line with the crescentie anterior margin of the pronotuni. Tliis
is the real and sufficient character which separates Emphusu froiu
Centrotijpiis,

2152. Emphusis malleus, Walk. (Centrotus) List Horn, ii, p. 013
(1851).
Centrotypus obesus, Atkins, (part.) J. A. S. B. liv, p. 88 (188-)) ;
Melich. (part.) Honi. Faun. Ceylon, p. 116 (1903).

Pronotum indigo-black ; head, body beneath and legs dull black,
finely pilose ; tegmina stramineous, extreme base, costal and radial
areas black, apical area bronzy-brown ; pronotum coarsely
punctate, antei-iorly broad and rounded ; the lateral transverse

Fig. 29. — Emphusis malleus.

processes somewhat short, recurved, posteriorly bicarinate above,
their apices broadly subacute ; the posterior process somewhat
broad and very strongly tricariuate above, its apex acute and very
slightly passing tlie posterior angle of the inner margin, the
central carination only continued on the basal area of the
pronotum ; tegmiua w ith the black basal, costal and radial areas
punctate ; anterior legs not prominently iucrassate.

Length 8| ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 6 millim.

Hah. Ceylon ; Kalutara {Green).

Stai (Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Eiirh. 18G0, p. 280), and Atkinson and
Melichar {supra) treat this species as a synonym of C. obesus,
Fairm. = maneator, Walk. = inaUeohis, Walk. The latter, however,
is a distinct Javan species in which the pronotal angles are much
more obtuse than in C. malleus, AValk.

G-enus PEKIAMAN, uov.

Type, P.Jlavolineatus, Buckt.

Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Eegions.

race strongly emarginate before clypeus ; pronotum frontally
roundly oblique ; the lateral processes moderately broad and trans-
verse, not prominently gibbous before posterior process which is
robust, gradually narrowing to apex but not extending beyond the
posterior angle of the iimer margin of tegmina ; tegmina broad,
apical areas long and five in number; femora moderately thickened,
tibiie simple.

The Centrotus limbatus, Walk., from Borneo also finds a place in
this genus.

38

MEMBBACID.i:.

2153. Periaman flavolineatus, BucU. (Centrotus) Monogr. Memh-ac.
p. 247 (190:J).

_ Pronotum castaueous, lateral margins connected with a central
line before face and angularly connected with same before middle
of posterior process, ochraceous ; face and body beneath castaneous
but thickly palely pilose, apical half of abdomen castaneous ; legs
ochraceous ; tegmiua ochraceous, the veins castaneous, basal area

Fig. 30. — Periaman flaijolinrat 11$.

pale fuscous, apical area bronzy and talc-like ; pronotum coarsely
punctate, the central ochraceous line levigate, the others punctate ;
lateral transverse processes as seen from above moderately short
and broad, directed upward, the anterior margins laminate,
centrally strongly carinate, apices narrowed and obtusely acute,
viewed from front narrow and obliquely directed upward ;
posterior process strong, tricarinate above, the central carination
acute, narrowed beyond middle, extreme apex acute and slightly
passing the posterior angle of the inner margin ; tegmina punctate
at base ; legs normal.

Length 9 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. Ah millim.

Hah. Mergui {Incl. Mus.). Tenasserim ; Myitta (DoJierti/).

This species is allied to Centrotus limhatus, Walk., from Borneo.

2154. Periaman pyropinus, sp. n.

Pronotum casta.neous-brown, base of frontal area and the face
piceous; a narrow central carination, a frontal line to lateral
processes and a posterior line to same continued to the margins

Fig. 31. — I'eriaman pyrupiitas.

of the posterior process ochraceous, posterior process with the
basal area ochraceous, the apical area piceous ; body beneath
piceous ; femora black, their apices and the whole of the tibiaj and

OTI?iOTUS. 39

tarsi ochraceous, claws black ; tegmina pale bronzy, seniihyaline,
darker, more opaque and punctate at basal area; pronotum coarsely
punctate, palely pilose ; lateral processes as seen from above long,
somewhat slender, upwardly obliquely ascendant, apically strongly
recurved, their apices acute ; posterior process robust, passing
posterior angle of inner margin of tegmina, strongly centrally and
laterally carinate ; tibia? somewhat longly pilose.

Length G ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3 millim.

Hah. Burma ; Ruby Mines {Doliei-t)j).

Genus OTINOTUS.
Otiuotus, Biicld. Monof/i: Membrar. p. 202 (1903).

Type, 0. amnion, Buckt.*

Distrihid'ton. Oriental llegion.

Face gradually narrowed from base ; pronotum with produced
transverse lateral angles either directed horizontally or forwardly ;
posterior process slender, sinuate, scarcely or only a little separated
from the scutellum, but as a rule not elevated above the tegmina,
its central carination continued through the pronotum ; tegmina
with five apical areas ; scutellum about as broad as long, its apex
emarginate ; legs simple.

A. Posterior pronotal process not passim/ the r^osterlor
atujie of inner manjin of tegmina.

2loo. Otinotus ammon, Buckt. Mono</r. Membrac p. 2-33, t. Hi, f. 6 a
(1903).

Body and legs black or dark piceous ; front of pronotum, face,
and lateral areas of sternum strongly ochraceously pilose ; tegmina

Fig. 32. — (JfiiiuUdi ammon.

pale bronzy, black at base; pronotum coarsely punctate; the
lateral pronotal processes as seen from above narrow, transverse,
slightly recurved, strongly centrally carinate, their apices subacute ;
posterior process slender, distinctly separated at base from
scutellum, sinuate, narrowed at apex which about reaches the

* Euckton lias several distinct genera included in the species of his genus
Otinotus. 0. /leliis, Buckt., is the first species enumerated, but the type is not in
his collection, nor is the locality known. His generic description is inadequate
I select 0. ammon as type of Otinotus as here understood and described.

40 MEMBRACID^.

posterior angle of the inner margin of tegniiua ; tegmina punctate
on the black basal area ; posterior segmental margins to abdomen
beneath dull ochraceous.

Length 7 to 8 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 4 millim.

Hah. Nilgiri Hills (Hampson).

2156. Otiuotus pallipesjsp. n.

Head and pronotum black ; femora piceous-brown, tibite and
tarsi pale ochraceous, extreme apices of tibia3 and tarsi black ;
tegmina very pale bronzy-ochraceous, base black, beyond which
there is a narrow distinct transverse area ^vhich is paler in hue
than the general bronzy tint ; sternum and abdomen beneath
black ; pronotum coarsely punctate ; lateral processes as seen from
above h^trongly recurved, centrally carinate, gradually narrowing
to apices which are subacute, as viewed in front narrower and
more upwardly directed ; posterior process sinuate, not extending
beyond the posterior angle of the inner margin of the tegmina,
strongly tricarinate, the central carination finely continued through
the pronotum : tegmina punctate on the black basal area.

Length 6 ; breadth lat. pronot. process, o to 34 millim.

Hah. Burma ; Karen Hills {DoJieriij).

Allied to 0. ammon, but with the lateral pronotal processes much
more strongly recurved ; colour of legs different, &c.

2157. Otinotus rufesceiis, sp. n.

Head, ])ronotum and legs testaceous-red ; steruum and abdomen
beneath piceous ; tegmina very pale bronzy-ochraceous, the base
narrowly piceous ; pronotum obscurely punctate, finely pilose ;
lateral processes as seen from above almost horizontally produced,
narrowing to the apices which are subacute and at their extremities
very nari'owly piceous, centrally carinate, as viewed in front
appearing much narrower and more obliquely directed upward ;
posterior process closely impinging on tegmina, narrowing to apex
which is piceous at extremity, and not passing the posterior angle
of the inner margin of tegmina, strongly centrally carinate, the
carination finely continued through pronotum ; legs pilose.

Length () ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 4 to 4| miliim.

Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta {Dolierty).

B. Posterior pronotal process passing the posterior anrjle of inner

marrjin of ter/mina.

2158. Otinotus Oneratus, Walk. (Centrotus) Ins. Sawid., Horn. p. 78

(18.58); ,S'^?/(Centrotvpus), 6/r. Vef.-Al: Forli. 1869, p. 286 ;
AfJn'm. J. A. S. B. Iv^p. 19(5 (1880).
Oxyihacliis li<;nicola, Buckt. Monogr. Memhrac. p. 224, t. xlix,
f; 6 a, h (1903).

Castaneous or piceous-brown ; lateral areas of scutellum and

OTINOTIJS.

41

sternum and apical margins of face cretaceously sericeous ; tegmma
pale semi-liyaliue, talc-like, the base ochraceously opaque ; lateral
pronotal processes as seen from above somewhat slender, obli(|uel\-
upturned, apically a little recurved, centrally carinate, graduall}'

Fig. 3o. — Otinolus oneratiif.

narrowing from base to apex; posterior process long, slender,
scarcely separated from scuteilum and then sinuate, impingmg on
tegmina, its apex passing the posterior angle of the inner margni
of tegmina ; tegmina punctate on the basal opaque area.

Length 6 to 7 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. '6 to 3^ millim.

Hah. Calcutta; Bombay and Poona {CoU. Disi.); Catrapura
(Stebhinf/). Ranch! (Irvine); ti. India; Ramiseram. Ceylon;
Peradeniya, Elephant Pass, Jaffna (Green).

2159. Otinotus pallescens, sp. n.

Body and legs brownish-ochraceous, finely pilose : lateral areas
of the* scuteilum paler and more dull ochraceous ; tegmina pale
tawny, semi-opaque, the veins fuscous-brown; pronotal lateral
processes as seen from above rather long, somewhat strongly
ascending, apically recurved, centrally carinate, their apices only
obtuselv acute, as viewed in front appearing narrower, with then-
apices more acute ; posterior process long, scarcely raised above
scuteilum, strongly carinate above, the central carination con-
tinued through the pronotum, its apex piceous and considerably
passing the posterior angle of the inner margin of tegmiua, its
whole length strongly sinuate and imphiging on the tegmina.

Length 6 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3^ millim.

Hab. Bombay (Dixon). Mainpuri, U. P. I. ( Walton). Bangalore
(Cameron, Indian Mus.).

A species to be recognized by its general pale tawny colour, the
pale tegmina with darkly coloured veins, the obtuse apices to the
lateral pronotal processes, «&:c.

21 GO. Otinotus elongatus, sp. n.

Body and legs piceous-brown : lateral areas of the sternum dull
cretaceously sericeous ; tegmina serai-hyaline, narrowly dull
piceously opaque at base, narrowly elongate, somewhat com-
pressed ; pronotum very finely pilose : the lateral processes as seen
from above moderately broad, upwardly directed and apically
strongly recurved, centrally carinate, apices subacute, as viewed

42

aMEMBKACIDvi;.

in front these processes are much narrower in appeai'ance ;
posterior process long, sinnate, impinging on tegmina, scarcely
elevated above scutellum, its apex considerably passing ])osterior
angle of inner margin of tegmina, tricarinate, the central cariuation
continued through pronotnm.

Length 5 to 6 ; breadth lat. proDot. process. 3^ millim.

Hah. Calcutta {Coll. Dist.).

This species is distinct by its elongate and compressed form and
its pale semi-hyaline tegmina.

Genus POGON.
Pogou, Jjtickt. Monogr. Memhrac. p. 2tS (1900).

Type, P. inctirvatnm, Buckt.

Distrihution. Ceylon.

This genus, judging from the unique typical specimen now
before me, has been founded on a mutilated specimen. Buckton
writes : " may be distinguished by its almost obsolete posterior
horn and by the curved neuration of the tegmina.'* The first
character does not exist and was des(;ribed from the mutilated
type now in my collection. The posterior jirocess is slender,
closely impinging on the tegmina and extends to or beyond the
posterior angle of the inner tegminal margin ; the veins to the
apical areas of the tegmina are strongly curved inwardly, and this
character will separate Fogon from Otlnotus to which it has a
strong superficial resemblance.

21G1. Pogon incurvatum, BacM. Monor/r. Memhrac. p. :248, t. Iviii
f. 6, a, h, c, (1900).

Buckton's mutilated type is here figured and I add his original
description : — " Suprahumerals stout and thorn-like, recurved and
divergent. .Scutellum exposed and conspicuous " (this is only con-
sequent on the mutilated posterior pronotal process). "Posterior
horn very short, not so long as the scutellum and like it cleft at

Fio'. 34. — Poijon iiicKrva/nni.

the apex" (description of a mutilation). '• Abdomen bi^-oad, pale
umber-bi'own like the rest of the insect. Tegmina pointed, much
paler brown in colour, with darker fuscous waved markings, which
are partly followed by the curved dark neuration. The fine apical

POGON".

43

areas are bouuded by these curved nervures and those forming tlie
two discoidal celhiles. The posterior horn is less than halt' the
length of the abdomen " (this last character represents a
mutilation).

The lateral pronotal processes as seen from above are bicarinate,
with their apices obliquely truncate.

" Exjianse 12 ; size 0x4 millim."

Eab. Ceylou {Green, Brit. Mus.); Pattipola {Green, Coll. Dist.).

2162. Pogon atricoxis, Kirhi/ (Centrotus), J. Liirn. Soc, Zool. xxiv,
p. 104 (1891) ; Mclich. (purt.) (Centrucluis) Horn. Faun. Cei/lon,
p. 113 (1903).

Head and pronotum black, very shortly greyishly pilose ; sternum
and abdomen beneath cretaeeously sericeous ; legs castaneous,
hnely greyishly pilose ; tegmina dark castaneous, paler towards
apex, the veins and costal and basal areas very finely and more
palely pilose ; pronotum finely obscurely punctate ; lateral pro-
cesses as seen from above transverse, apically recurved, bicarinate,

Fig. 35. — Foi/oi/ (ij

rico.vts.

their apices subacute, as viewed from in front much narrower
and their apices more acute ; posterior process slender, closely
impinging on the tegmina, finely laterally and centrally carinate,
its apex passing the posterior angle of tlie inner margin of the
tegmina, which have a very small paler spot near posterior angle
of inner margin.

Length G ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3^ millim.

Mab. Ceylon; Ivandy, ]N"a\valapitya (GVee/t).

2163. Pogon cupreum, Kirh// (Centrotus), J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv,
p. 1(;8 (1891); 31elicli. (Centrucluis) Ho7n. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 113 (1903) ; Biickt. (Sextius) Monoi/r. Membrac. p. 22&, t. 1,
f. 8 « (1903).

Head and pronotum purplish-brown, very finely, shortly and
more palely pilose ; sternum and abdomen beneath more or less
cretaeeously sericeous ; legs pale testaceous ; tegmina purplish-
brown, becoming more ochraceoas on apical area, the veins and
costal and basal areas very finely and more palely pilose ; pronotum
finely punctate ; lateral processes as seen from above broadly sub-
triangular and apically recurved, bicarinate, apices subacute, as
viewed from the front much narrower and the apices more acute ;

44

MEMBEACIDiE.

posterior processes slender, closely impinging on tegraina, finely
laterally and centrally carinate, the central carination continued
through pronotum, apex passing posterior angle of inner margin
of tegmina ; legs finely pilose.

Length 5| ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3 millim.

Hub. Ceylon; Badulla, Maskeliya, Jvandy, Pundaluoya {Green).

To be distinguished from the preceding species P. atricoccis by
the slightly shorter and more subtriangular pronotal lateral
processes.

2] 64. Pogon aiiriculatum, StM (Leptobelus), Ofv. Vet.-Al: Fdrh.
1869, p. i>8u ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceyhn, p. 114 (1903).

" Ferruginous, punctulate, moderately silaceo-sericeous, thorax
above the lateral angles shortly coruuted, the processes short and

Fig. 36. — Pogon auriculatuM.

compressed ; tegmina palely ferruginous-hyaline, base of clavus,
the whole of costal area, and radial area before middle and
outwardly behind middle ferruginous, opaque and punctate."
{StdJ.)

This species is to be distinguished from the other examples of
the genus here previously enumerated, by the much shorter lateral
pronotal processes.

Length $ 5^ millim.

Hah. Ceylon {Stockholm Museum).

I have not received this species inyself from Ceylon and am
indebted to Dr. Yngve Sjiistedt of Stockholm for enabling me to
figure it.

2165. Pogon? ferrilgineum, il/e/u7?. {Cenh-uchus) Ho7n. Fauu. Ceylon,
p. 114 (1903).

"Whole upper surface and underside rusty-yellow; face and
pronotum very thickly and finely punctured, bare, the lateral pro-
jections short, prismatic, directed obliquely upward and outward,
above with a very fine short keel, the hinder projection narrow,
impinging on the scutellum, towards the back pointed like a
thorn and weakly wave-like, curved, the tip slightly exteuding
beyoiul the tip of tlie clavus and slightly arched downward, ridged
in middle and on sides, the middle keel on pronotum reduced and
very prominent ; scutellum longish, triangular, punctured, not
tomentose; tegmina hyaline, rusty yellow, transversely crinkled

CENTROTUS.

45

at the clavus, on the base and along costa thickly and finely
punctured and traversed by rusty-yellow veins; wings hyaline,
with rusty-yellow veins ; pectus rusty-yellow ; anterior coxae and
clypeus brownish ; abdomen pale yellow beneath, anterior coxse
near clypeus brownish; abdomen below pale yellow and above
rusty-yellow ; borders of abdominal segments reddish.

"This species is allied to atricoxis, Kirby, but much more slender,
the lateral process short, and es])ecially distinguished by the rusty-
yellow colour of the whole body." {Melkliar.)

" Length c? & $ 5 millim." "

Hah. Ceylon ; Peradeniya, Henaratgoda {fide Mellcliar).

I have not seen this species.

Division CENTBOTUSARIA.

The fundamental character by which the Centrotusaria are to be
separated from the previous divisions is found in the wings, which
have only three apical areas. The presence of pronotal lateral
processes divide it from the following division Gargararia.

Synopsis of Genera.

A. Posterior pronotal process distinctly separate

from scutelhnii, moderately ampliate beneath

and inipingiufj on tegmiua Centbotus, p. 45.

B. Posterior prouotal process rising obliquely

direct near base of pronotum and then
rectangularly directed to near posterior angle
of inner tegminal margin Anchon, p. 49.

C. Posterior prouotal process moderately short

and impinging on scutelluni and tegmiua . , Tricentrus, p. oS.

Genus CENTROTUS.

Centrotns, Fabr. Si/st. Rhym/. p. IG (1803); Stdl, Hem. Afi: iv,
p. 88 (18G6) ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 109 (1903).

Type, C. cormttus, Linn., a Palsearctic species.

Distrihution. Apparently found throughout the Eastern hemi-
sphere.

In this genus the posterior pronotal process is distinctly sepa-
rate and somewhat remote from the scutellum, then moderately
ampliated beneath, the apical area slender and impinging on the
tegmiua ; anterior lateral processes of variable shape and size,
generally, as in the species here included, longly produced. Stal,
in his synopsis (supra), gives the lateral angles as acuminate, but
this cannot be maintained for all the species which I have here
included in Centrotus. The structure and position of the posterior
pronotal process is, however, appai'ently a constant character.

46

atEMBEACID.i:.

A. Anterior lateral pronotal processes obliqueJ't/ directed vinvard.

2166. Centrotus indicatus, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. Ill
(190.:3).

Piceous-brown, thickly ochraceously pilose ; lateral areas of the
sternum and a spot on each side of base of scutellum greyish -
ochraceous ; tegmiiia with a small pale spot near posterior angle
of inner margin ; lateral pronotal processes as seen from above

Fig. 1)7. — Cr/i/mius i/u/ /'<-■(/ //IS.

somewhat broad, obliqnely upturneJ, bicarinate, their apices
obliquely truncate, as viewed from the front very much narrower,
with their apices subacute; the posterior process separate from the
scutellum, sinuate, placed close to the margins of the tegmina, the
central cariuation very pronounced, the apex just passing the
posterior angle of the inner margin of the tegmina ; tegmina
punctate on basal area ; legs pilose.

Length 6 to 7; breadth hit. pronot. process. 4 millim.

Hah. Ceylon; Kandy, Badulla, Jaffna (Green); Katnapura
District, Moruwale, Gamaduwa, Patipolla, Uva (Colombo 3Ii(S.);
Wehgama (Mns. HoiKjrois).

Dr. Horvilth of Budapest kindly sent me a cotype of this
species for comparison.

2167. Centrotus granulatiis, Kirhy, J. Linn. Sac, Zool. xxiv,
p. im (Ibi)l): Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 110 (190-')):
BucU. (Daunuy) Monocjr. Memhrac. p. 220, t. 1, f. 2 a (1903).

Piceous, greyishly-pilose ; an ochraceous spot near each lateral
an"-le of the scutelhun ; lateral areas of the sternum testaceously
sericeous ; pronotum granulose ; the lateral processes as seen from
above long, moderately ascendant, obliquely directed for^^•ard,
bicarinate, apices broad and truncate, as viewed in front mucli
narrower, more obliquely ascendant and the apices apparently
more acute ; posterior pronotal process about reaching the posterior
anf^le of the inner margin of the tegmina, robust, centrally and
laterally carinate, well separated from the scutellum at base, after
which it is ampliated beneath and impinges on the tegmina, thence
gradually narro\\ed to apex ; tegmina with the veins pilose ; body
beneath and legs thickly pilose.

Length 8 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 5| to 6 millim.

Hah. Ceylon ; Kandy, Pundaluoya (Green); Xalanda, Patipolla
{fide MeliclMr).

CENTROTUS.

47

21(i

)^

Centrotus bioculatus, Kh-htf, J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv, p. KiO
(1891) ; Mf'/ic/i. Horn. Fauii. Ceylon, p. Ill (1903).

Head and prouotum purplish-black ; two spots in centre of front
and a spot on each side of base of scutellum greyish-sericeous ;
lateral areas of ^sternum and abdomen beneath more or less verv

>\;"'^

Fig. 38. — Cfutru(ii.'< hiocidnfu^.

pale ochraeeously sericeous ; legs purp]ish-bro^^•^, palely pilose ;
tegmiua castaneous-browu, the inner area hyaline, which is darker
on basal half owing to the reflection of the abdomen beneath ;
prouotum coarsely granulose : the lateral processes as seen from
above long, broad, obliquely ascendaut, bicarinate, the apices
truncate, as viewed in front narrower, with the apices apparently
more acute : posterior process at base only moderately raised above
the scutellum, centrally and laterally cariuate, the central cari-
nation continued through prouotum, its apex slightly passing the
posterior angle of the inner margin of the tegmiua, moderately
ampliated beneath beyond basal area and impinging on the
tegmiua.

Length 9 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 6 millim.
Hah. Ceylon; jNtaskeliyn, Pundaluoya (Green); Haputale,
JSTewera Ellya (Jide Melichar).

21 G9. Centrotus ramosus, sp. n.

Head and prouotum black; tegmiua piceous ; a small spot at
each basal anirle of scutellum and the lateral areas of the sternum

Fiff. 39. — Ccnti'vius ramosus.

ochraeeously sericeous ; legs piceous ; pronotum coarsely granu-
lose, lateral process as seen from above very long and obliquely

48 MEMBEACID.i:.

asceudaut, the apical areas considerably widened and slightly
recurved, tricarinate, the cariuations transversely connected before
apex ^A■hich is truncate, as viewed in front narrower but the apex
broad with the edges recurved ; posterior process well separated
from the scutellum, beyond which it is ampliated beneath and
impinges on the tegmina, tricarinate, the central carination hnely
continued on pronotum, the apex passing the posterior angle of
the inner margin of tegmina ; tegmina witii a small pale spot near
apex of claval area and narrowly bhick and punctate at base.

Length 8; breadth lat. pronot. process. 7 millim.

Hah. Ceylon; TJdagama (CoZZ. i>is^.),

iilTO. CentrotllS angustulus, Melich. Horn. Fmm. Cexjlon, p. 112 (1903).

" Small and slender, similar to cupvms^ but nearer granidatus
in the form and position of the lateral pronotal projections ;
whole body rusty-brown, face and pronotum thickly punctate and
sparingly greyishly hirsute; in middle of pronotum a longitudinal
keel produced on posterior process ; lateral processes directed more
upward and forward, at base rather broad, tip slightly narrowed,
at end almost straightly truncated, front corners rounded oft',
hinder forming a sharp corner, provided above with a keel which
runs into the sharp corner, beneath wiih two truncated longitu-
dinal keels, the front corner of lateral processes somewhat sharp-
ened ; posterior process naiTow, prismatic, distinctly Mave-like,
curved, at base of scutellum somewhat standing away, directed
downward ; tegmina rusty-brown, punctured at base and on costal
margin ; wings hyaline, strongly shining ; scutellum longish, tri-
angular, not tomentose ; pectus yellowish-white, thickly tomentose ;
abdomen rusty-brown, sparingly haired with greyish-white on the
belly ; legs rusty-yellow, claws dark." {Mclichar.)

" Length $ 5 millim."

Hob. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya.

I have not seen this species.

B. Anterior lateral pronotal processes neither oblique nor ascendant.

2171. Centrotus transversus, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, body beneath and legs black ; a spot at each
basal augle of scutellum and the anterior lateral areas of the
sternum ochraceously sericeous ; legs ochraceous ; tegmina dark
castaneous-browu ; pronotum coarsely grauulose ; the lateral pro-
cesses as seen from above broad, horizontally extended, bicarinate,
the anterior carination more or less imperfect, the apices broadly
truncate, their anterior angle rounded, their posterior angle obtusely
acute, as viewed in front apparently very much narrower ; posterior
process robust, tricarinate, the central carination continued through
})ronotum, distinctly separated from scutellum, where and for a
short distance beyond which it is ampliated beneath and then
gradually narrowed to apex, which is acute and passes the posterior

A>'CHOy.

49

angle of the inner margin of tegmiua ; tegmina a little darker at
base and on costal area, A\here they are obscurely punctate ; legs
sparingly ochraceously pilose.

Length 10 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 8 milliin.

Ilah. Assam ; Margherita {^Coll. Dist.).

Genus ANCHON.

Anchon, BiicJd. Monor/r. Membrac. p. 214 (1903).
Platybelus, Stal (part.), aa, Hetn. Aft: iv, p. 96 (1866),

Type, A. nodicorms, Pairni., a South-African species.

Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Regions.

Pront \\ell bent outwardly, the apex not prominent ; pronotum
above lateral angles produced into strong processes directed
obliquely upward and at apices strongly recurved, posterior process
rising obliquely direct near base of pronotum and then rectangu-
larly directed to about or beyond the posterior angle of the inner
margin of the tegmina ; scutellum about as broad as long ; tegmina
with iive apical areas (as computed by StSl)*; wings with three
apical areas ; tibiae simple.

Accoi'ding to Buckton : '' This genus may be chiefly distinguished
by the almost rectangular attachment of the posterior border of
the pronotum to the short upright process springing from the
dorsum. This is carried horizontally and quite tree from the
scutellum. The suprahumerals are rather A^aried in form, some
being clavate and others being more arcuate in shape."

The genus Anchon, in fact, really represents iStal's section aa
of his genus Flatyhelus (Hem. Afr. iv, p. 96).

2172. Anchon pilosam, Walk. (Centrotus) List Horn, ii, p. 606 (1851) ;
Stal (Xiphopceus), Ofc. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1869. p. 285; Atkins.
J. A. S. B. liv,p. 8.3 (1885) ; Melic/i. (part.) (Platybelus) Horn.
Faun. Ceylon, p. 119 (1903).

Head and pronotum brownish-testaceous, strongly greyishly

Fig. 40. — Anchon 2)ilosum.

pilose, posterior pronotal process from near base pale ochraceous
with the apex black ; body beneath thickly greyishly pilose ; legs

* This is an uncertain cbaracter owing to the different methods of com-
putation used by describers.

VOL. IT. E

50 membbacidjE.

pale testaceous, greyishly pilose ; tegmina greyish, semi-opaque,
talc-like, somewhat prismatic, the veins very pale brownish, a
brown marginal spot near a])ex of inner margin and a piceous
stigmatical spot ; lateral pronotal processes as seen from above
broad, directed obliquely upward, their apices a little widened, the
a])ical margin subtruncate with an obliquely raised angulation
beyond middle, behind which it is obliquely concavely excavate ;
posterior process obliquely erect at base and then obliquely and
sinuately directed backward, becoming gradually more slender to
apex, which is acute and extends to a little beyond the posterior
angle of the inner margin of the tegmina, strongly centrally ridged
above, the ridge extending through the pronotum but very faintly
seen in front ; tegmina wrinkled, the base darker and more
opaque.

Length 5 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3^ millim.

Hah. " N. India " (i?ri7. J/iismm). Bombay (2)iA'on). Ceylon;
Peradeniya (Greeyi).

The unique type in the British Museum is here figured.

2173. Anchon ulniforme, BucM. Monor/r. Memhmc. p. 216, t. xlix,
f. 1,«(1903).

Umber-brown ; pronotum A\ith a cretaceous sericeous line on
each side, commencing behind each lateral process and continued
at base of scutellum (in Bucktou's type, here figured, this line is

Fig. 41. — Aiichon idniformc.

't

nearly obliterated) ; lateral areas of the sternum cretaceously
sericeous ; tegmina umber-brown, the apical area more or less
hyaline with the veins brown, a prominent brown spot at posterior
angle of inner uiargiu ; legs and posterior pronotal process beyond
base pale brownish-ochraceous, apex of the latter and femora
(excluding apices) piceous; pronotum thickly pilose; lateral pronotal
pi'ocesses as seen from above broad, strongly ridged behind middle,
their apices ampliate and truncate, strongly angulate posteriorly,
after which they are concave and lobate on posterior margins,
viewed from the front they ai"e narrow and recurved, the apices
appearing subacute ; the posterior process at basal elevation is
inwardly angulate and then obliquely and somewhat sinuately con-
tinued to just beyond posterior angle of inner margin of tegmina.

Length 6; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3^ millim.

Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta {Doherty).

ANCHON.

51

2174. Anchon ecliinatiim, sp. u.

Umber-brown ; pronotum thickly, longl}^, (^reyishly pilose, with
a cretaceous sericeous line on each side, commencing behind each
lateral process and continued at base of scutellum ; legs and pos-
terior pnuiotal process beyond base brownish-ochraceous, the apex
of the latter and femora (excluding apices) piceous ; tegmina
umber-brown, which becomes much paler at base and exhibits a

Anchon ccldnaium.

prominent brown spot at posterior angle of inner margin ; pro-
notal lateral processes as seen above broad and flattened, their
margins finely spinous, their apices ampliate, convexly truncate,
concavely sinuate posteriorly, the posterior angle broadly subacute ;
the posterior process with fine spinules, a little inwardly prominent
at basal elevation and then obliquely and slightly sinuately con-
tinued to just beyond posterior angle of inner margin of tegmina.

Length G ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3| millim.

Hah. Tenasserim : Myitta {Dohert>/).

Allied to A. ulniforme, but differing by the shape of the pronotal
lateral processes and by the spinous condition of all the pronotal
processes.

2175. Anchon rectangulatum, Kirby (Centrotus), J. Linn. Soc, Zool.
xxiv, p. 10(5 (1891).
PIat^ beliis pilosus (part.), Melich. Hoin. Faun. Cei/lon, p. 119
(1903).

Pronotum fuscous-brown, thickly, longly, greyisbly pilose, on

Fig. 43. — Anchon rectangidaiuin.

each side a cretaceous sericeous line commencing behind each
lateral process and continued on base of scutellum ; legs ochraceous-

e2

52 MEMBKACID.E.

brown, feinora(exclucling apic('s)pic'eous ; tegmina greyish, opaque,
base darlc i'uscous, a little paler on apical area \\ here there are two
brown marginal spots, one at apex, the other near posterior angle
of inner margin ; lateral pronotal processes as seen fi-oiu above
broad, tlattened, strongly ampliated at apices, broadly convexly
rounded anteriorl}^ strongly angularly produced behind middle,
then concavely sinuate and again more obtusely angiilate, as
viewed from the front much narrower, more recurved, their apices
appearing biaugulate ; posterior ])rocess aluiost unicolorous, some-
M hat ])romiuently incurved at basal elevation and obliquely and
somew hat sinuately continued to beyond posterior angle of inner
margin of tegmina.

Length 5 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3| millim.

Bah. Ceylon ; Anuradhapura, Pundaluoya (Green).

The species iigured by Buckton as rectangulatum (Monogi-.
Membrac. p. 215, t. xlviii, f. 3, a, h) is very doubtfully that
species. Melichar states that it is identical A^ith jpilosum. Walk.,
which the figures of the two species (types) here given will
correct.

2176, Anchon dirce, Biult. Mono(;r. Membrac p. 210, t. xlix, f. 2
(190:;).

This species is allied to A. reda»r/nlatam and differs principally
by the greater space between the lateral and posterior pronotal

Fig. M.—AiK-Iiou dii

cc.

processes, the less convex anterior apical margins, and the less
angulated medial apical prolongation of the lateral pronotal
processes.

Length G ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 4 millim.

Jfah. Ceylon {Thivaites, Hope Coll.) ; Xandy {Green).

The type in the Hope Museum, Oxford, is here figured.

2177. Anchon brevis, sp. u.

Pronotum and scutellum black, moderately greyishly pilose
a cretaceous sericeous line on each side of pronotum' commencing
behnid each lateral process and continued along base of scutellum •
egs ochraceous, femora (excluding apices) piceous ; tegmina talc-
like, subliyalme, the venis ochraceous or brownish-oehraceous the

TRICENXRUS.

53

base piceous aud witli a prominent brown spot at apex and near
posterior angle of inner margin ; pronotal lateral processes as seen

Fig. 45. — Anchoii f/irvis.

fromabove broad, somew hat flat, tlieir apices much as in A. rcctangu-
latuin ■ posterior processes very short, curved, not extending beyond
apex of clavus.

Length 5; breadth lat. pronot. process. 8| milhm.

Hah. Cevlon; Anuradhapura ((rrmi).

The short posterior pronotal process sufficiently distinguishes
this species.

Genus TRICENTRUS.

Triceutrus, StSl,Hem.. Afr.iv, p. 89 (18G6) ; id. Of v. VeL-Ak. Fiirh.

1869, p. 2s:3 ; id. torn. cit. 1870, p. 7:"!8.
Taloipa, BucU. Trans. Liim. Soc. Land, is, p. 334 (190o).

Tvpe, T. coHvcrgens, Walk., from the Philippines.

Distrlhvtion. Oriental, Malayan, and Australasian Eegions.

Body ovate or oblong-ovate ; pronotum with posterior process
longer than broad, the lateral angles prominent or cornuted, the
posterior process moderately short, not remote from scutellum ;
posterior trochanters inwardly armed with spinules ; tegmina
somewhat short and broad, apical areas five ; wings with three
apical areas ; scutellum about equally broad as long.

Stal relied largely on the inwardly spinulose posterior trochanters,
which is a good but somewhat difficult or obscure character to always
distinguish.

A. ITeacl and pronotum black.

2178. TricentniS gibbosulus, Walh. (Centrotus) Ins. Saund., Horn.
p. 80 (1858) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. Iv, p. 198 (1880).

Head, pronotum, body beneath and legs piceous, somewhat
thickly and \ ery finely pilose ; tibiaj, tarsi and apices of femora
testaceous ; tegmina pale bronzy-brown, base pieeous-black ; lateral
pronotal processes as seen from above short, broad, slightly up-
turned, the anterior margin rounded, the posterior margin
obliquely straight, apex obtusely acute and slightly recurved,
rather indistinctly carinate behind middle, as viewed in front

54

MEMBBACID.^.

narrow, slender, ^itli tlie apices more acute ; posterior process
short, robust, raised, centrally and laterally cariuate, the central
carinatioii obscurely continued on pronotum, scarcely elevated

Fig. 4G. — T riven fr us gibbosulus.

above scutelhun, the apex not quite reaching posterior angle
of inner margin of tegmiua.

Length 4| to 5 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. '2h to 3 millim.

Hah. Assam ; Margherita. Calcutta. Eanchi {Irvine).

2179. Tricentrus congestus, Walk. (Ceutrotus) Ins. Saioul, Horn.
p. 79 (1858); Atkins. (Centrotus ?) /. A. 8. B. Iv, p. 197
(1886).

Head, pronotum, body beneath and legs piceous, thickly oehra-
ceously pilose; apices of the femora and the whole of the tibiae
and tarsi more or less testaceous ; tegmina pale bronzy-broM n,

Fig. 47. — Trircnints coiigcsius.

the base a little darker and more opaque ; lateral pronotal pro-
cesses as seen from above some^^■hat long, only moderately broad,
obliquely ascendant, obscurely carinate behind middle, their apices
subobliquely truncate, as viewed in front much narro\\er, their
apices subacute ; posterior process short, robust, raised, centrally
and laterally carinate, the central carination obscurely continued
tln'ough pronotum.

Length 4| to 5 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3 millim.

llab. Pussumbing, Darjeeling {Mann, Ind. Mus.). Calcutta.
Tenasserim ; Myitta {Doliertij).

As shown in the above figure, there is a tendency in this species
to exhibit transverse veins towards the apical area ; this character,
however, is neither constant nor uniform and cannot be considered
of generic signification.

TRICENTEUS. 55

2180. Tricentrus projectus, sp. n.

Castaneous-brown, pronotum and face more or less ochraceously
pilose ; a small pale sericeous spot at each basal angle of scutellum ;
femora black, their apices and the whole of the tibia? castaneous ;
tarsi ochraceous, the claws black ; body beneath black ; pronotum
punctate, its disk and front thickly ochraceously pilose ; lateral
processes as seen from above straightl}" obliquely porrect, very
strongly centrally ridged and on each lateral area sharply obliquely
depressed, their apices subacute ; posterior process somew bat short,

Fig. 48. — Tricentrus project us.

robust, strongly centrally i-aised and cai'inate, the central carination
obscurely continued through pronotum, closely impinging on
tegmina, its apex about reaching posterior angle of inner margin
of tegmina ; tegmina strongly wrinkled, base piceous and punctate,
apical margins a little paler and more ochraceous-brown.

Length 4^ ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3 millim.

Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherti/).

2181. Tricentrus bicolor, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, body bejieath and legs black, tinely ochra-
ceously pilose, posterior tarsi ochraceous ; lateral areas of sternum
cretaceously sericeous ; tegmina pale bronzy-ochraceous, base black,
at outer margin of which there is a distinct paler transverse
fascia ; pronotum thickly coarsely punctate ; lateral processes
as seen from above rather strongly recurved, centrally carinate,
anterior margin rounded, posterior margin almost obliquely
straight, apex obtusely subacute, as viewed in front narrower
and more obliquely upcurved ; posterior process short, robust,
raised, centrally and laterally carinate, the central carination
finely continued through pronotum, apex not quite reaching the
posterior angle of the inner margin of tegmina ; tegmina punctate
on the black basal area.

Length 5 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3 millim.

Hah. Bombay (Dixon).

2182. Tricentrus siibangulatus, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, body beneath and legs black, somewhat longly
pilose ; tegmina with a pale bronzy tint, the veins piceous, base

56 MEMBRACID^.

bhick, on outer margin of wliicli is a distinct paler transverse
fascia ; pronotum thickly punctate ; lateral processes as seen from
above very short, broad, recnr-\'ed, anterior margin rounded,
posterior margin almost straight, apex roundly subtruncate :
posterior process short, robust, raised, central and lateral cari-
iiations fine, the central carination continued through pronotum,
apex projecting, not impinging on tegmina and not reaching
posterior angle of inner margin of tegmina ; tegmina punctate
on black basal area,

Length 5| : breadth lat. pronot. process. 3 millim.

Ilah. Nilgiri Hills {IJumpson).

A species to be recognized by the short pronotal lateral pro-
cesses, the projecting apex of the posterior process, and the pale
darkly-veined tegmina.

2188. Triceiitrus albomaculatus, sp. n.

Head and pronotnm black, finely ])ilose ; sternnm black, ab-
domen beneath and legs piceous ; tegmina dull bronzy, subhyaline,
base black, followed by a large creamy-white spot ; pronotum
very finely punctate, the punctures almost hidden by the pilose
surface ; lateral pronotal processes as seen from above short,
broad, apically recurved, apices subacute, anterior margins rounded,
longitudinally carinate behind middle, as viewed in front much
more slender and obliquely npcurved ; posterior process robust,
gradually narrowing to apex, which reaches the posterior angle of
inner margin of tegmina and is acute and a little upcurved ;
tegmina with the black basal area coarsely punctate.

Length 4 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 2^ millim.

Hah. Bombay (Bivon). Tenasserim ; Myitta {DoJiert)/).

2184. Tricentrus cuneatus, sp. n.

Black ; body beneath and legs pilose ; tegmina subhyaline, talc-
like, the veins fuscous, apical area bronzy-brown, before which the

Pig. 49. — Tricen/rus cuneanis.

colour is pale, giving the appearance of a paler transverse fascia,
base black ; ])i-onotum thickly, somewhat finely punctate ; the
transverse lateral processes as seen from above short, broad, slightly
directed up\yard, non-carinate, their apices broadly obliquely
truncate, their margins moderately ridged, viewed from the front

TEICENTBUS.

57

narrow aud obliquely directed upward, triangularly subacute ;
the posterior process very broad and robust, strongly centrally
cariuate, the lateral carinatious more prominent on apical area,
its extreme apex obtusely acute and reaching the posterior angle
o£ the inner margin ; tegmina coarsely punctate on the black basal

area ; legs normal.

Length 7; breadth lat. pronot. process. 4i nnlhm.

Hah. Sookna, o'3'i feet.

This species is to be structurally recognized by the robust
pronotal posterior process and the non-carinate transverse
processes.

B. Head and pronotum testaceous or ocliraceom.

2185. Tricentrus selenus, Buckt. (Centrotus) Momi/r. Mnnhmc.
p. 247, t. Ix, f. <;(]'»0--!)-

Head and pronotum dark ochraeeous, pilose; extreme apices of
transverse pronotal processes and about apical third of posterior
process black; body beneath fuscous, palely pilose; legs ochraeeous,
bases of femora narrowly fuscous ; tegmina pale ochraeeous, sub-
hyaline ; pronotum palely pilose : the latei-al transverse in-ocesses as
seen from above moderately broad, anteriorly a litth? amphate and
rounded, apices subacute, broadly carinate near middle ; posterior
process robust, tricarinate, sides oblique, apex about reaching the
posterior angle of inner margin.

Length 5 ; breadth lat. pronot. process, oh milllm.

Hah. Tenasserim : Myitta (Doheyti/).

A small species, to be recognized by its pilose character, the
black apical area to the posterior pronotal process, and by its
general pale coloration.

21S6. Tricentrus assamensis, sp. n.

Head, pronotum and legs pale testaceous ; apices of lateral and
posterior pronotal processes black ; body beneath piceous, palely
pilose; tegmina subhyaline, talc-like, venation brownish-ochraceous,
base narrowly l)ro\vnish-ochraceous, opaque; pronotum thickly
punctate, lateral pronotal processes as seen from above somewhat
short and narrow, strong, medially carinate, apices subacute and
slightly recurved, as viewed in front narrower, more obliquely up-
wa"rdly directed and the ai)ices more acute; posterior process some-
what short, somewhat raised, centrally and laterally cariuate, the
central carination finely continued through i)ronotum, the apex not
quite reaching the posterior angle of the inner margin of the
tegmina; tegmina with the veins a little granulose, the basal
opaque area punctate.

Jjength G ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3.4 millim.

Hah. Assam ; Margherita.

Allied to the preceding species, T. selenus. Bnckt., but with the
lateral pronotal processes very much more slender and their apices
more broadlv black.

58 MBMBRACID.B,

2187. Tricentrus decoratus, sp. n.

Face nucl pronotum piceous, very tliickly ferruginously pilose ;
posterior pronotal process with about basal half ocliniceous and
its apical area black ; body beneath piceous, palely pilose ; legs

Fig. .'30. — Triirntruii decoratus.

ocbraceous ; tegmina subhyaline, talc-like, the veins ochraceous,
base ferruginous-brown, a broad black transverse fascia crossing
middle, widened at costal area : pronotal lateral processes as seen
from above short, strongly recurved, gradually narrowing to apices
which are obtusely acute, their anterior mai-gins rounded, viewed
from the front much more slender; posterior process moderately
short, robust, impinging on tegn\ina, centrally strongly raised and
carinate, the central carinatiou finely continued through pro-
notum, its apex subacute and about reaching the posterior angle
of the inner margin of tegmina ; in front of pronotum are two
small foveate dark spots situate rather near the inner margin of
eyes.

Length 7 ; breadth lat. pronot. process. 4 millim.

Hah. Burma ; Momeit {Doliertij).

2188. Tricentriis fairmairei, Stfii (Centrotus), Fro;/. Eiuj. Hesa, Ins.
p. i'«4 (Ibo'J); id. (Tiicentriis) Qfr. Vet'.-Ak. ' Fiirli. 1870,
p. 728.
Taldipa tinctoria, liiickt. Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. p. •3.j4, t. xxii, f. 4
(190-5).

Head and pronotum black ; body beneath and legs black, tibiae
castaneous or piceous ; tegmina pale fuliginous, subhyaline, with a
bronzy tint, base black, beyond which is a more or less testaceous
transverse fascia ; pronotum thickly finely punctate ; lateral pro-
cesses as seen from above short, broad, apically recurved, their
antei'ior margins rounded, longitudinally carinate behind middle,
as viewed in front slender and obliquely upcurved; posterior
process moderately stout, nearly straight, lateral margins sinuate,
narrowing to apex, which is subacute and reaches the posterior
angle of the inner tegminal margin, central!}^ and laterally carinate,
the central carination finely continued through pronotum.

Length 6; breadth lat. pronot. process. 3| millim.

Hah. Bangaloi'e (^/i(h Bucldon). — Malacca. Pliilippines.

I am indebted to Prof. Bolivar of Madrid for being able to
examine liuckton's species, of which the figure given by that writer
has the red coloration near base of tegmina far too highly depicted.

ElUIUL.

59

Division GAEUAKAUrA.

In this division lateral processes to the proiiotum are absent, or
at least practically obsolete, a character wliich separates it from
the preceding division ; from the Coccoslerpliusaria which follows
it can be dift'ereutiated by the scutellum, which is complete and
not imperfect.

Siinopsis of Genera.

A. Posterior pronotal process impinging on

scutelhmi and inner tegminal margin.

a. I'osterior pronotal process strongly

sinuately wttved Ebhcjl, p. o9.

b. Posterior pronotal process straight.

a. Veins to apical areas straiglit Gargara, p. 60.

I). Veins to apical areas ciu'ved in-
wardly PoGONTYprs, p. 07.

B. Posterior pronotal ])rocess curved and re-

mote from scutellum.

c. Prondtum not elevated, the posterior

process curved, its apical area im-
pinging on tegminal margin MACHiEROTYPUS, p. 68.

d. Pronotum discally elevated, the posterior

process straight, its apex impinging on

tegminal margin Demaxga, p. 60.

Genus EBHUL, nov.

Type, E. vurins, AValk.

Distribution. Burma,

Pronotmn convexly gibbous, anteriorly almost perpendicularly
reclined and flattened' in front above eyes, centrally longitudinally
strongly ridged, its anterior lateral angles slightly prominent, not
produced; the posterior process very strongly sinuately waved,
arched at base where it is separated from the scutellum, which is
not, or very little, longer than broad, and then concavely siiniate and
following the direction of the tegmiua, its ape.x reaching the
posterior angle of the inner tegminal margin ; face centxally longi-
tudinally sulcate ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxse ; femora
moderately thickened, tibiio slightly dilated ; tegmina broad, ample,
crossed by a series of transverse veins at apical area.

Stal (Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fdrh. 1869, p. 285), evidently not recog-
nizing the type of this genus from Walkers description, allied it
to his Leptohelus auricnlatus, which has {ante, p. 41) been figured
and placed in the genus Pogon.

2l^d. Ebhlll varius, Wall;. (Centrotus) List Horn. Suppl. p. 1()2
(hs.-„S); .SVf?/ (Lt'ptobelus), Ofr. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 186'.), p, :.\S."} ;
Atkins. J. A. ^. Ji. liv, p. &1 (1885).

Head and pronotum black, the posterior pronotal process

GO

:\1EMBRACID.^.

ochraceous at its medial concave sinuatioii ; body benealh, legs
and rostrum piceous-bro\An, tibiae darker above than beneatli ;
tegmina greyish-white, the claval area mottled witb brown and

Fig. 51. — Ehliul vr/r/iis.

black, basal area black divided from the clavus by a white line,
apical area mottled with black, where some of the veins are
riifescent ; ])ronotum finely punctate, its })osterior process more
strongly so and also centrally ridged and laterally carinate.

Length 5 millim.

I/ah. Burma {Br'U. Mus.).

I only know this species by the unique type in the British
Museum.

Genus GARGARA.

Gar<^ava, Amy. S,- Serv. Hem. p. 537 (1843) ; St.al, Hem. Afr. iv,
]). 98 (186(i"); id. Ofv. JW.-Al: F<irh. 18H9, p. i'83 ; Melich. Horn.
Faun. Ceylon, p. I:i2 (1903).

]MjBrops, Buekt. Moiio(/r. Membvac. p. 257 (1903).

Type, 0. r/eniski', Fabr., a Palsearctic species.

Distribution. Palojarctie, Ethiopian, Oriental, Malayan, and some
portions of the Australasian llegion.

This genus is allied to Tricentrus, Stal, from M'hich it principally
differs by the unarmed lateral angles of the pronotuni and by the
absence of spinules to the posterior trochanters.

2190. Gargara piceola, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylo,,, p. 122 (1903).

" Face and pronotum finely and thickly punctured, sparsely
covered with very short yellowish hairs ; middle keel on pronotum
very delicate and produced on posterior process, which is very
short, longly triangular, smooth or flattened and stretched out
strai<rht behind; covering the scutellum ; tegmina hyaline, strongly
wrinkled, punctured, pitchy-bro\\n, black at base, stroiigly and
coarsely punctured : veins dark brown, strongly and distinctly
punctured; wings clouded with hght brownish and with dark
veins ; pectus and abdomen dark broMii ; legs rusty brown, femora
black." (Mdichar.)

" Length :} mihim."

f/dh. Ceylon ; Peraden.iya (Jide MelicJtar).

I have a single specimen sent to me by Mr. Green from Pera-
deniya which agrees fairly \A-ell ^ith the above description.

GAHGAR.V.

61

2191. Gargara robusta, sp. u.

Head, pronotum and body beneath black ; femora bl:iel\, their

apices and the tibise and tursi castaueous ; tegmina subhyaline,

black at base, on apical margin a i)ale
brownish transverse spot near end of
clavus and the extreme apical margin
of the same colour ; in some specimens
beyond the middle there are some trans-
verse fuscous markings ; pronotum
thickly and somewhat coarsely pnnc-
tate ; posterior process short and ro-
bust, only just passing apex of claval
area, centrally and laterally carinatc,

the central carination hnely continued through pronotum ; black

basal area of the tegmina punctate.

Length 3,4 : breadth lat. pronot. angl. 2 millim.

Fig. 52. — Gar<jara ruhuda.

Hah. Calcutta {Imliaa 2Ius. 4' Coll Dist.).

Kurseong.

2192. Gargara affinis, sp. n.

Closely allied to the preceding species, 6-'. robusta, but pronotum
dark purplish-brown, not black ; tegmina without the apical mar-
ginal spots, the base purplish-brown, not black ; central carination
to pronotum much liner and more obscure, the pronotum distinctly
palely pilose, posterior process a little longer and more laterally
compressed.

Length 4 ; breadth lat. pronot. angl. 2 millim.

JIah. Bombay {Dixon). Tenasserim ; Myitta (DoJurtu),

2193. Gargara majiiscula, sp. n.

Body and legs black ; body beneath and legs greyishly pilose ;
tegmina pale bronzy-ochraceous, base black, veins (excluding those
of clavus and apical area) piceous ; pronotum broad and convex,
thickly finely punctate, the lateral angles slightly prominent ;
posterior process slightly passiiig the posterior angle of the inner

Fig. .53. — Gargara majuscuta.

margin of tegmina, centrally and laterally carinate, the central
carination very obsoletely continued on pronotum, apex acute ;
base of pronotal front and the face palely pilose ; basal black area
of tegmina coarsely punctate.

(32 membbacid.t:.

Length S ; breadth lat. prouot. angl. 4 millim.
lIaJ>. 8ikhiin : Mungj)hu.

This is the largest species of Gargara which has as yet been
found in British India, at least so far as my knowledge extends.

i'194. Gargara apicata, Melich. Houi. Faun. Ceylon, p. .124: (1903).

"A small species of short compressed form; face and pronotum
thickly and finely punctured, bUick, witli depressed yellowish-grey
hair, so that the upper surface appears greyish-yellow in colour ;
on pronotum tliere is a weak middle keel which is continued on
tlie short triangular posterior process ; tegmina thickly sprinkled
with rusty yellow, brownish at base, through the yellow hair of the
tegmina indistinct; apical area more hyaline, greyish- white, with a
more or less complete transverse band formed of black spots before
the apex, before the transverse band is a small black spot on costa ;
inside the rusty-brown basal area is generally a narrow transverse
line formed of white dots, which is usually interrupted at several
places ; underside black with sparingly-distributed greyish hairs ;
pectus more yellowly haired ; femora darl; brown ; apices of the
femora and tlie'tibia? and the tarsi rusty brown."' {Melichar.)

I have a few specimens from Ceylon which generally agree with
this description, but there is usually a distinct transverse band of
small white spots crossing middle of tegmina, which are evidently
variable in markings.

Length 3; breadth lat. prouot. angl. 2 millim.

Hah. Ceylon ; Peradeniya {Green).

2195. Gargara tumida, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 123 (1903).

Face, pronotum and body beneath piceous, very thickly, shortly,
finely, palely pilose ; sternum and basal halves of lateral abdominal
margins more or less cretaceously sericeous ; legs ochraceous,
shortly, thickly, palely i)Uose, coxse and femora (excluding apices)
piceous; tegmina subhyaline, the venation more or less fuscous,
apical margin broadly pale ochraceous, base piceous and punctate
followed by a transverse pale ochraceous fascia ; latei'al pronotal
angles prominent but not produced ; posterior process very short
and broad, with a subobsolete carinate line which is more obso-
letely continued on pronotum, the apex distinctly tricarinate and
not reaching apex of claval area ; tegmina with the veins on costal
area hnely palely pilose.

Length 5g-6| ; breadth lat. pronot. angl. 3 millim.

Hall. Ceylon; Kandy, Peradeniya, Maskeliya (6-'ree»); Puttalam
(Mus. Jlowjrois).

219(5. Gargara ferrugata, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 123 (1903).

Eace, pronotum and legs uniformly pale brownish-ochraceous ;
sternum and abdomen beneath piceous; tegmina a little darker
brownish-ochraceous, with the apical margins paler ; pronotum

GABGARA. G3

finely grauulose, a central fine carinate line traversing it and the
posterior process, lateral angles slightly pi'oniinent hut not pro-
duced ; posterior process short and rohu.st, impiuging on scutelluni
and tegmiua, narrowed and depressed towards apex, which extends
to the apex of claval area ; tegmina distinctly punctate at hase and
sparingly, more thickly so on costal area, clothed w ith very short,
fine, adpressed hairs ; coxse and bases of femora piceous, tarsal
claws piceous.

Length 3 to 3^ ; breadth lat. pronot. angl. 2 millim.

Hah. Ceylon; Peradeniya, Keshewa ((?rcfn); Weligama, Kandy
{Mus. Hongrois).

2197. Gargara citrea, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, body beneath and legs pale yellow; tegmiua
brownish-yellow ; apex of posterior prouotal process black ; disk
of sternum more or less piceous ; pronotum finely granulose ;
posterior process short, broad, strongly sinuate at base, its apex
subacute and reaching posterior angle of inner margin of tegmiua,
finely centrall}' carinate, the carination obscurely continued through
pronotum : pronotal lateral angles subprominent.

Length 44 millim.

Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta {Dolierty).

2198. Gargara sericea, sp. n.

Head and pronotum pale greyish- sericeously pilose: disk of
pronotum with two narrow central longitudinal castaueous fasciae,
on each side of which is a linear curved submarginal piceous fascia,
apices of the lateral angles and apex of the posterior process
piceous ; body beneath piceous, the lateral areas of the sternum
cretaceously sericeous; legs ochraceous ; tegmina very pale ochra-
ceous, the veins piceous and provided with very short fine hairs, on
disk and near apex sparingly sprinkled with small piceous spots,
the base piceous-brown, opaque; the close silky hairs on the pro-
notum distinctly prevent any punctures from being seen ; the
posterior process is robust, strongly coucavely sinuate on each side
of hase, considerably I'uised and centrally keeled, the apex acute and
reaching the posterior angle of the inner margin of the tegmiua,
where it is curved downward.

Length -i ; breadth lat. pronot. angl. 2 millim.

Hah. Ceylon ; Kerbuwa {Green).

2199. Gargara trinotata, sp. n.

Pronotum dark chocolate-brown, ^■ery thickly pilose ; disk ^\■ith
three greyish-sericeous longitudinal lines, the lateral ones curved
inwardly both anteriorly and posteriorly, middle of posterior process
greyishly sericeous ; face and body beneath black, lateral margins
of abdomen greyishly sericeous ; legs testaceous, femora (excluding
■apices) black ; tegmiua for basal three-fourths chocolate-brown, the

(54 MEMBRACID.E.

veins testaceous, the base darker, apical fourth hyaline, with a
transverse series of three black dots, the apical margin more or
less brownish ; posterior pronotal process strongly sinuate, the
apex recurved to posterior angle of inner tegminal margin, cen-
trally carinate, the carinatiou obsoletely continued through pro-
notum ; lateral angles subprominent.

Length 4^ millim.

Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Do7iert>/).

2200. Gargara myittse, .sp. n.

Head and pronotum castaneous-browu, body beneath paler
bro\v]i with the lateral areas of the steriniiu piceous ; legs pale
testaceous ; tegmina subhyaline, the base castaneous-browu, the
veins on disk darkly piceous, an irregular transverse fascia before
apex and the apical margin fuscous-brown ; pronotum thickly
coarsely punctate and sparingly pilose, the posterior process cen-
trally carinate, the carinatiou extending through the pronotum,
apex black and somewhat suddenly narrowed ; the brown basal
area of the tegmina distinctly punctate.

Length 5; breadth lat. pronot. angl. 2 millim.

Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta (DoJwrty).

2201. Gargara sikhimensis, sp. n.

Head and pronotum black, finely palely pilose, posterior pro-
notal process with its central area (excluding lateral margins)
ochraceous ; hody beneath black or piceous ; legs ochraceous,
femora (excluding apices) black ; tegmina subhyaline, the veins
piceous or fuscous, base piceous, immediately followed by a pale
transverse fascia, before apex an irregular transverse fuscous
fascia and the extreme apical margin of the same colour, apical
costal mai-frin ochraceous ; pronotum with the punctures indis-
tinctly seen through the pilose surface ; posterior process broad,
clearly coarsely punctate, with an obscure central carinatiou,
which is, however, very strongly pronounced on its apical area,
the lateral margins are a little convex and the apex somewhat
suddenly developed.

Length '> ; breadth lat. pronot. angl. 2;^ millim.

JJal). Sikhim. Madras Prov. : Kotagiri (Atlins. Coll. S- Brit.
3Ius.).

This species is to be recognized by the shape and colour of the
posterior pronotal process, its convex lateral margins, and by its
ochraceous central area not reaching the dark margins.

2202. Gargara rivulata, sp. n.

Head and pronotum black ; body beneath and legs piceous ;
tarsi brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina subhyaline, the venation, as
far as the connuencement of the apical areas, black, the veins of

GAEGABA. 65

the apical areas ocliraceous ; base, apical third of claval area, a
transverse fascia at base of apical area, whicli is inwardly obliquely
continued to apical margin, and the upper half of apical margin,
black ; pronotum granulose, the lateral angles obtusely subangu-
larly prominent ; the posterior process gradually narrowing to apex,
which is acute and reaching the posterior angle of the inner
margin of tegmina, centrally and laterally carinate, the central
carination finely continued through pronotum ; the black basal
area of tegmina coarsely punctate.

Length 5^ to 6 ; breadth pronot. angl. 3 millim.

Hah. Sikhim ; Mungphu {Colls. Dist. Sf Brit. Miis.).

Allied to G. sikJiimensis, but with the pronotum more robust ;
colour of legs and posterior pronotal process also different.

2203. Gargara mixta, Buckt. (Mserops) Monogr. Membrac p, 2.57,

t. lix, f. 8, a (1903).
Gargara variegata, Melich. Horn. Fmm. Ceylon, p. 123 (1903),
nom. prseocc. Sign. 1858.

Pronotum brownish-ocbraceous, very closely, thickly, palely
pilose, a central pale subcariuate line continued through pronotum
and its posterior process, the latter paler, mucli less pilose and
with its apex piceous ; face piceous, thickly palely pilose, in some
specimens the piceous ground-colour is invisible ; body beneath
piceous, legs ochraceous, coxae and bases of femora piceous ; teg-
mina greyish, semi-opaque, base and costal area ochraceous, in
some specimens the whole surface is more or less speckled with
fuscous and in others with the apical venation of that colour ;
pronotum with the lateral angles angularly prominent but not
produced; the posterior process robust, gradually narro\Aing to
apex, impinging on scutellum and tegmina and about reaching
the posterior angle of the inner margin of the latter.

Length 5 ; breadth lat. pronot. angl. 2| to 3 millim.

Hah. Bombay {Dixon) ; Calcutta {Coll. Dist.). Tenasserim ;
Myitta {Doherty). Ceylon ; Balongoda {BucJdon Coll.) ; Colombo,
Peradeniya {Green) ; Nalanda, Kekirawa, Puttalam {3Ius. Hon-
(jrois).

I have compared Buckton's type with a cotype of Melichar's
variegata kindly forwarded to me for that purpose by Dr. Horvath.

2204. Gargara flavolineata, sp. n.

Head and pronotum black, finely palely pilose, central area to
posterior process, and sometimes the central carinate line to
pronotum, ferruginous-brown ; body beneath and femora black,
apices of femora and tibiae and the tarsi dark ochraceous ; teg-
mina subhyaline, the base ferruginous-brown, opaque; pronotum
somewhat obscurely punctate or punctures mostly covered by
the pale pilosity; ])osterior process robust, reaching the posterior
angle of the inner margin of tegmina, centrally and laterally

TOL. IV. F

66 MEMBRACIDiE.

carinate, the central cariiiation continued tlirough pronoturn ;
tegmina with the dark opaque base punctate.

Length 4 to 4i ; breadth lat. pronot. angl. 2 uiillim.

Fig. 54. — Gargara flavolineata.

Hah. Bengal; Eanchi. Ceylon; Peradeniya {Green). Burma
{Bucldon Coll.).

In some specimens the ferruginous-brown area to the posterior
pronotal process is very obscure ; in others the apical margin to
the tegmiua is more or less fuscous.

2205. Gargara delimitata, sp. n.

Head, pronotum and legs castaneous-brown ; body beneath
piceous ; a piceous central longitudinal fascia on anterior area of
pronotum ; teguiina subhyaline. the base and a broad transverse
fascia beyond middle piceous-brovvn ; head and pronotum finely
palely pilose, the lateral angles obtusely subprominent ; the pos-
terior process nearly straight, apically acute and reaching posterior
angle of inner margin of tegmina, centrally and laterally carinate,
the central carination continued very finely and obscurely through
pronotum ; tegmina with the area of the basal opaque coloration
pilose and punctate.

Length 4 ; breadth pronot. angl. 2 millim.

Hab. Assam ; Margherita (Coll. Dist.).

2206. Gargara alboapicata, sp. n.

Piceous, very thickly palely pilose ; legs ochraceous, femora
(excluding apices) piceous ; tegmina piceous, a spot on clavus and
a narrow transverse fascia near end of clavus and extending about
halfway across tegmen, creamy- white, apex pale hyaline; prouotum
thickly punctate and pilose ; the posterior process short, broad at
base, from about middle narrowing to apex which is acute and
reaching posterior angle of inner tegminal margin, centrally
some\\hat strongly carinate, the carination continued obsoletely
through pronotum.

Length 3 millim.

Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta {Dolierty).

POGONTYPUS. 67

Genus POGONTYPUS, nov.

Type, P. comj^licatus, Melicli.

Distribution. Ceylon.

Intermediate between Gcm/ara and Machcerottipus. From the
first it is distinguished by the larger and more slender posterior
pronotal process and also by the strongly cur\ed veins to the
apical areas of the tegmina, thus resembling a radical character of
the genus Pogon ; from Machcerott/jnis it is separated by the
more obliquely curved veins to the tegminal apical areas, and also
by the posterior pronotal process which is not strongly elevated
above the scutellum, but is almost completely depressed to it and
the inner margins of the tegmina.

2207. Pogontypus complicatus, Melich. (Machaerotypus) Horn. Faun.
Ceylon, p. 125 (1903).

" Very close to M. discretus, Melich. ; the posterior pronotal
process depressed, weakly wave-like, curved, in middle and at tip
black; prouotum with three longitudinal keels, middle keel extend-
ing from anterior margin of pronotum over the whole surface

Fig. 5.5. — Pogontypus complicatus.

and passing into the upper corner of the spine process, lateral
keels very short, externally slightly convex; tegmina rusty-
yellowish, at base and on costal margin darker ; legs rusty-yellow."
yMdichar.~)

Length 4 millim.

Bah. Ceylon ; Xegombo, Pattipola {Mxis. Hongrois).

I am indebted to Dr. Ilorvath, of Budapest, for the opportunity
of figuring this species.

2208. Pogontypus horvathi, sp. n.

Pronotum ochraceous, its posterior process greyish-white; face,
middle and apex of posterior pronotal process and the tegmina
dark purplish ; tegmina with a costal spot at about one-fourth
from apex and the apical margin greyish-white ; sternum purplish-
brown ; abdomen beneath and legs ochraceous, abdominal seg-
ments with transverse purphsh-brown fasciae ; prouotum rugulose,
longitudinally tricarinate, the lateral carinations curved and abbre-

f2

68

AIEMBRACID^.

viated, the posterior process centrally and laterally carinate,
apically recurved, impinging on tegmina and passing tlie posterior
angle of inner margin.

Length 4 millim.

Hah. Ceylon; Yatiyantota ((rreen).

Genus MACH^ROTYPUS.

Machaerotypits, Uhler, Froc. U.S. Kat. Mus. xix, p. 284 (1896) ;
Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceijlon, p. 124 (1903).

Type, M. sellatiis, from Japan.

Distribution. Oriental and Eastern Palsearctic Regions.

Dr. Uhler does not appear to have described this genus beyond
the structural characters given in his description of the typical
species*. I therefore reproduce Melichar's description, which is
probably the valid one, and in that case M. incidtus, Melich. should
be the type of the genus.

Similar to Gargara in so far as the pronotum is only provided
with a posterior process, which, however, is not broadly triangular
as in Oargara, but long, slender, prismatic and generally more or
less strongly wave-like, curved ; the lateral processes are absent ;
tegmina somewhat long, with four apical cells (in Gargara three);
eyes very prominent, the slender posterior process induces a
comparison with Maclmrota (Melichar). We do not quite under-
stand Dr. Melichar's enumeration of the tegfminal apical cells in
the above description.

2209. Machaerotypus incultUS, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 124
(1903).

Head, pronotum and scutellum black ; body beneath black, the
legs testaceous ; tegmina bronzy subhyaline, the base, costal and
radial areas black ; pronotum somewhat coarsely punctate and

Fig. 56. — Mach(srofy2ms incidtua.

distinctly longitudinally carinate ; the posterior process slender,
centrally and laterally carinate, curved at base and remote from

* Mr. Samuel Hensliaw in his referential Catalogue of the Hemiptera,
described by Uhler (Psyche, 1903), only quotes the above publication for
Macharoty^ma.

DBMANGA. 69"

scutellura, apical area deflected and apex recurved, a little passing
posterior angle of inner margin of tegmina ; the black areas of
the tegmina very coarsely punctate. The second apical vein
(counting from inner margin) is more curved and like the first
than shown by the artist in the above figure.

Length 4| to 5 raillim.

Hah. Ceylon ; Pattipola {Miis. Hongrois Sf Coll. Dist.).

I am indebted to Dr. Horvath, of Budapest, for the specimen of
this species which is here figured.

2210. Machaerotypus ? discretus, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 125
(1903).

" Similar to M. incultus but more robust and more strongly
built, the posterior process distinctly wave-like, curved ; tegmina
pale yellowish, hyaline, the base and costal cell thickly punctured
and brownish ; behind the apex of clavus a brownish marginal
spot ; wings hyaline, vitreous ; legs rusty-brown, the femora
darker." (MelicJiar.)

Length 5 millim.

Hab. Ceylon {Berlin Museum).

I have not seen this species and therefore cannot state definitely
whether it should (according to my view) be placed in Machcero-
typus or in the previous genus I have proposed as Pogontypus.

Genus DEMANGA, nov.

Type, D. sooJcnana, Dist.

Distribution. British India.

Face strongly deflected ; ocelli about as far from eyes as from
each other ; pronotum laterally unarmed, the disk elevated, pos-
terior process at a distance from scutellum, straightly obliquely
deflected from near base and impinging on inner margin of teg-
mina near posterior angle ; scutellum about as long as broad,
the apex biangulate ; tegmina with four apical and two discoidal
areas ; legs simple ; the tibiie slightly ampliated ; wings with four
apical areas.

2211. Demanga sooknana, sp. n.

Head and pronotum black, thickly ochraceously pilose ; body

Fig. 57. — Demanga soohiana.
beneath black, very thickly, finely, palely pilose ; an ochraceous

70 MEMBKACID^.

sericeous spot on each side of apex of face before clypeus ; legs
castaueous, tlie femora (excluding apices) black ; tegmiua bronzy
subh valine, the venation castaneous-brown, brownish ly opaque
and coarsely punctate at base ; pronotum finely punctate, the
punctures almost hidden under the pilose surface, the lateral
angk's subangularly slightly prominent, the posterior process
strongly centrally and laterally carinate, the central carination
finely continued thi'oiigh pronotum, its apex acute and impinging
on the inner margin of tegmina a little beyond its posterior angle;
scutellum with a transverse sericeous ochraceous spot on each side
of basal margin.

Length 8 ; breadth pronot, angl. 3 millim.

Hab. Sookna, 533 feet.

Division COCCOSTERPHUSARIA.

In this division there is no complete scutellum ; the mesonotum
is armed at the apex with two distinct prolongations, acute or
otherwise ; the pronotum behind the lateral angles gradually passes
into the posterior process.

Synopsis of Getiera.

A. Pronotum tuberculous, the posterior pro-

cess concavely depressed at base and

laminately convexly raised at apex .... Coccosterphus, p. 70.

B. Pronotum not tuberculous, the posterior

process straight, neither raised nor con-
cavely sinuate.

a. Tegmina with three apical areas ;

posterior prouotal process short and

slender Yasa, p. 74.

b. Tegmina Avith five apical areas ; pos-

terior pronotal process moderately

long and broad on basal area ........ Kanada, p. 74.

Genus COCCOSTERPHUS.

Coccosterphus, Stal, Hem. Fahr. ii, p. 51 (1869) ; Atkins. J. A. S.B.
liv, p. 88 (1885) ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 120 (1903).

Type, C. 7ninutus, Fabr.

Distribution. Oriental Eegion.

*' Body small, obovate ; head with the eyes equal in breadth to the
anterior part of the pronotum, with the eyes deflexed, somewhat
transverse, slightly indexed beneath the eyes, front a little elevated,
not freely prominent, with the apical margin a little prominent ;
ocelli about twice as far apart from each other as from the eyes ;
pronotum moderately convex, laterally unarmed, gradually narrowed
behind the shghtly prominent lateral angles and gradually passing
into the posterior process ; posterior process entire on both sides
at base, not sinuate, gradually acuminate, straight, slightly deflexed
at apcix, reaching apex of clavus, somewhat highly ridged, much
depressed in the middle; no complete scutellum ; mesonotum

COCCOSTERPHUS. i 1

furnished on both sides at apex with a spinule turning backward ;
tegmina short, not extending beyond abdominal apex, gradually
somewhat amplified towards apex which is obliquely rounded,
opaque and coriaceous at the base ; exterior vein of clavus united
with the commissure at some distance beyond the middle ; corium
emitting the ulnar and radial veins from the base, ulnar vein
somewhat foi'ked before middle of corium, two discoidal areolas
or, if the areola behind the fork of the ulnar vein be included,
three, the exterior discoidal areole stylated, stylus separating the
interior (or intermediate) discoidal areole from the first apical
area, five apical areas ; wings with three apical areas ; legs
moderate ; tibite prismatic, anterior a little depressed ; anterior
trochanters unarmed within.

" A curious genus allied to Gargara, but very distinct in having
the pronotum behind the lateral angles gradually passing into the
posterior process which has no sinus at the base; there is no
produced complete scutellura, but the mesonotum is armed at the
apex with two very distinct spines." (Stdl.)

2212. Coccosterphus mimitus, Fabr. (Membracis) JEnt. Si/st. Suppl.

p. 514 (1798); id. (Ceutrotus) Syst. Rhijnq. p. 22 (1803);
Fairm. (Scaphula?) Ann. Soc. Fnt. Fr. 1846, p. 495; Stal
(Coccosterphus), Hein. Fabr. ii, p. 51 (1869) ; Atkins. J. A.
S. B. liv, p. 89 (1885); Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceijlon, p. 121
(190.3).

I have not seen this species which Stal has thus described : —

"Black, flavescent-greyish-sericeous ; head, pronotum and
tegmina remotely sprinkled with somewhat large granules ; pro-
notum furnished with a ridge or keel, obsolete anteriorly, very
elevated in the posterior process, in its medium depressed part
interrupted ; tegmina palely greyish-flavescent, subpellucid, ob-
soletely dotted with white, veins here and there infuscate,
granules and almost third basal part black, black part punctured,
ulnar vein running through this part greyish-flavescent." (Stdl.)

" (S . Long. 3^ ; lat. 2 millim."

''Hah. Tranquebar."

2213. Coccosterphus decoloratus, sp. n.

Black; tegmina variable in colour and pattern, being more or

Fig. 58. — Coccosterphus decoloratus.

less tinted with castaneous and cretaceous, sometimes the paler
coloration appears as in the specimen here figured, in other

72 MEMBRACIDiE.

examples there is a bi'oad subbasal and a broad subapical transverse
fascia, tlie black areas being more or less marked with small raised
cretaceous spots ; legs piceous, tarsi ochraceous ; pronotum strongly
tuberculous, strongly ridged and moderately arched, befoi-e the
base of posterior process it is obtusely angulate ; posterior process
concave at base and strongly convexly laminately produced before
apex, the central ridge finely tuberculous ; tegmina more or less
finely tuberculous, especially on the veins.

Length 2| millim.

Hab. Calcutta {Indian Mus. ^' Coll. Dist.).

2214. Coccosterphus tuberculatus, Motsch. (Anomus) Etial Ent.
viii, p. 109 (1859) ; Mclich. (Coccosterplius) Hont. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 121 (190;:i).
Gargara fasciata, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 122 (1903).

" Similar to variegata ; front and pronotum rusty-brown, thickly
and finely punctured, sparsely covered with extremely short,
depressed, greyish-white hairs ; the middle keel obsolete on
pronotum ; posterior process broad, triangular, reaching to tip of
clavus, straight, in middle distinctly keeled ; tegmina hyaline,
greyish-white, rusty-brown at base to nearly one-third of length of

Fig. 59. — CocTOs/erjjlrus tubci-culatu^.

tegmina and a rusty-brown transverse fascia beyond the middle,
extending from tip of clavus to costal margin, the transverse
fascia generally paler than the dark basal area ; all the veins rusty-
yellow ; wings hyaline with rusty-yellow veins ; pectus and abdomen
dark brown ; legs rusty-brown, claws darker." {Melicliar.)

The greyish-white markings on the front of the pronotum as
shown in the above figure are neither mentioned by Motschoulsky
nor Meliehar, who probably examined old specimens.

" Length $ 3| mihim."'

Hah. Ceylon; Peradeniya {Qrcen), Kala-Weisa and Puttalami
{fide Meliehar).

The specimen figured is a cotype of Gargara fasciata, Melich. in
the Museum Hougrois at Budapest, and was kindly sent to me
for that purpose by Dr. Horvath. I reproduce Melichar's
description.

COCCOSTERPHUS. 73

2215. Coccosterphus obscurus, sp. n.

Black, tegmiua piceous sprinkled with small cretaceous spots,
in some specimens, as the one here figured, the spots almost form
a central transverse fascia ; legs black, the tarsi stramineous ;
pronotum tuberculous and finely granulose between the tubercles.

Fig. 60. — CoccosterjilmH obscurus.

centrally the tubercles form a longitudinal carination ; posterior
process rather slender, laminately convexly gibbous before apex
which about reaches the posterior angle of the inner margin of
the tegmina ; tegmina very finely granulose at base.

Length 2^ to 3 millim.

Hah. Ceylon; Peradeniya, Heneratgoda (G^ree)i).

2210. Coccosterphus mucronicollis, Motsck. (Anomus) Utud. Ent.
viii, p. 109 (1859) ; Melich. (Coccosterphus) Horn. Faun.
Ceylon, p. 120 (1903).

^ Dark purplish-brown, finely greyishly pilose ; body beneath
piceous, posterior margins of the abdominal segments dull
ochraceous ; femora black, their apices and the tibia3 pale
testaceous, tarsi stramineous, the claws piceous ; tegmina purplish-

Fig. 61. — C'occosterp/ms imwronicollis.

brow-n sprinkled with small paler spots, base opaque and thickly
greyishly pilose, a few greyish-white spots in transverse series
usually immediately following the basal area and another similar
transverse series at about middle, apical area largely pale hyaline ;
pronotum densely pilose above which the tubercles are distinctly
visible; posterior process robust, moderately laminately convexly
gibbous before apex which does not reach the posterior angle of
the inner margin of the tegmina.

Length 4 to 5 ; breadth lat. pronot. angl. 2 millim.

Hah. Ceylon ; Kesbewa {Green).

•^

74 MEMBRACID^.

Genus YASA, nov.

Type, Y. greeni, Dist.

Listrihution. Ceylon.

Pronotmn without lateral processes, the posterior process short,
slender and recurved, its apex not nearly reaching the posterior
angle of the inner margin of the tegmina ; lateral angles of the
mesonotum visible, produced but not spinose ; tegmina somewhat
elongate, inner margin beyond clavus distinctly notched and
gibbously raised, apical areas three and very large ; ocelli nearer
to eyes than to each other ; posterior femora distinctly curved.

2217. Yasa greeni, sp. n.

Pace, pronotum and body beneath black ; femora black, their
apices and the tibiae and tarsi ochraceous, tibia) annulated with
fuscous ; tegmina subhyaline black at base and immediately
followed by a transverse pale fascia, central area piceous, darkest
on costal half, apical area pale hyaline, extreme apical margin

Fig. 62. — Yasa (/reenl.

connected with an oblique fascia which is again connected with a
transverse fascia joining inner n)argin near posterior angle, piceous ;
pronotum rugulose, the posterior 'process short, slender and
recurved, not extending beyond the scutellar region; veins of
tegmina clothed with line hairs, the dark basal area punctate;
tibiae coarsely pilose.

Length 6 ; breadth lat. pronot. angl. 2 to 2^ millim.

Hah. Ceylon; Peradeniya, Xandy {Oreen).

Grenus KANADA, nov.

Type, K. irvinei, Dist.

Distribution. Bengal.

Body subelongate ; face convexly deflected, ocelli almost as far
apart from each other as from eyes; pronotum subelongate,
laterally unarmed, strongly and broadly foveate on each side
behind eyes, only moderately convex, behind the lateral angles
gradually passing into the posterior process which is broad at base,
straight, acutely narrowed on its apical area, the apex reaching or
slightly passing the posterior angle of the inner margin of tegmina ;

KAN ABA.

75

no complete scutelluin ; raesonotum furnished on both sides at apex
with a somewhat long laminate spine directed backward ; femora
moderately thickened, tibiae strongly longitudinally grooved ;
tegmina extending beyond the abdominal apex, subhyaline, apical
areas five, discoidal areas two.

2218. Kanada irvinei, sp. n.

Pronotum ochraceons ; lateral foveae behind eyes and apex of
posterior process black ; face and sternum black, abdomen beneath
dull testaceous ; femora dull casta)ieous, their apices and the tibiae
and tarsi ochraceous, tarsal claws black ; tegmina subhyaline, talc-
like, wrinkled, base ochraceous and opaque ; pronotum thickly.

Fig. 63. — Kanada irvinei.

palely, finely pilose, lateral angles very obtusely prominent ;
posterior process slightly elevated at base, broad for about two-
thirds its length, then narrowed to apex which is elongately acute,
centrally carinately ridged, the carination very obscure and sub-
obsolete on disk of pronotum.

Length 3| millim.

Hah. Bengal ; Ranchi {Irvine).

Species reported from India, but apparently in error.

The following two species described under the genera
Hemij)tycha and ScapJiuIa, would, if their local habitats could be
authenticated, introduce a third subfamily, Barnince, into the
Membracidae of British India. This, however, is extremely un-
likely, but descriptions of the species are appended. Diagnoses
of the presumed genera are unnecessary.

2219. Hemiptycha crux, Linn. (Cicada) Syst. Nat. (ed. x.) i, p. 435
(1758) ; id. Mus. Lud. TJlr. p. 154 (1764) ; 8tal (Hemiptycha),
Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. x, p. 389 (1866); Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv,
p. 90 (1885).

" Puscous-testaceous ; thorax black, anteriorly obsoletely
sprinkled testaceous, behind the lateral processes broadly margined
with yellow, this yellow margin narrowed backward, extending
beyond the middle of the posterior process ; tegmina fuscous ;
pronotum distinctly punctulate, furnished with a very long and

76 MEMBRA.01D^.

strong horn above the lateral angles, compressed, turning outwards
and moderately upwards, at t!ie apex obHquely truncated,
anteriorly rounded, at the apex posteriorly acuminate, slightly
amplified towards tlie tip ; posterior process gradually acuminate,
extending a little beyond the tip of the tegmina, apex itself very
slightly recurved ; dorsum seen from the side somewhat straight
and with a distinct ridge, lateral margins straight." (St&l.)

Length 18 ; exp. lat. pronot. process. 17 millim.

Uab. India? {Jide Linnceus).

2220. Scaphula * semiatra, Fainn. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1846, p. 494,
t. iii, ft". 18, 19, t. vii, f. 20; Atikns. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 91

(1885).

" Brownish-black, shining ; pronotum somewhat elevated in the
middle, terminating posteriorly by a defined rounded border ;
tegmina free, shining black, tbe apical third transparent ;
abdomen beneath, anterior legs, knees and tarsi yellowish;
posterior legs blacki.sh."' (Fairmaire.)

" Length 6 millim.

Hub. Coromandei ? {Jide Fairmaire).

Gen ? fuscata, Fahr. (Membracis) Si/st. Bhyng. p. 9 (1803);
Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1846, p. 247; Atkms. J. A. S. B.
liv, p. 79 (1885).

" Thorax foliaceous, rounded, fuscous ; streak before the anterior
margin and posterior fascia white." (Fabricius.)

This species was localized as from " India," but it has never
been identified by other workers.

Zleidos VOmeris, Buckt. Monoqr. Membrac. p. 214, t. xlviii, f. 2, a
(1903) ; Melich, Wien. Ent. 'Zeit. xxiv, p. 296 (1905).

There is Httle doubt as to this being an Ethiopian species.
Buckton gave the habitat as Ceylon, probably misled by an
erroneous label on the specimen submitted to him (" WoUaston
Collection "). I now possess a cotype of the species identified
and labelled by Buckton himself from Old Calabar, and he more
recently described a species from Zanzibar in the same genus.
Moreover, Melichar has recorded K. vomeris from East Africa.

* Scaphula is a preoccupied name for which Kirkaldy has proposed Tristan
as a substitute (Entomologist, xxxiv, p. 6, 1901).

DARTHULA. 77

The following very peculiar genus affords considerable taxo-
nomical difficulty. Its describer seems quite correctly to have
placed it near "■^EthaUon, Latr.," which Stal has located at the end
of the Centrotince (Membracida?). Ashmead (' Ent. Americana,'
V, p. 125, 1889) uses uEthalion as the type of his subfamily
JEthaUonime, which he places in the Blythoscopidte, influenced by
the " general facies and the position of the ocelh."

The provisional view held here is that Darthula is allied to
jEtJialion and the position selected by Stal for the latter genus is
used, rather than that of Ashmead. Some caution is, however,
necessary in making this choice, for despite frequent statements
to the contrary, some writers, especially Bergroth and Eeuter, have
chosen to regard these volumes on tlie Indian Rhynchota as purely
taxonomical contributions and to severely criticise any departure
from what, according to their point of view, should be a compul-
sory classification. Prom this ruling we entirely dissent, and
regard final classificatory schemes as yet unattained. Our object
is to render the Indian Rhynchota recognizable, not for pedantic
division, but for the more important object of bionomical and
economic observation.

Genus DARTHULA.

Urophora, G. R. Gray *, Griff". Ed. Anim. Kingd., Ins. n, p. 261

(1832), nom. prseocc.
Darthula, Kirk. Entomologist, 1900, p. 242 (n. nom.).

Type, D. hardwicJci, Gray.

DistrihtUion. Oriental Region.

Face concealed beneath the frontal edge of pronotum, the eyes
only visible as seen from above, between eyes convexly transversely
ridged, before which it is foveate and beyond which it is laterally
deflected ; pronotum moderately compressed with a central strong
longitudinal lunulate ridge, as seen from above the lateral margins
narrowing anteriorly, the posterior margin carinate ; scutellum
distinct, triangular, apically subacute ; abdomen provided with a
long apical process, about or nearly as long as the whole body,
covered with long bristly hairs, with a strong triangular tubercle
at base, its apex inconspicuously bituberculate ; femora moderately
thickened, tibiae much shorter than femora, tarsi with the apical
joint longer than the two basal joints together, claws very robust ;
abdomen narrowing to apex, beneath concave, posterior segmental
margins ridged, above convex ; tegmina coriaceous, apically
narrowed, the apex obtusely subacute, costal margin moderately
convex, densely and reticulately veined, the veins raised and
prominent, costal area very broad ; wings shorter and narrower
than tegmina, with two long apical areas, anal area divided into
irregularly shaped interspaces.

* Kirkalcly {supra) gives Westwood as the describer of this genus and the
type hardwicki, but does not state his reason for doing so.

7S membracidjE.

2221. Darthula hardwicki, Grai/ (Urophora), Griff. Anim. Kincjd.f
Ins. ii, p. l'()l , t. xo, f. 3 ; *t. cxxxviii, f. 5 a, d (1832) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. B. liv, p. 116 (1885); Kirk. (Darthula) Entomologist,
1900, p. 242.

Pronotum and scutelluin ferruginous or piceous-brown, the
central and posterior marginal carinations paler in hue ; abdomen
and body beneath testaceous-brown ; femora testaceous, tibiae and
tarsi piceous ; tegmina ferruginous or piceous-brown, with the
venation testaceous ; pronotum finely rugulosely punctate, the

Fig. 64. — Darthula hardwicki.

central carination lamiuately raised ; abdomen above with the seg-
mental margins more or less ochraceous ; wings pale bronzy-brown ;
posterior process piceous or piceous-brown, clothed with erect
bristly hairs.

Length (excl. post, process) 12 to 17 ; length post, process 13
to 17 ; exp. tegm. 26 to 38 millim.

Hah. Sikhim. Assam ; Margherita (DoJierty), Khasi Hills
(Chennell), Naga Hills (Godivin-Atisten), Darjeehng (Coll. Dist,).
Nepal. Burma : Euby Mines {Dohertij). — W. Yunnan {Coll.
Dist.).

CERCOPID.K. 7^

Family CERCOPID^.

Ranatrse, Germ, (part) Mag. Ent. iv, p. 34 (1821).

Cercopides, Amy. 8,- Serv. Hem. p. 558 (184.'5).

Cercopida, Stal, Hem. Afric. iv, p. 54 (1866) ; id. Hem. Fab?-, ii,

p. 11 (1869) ; Fieb. Rev. Mag. Zool. (3) iii, p. 328 (1875).
Cercopina, Stdl, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fdrh. 1870, p. 718.
Cercopidse, Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 5 (1885).

Face convex, or produced and compressed on either side ; ocelli
two, placed near base of vertex ; pronotum large, sexangular or
trapezoidal ; scutellum (excepting in the Machcerothue) small or
medium sized, triangular ; teginina usually coriaceous ; legs remote
from the sides of the body, with the coxae, especially the posterior
pair, short ; tibiae cylindrical, the posterior pair furnished with one
or two spines and with a circlet of spiiiules at the apex.

The Cercopidse of British India are notable as including the
membracid-like Maehcerotince, and exhibiting a great abundance
of large and beautiful species in the Cercopince. We now possess
a considerable knowledge of the family. The Neotropical fauna
has been largely described by Stal, Berg, and Fowler. Stal,
Karsch, and the present writer among others, have described
many of the Ethiopian species and genera. The Nearctic and
Palaearctic Cercopidse are best known and more thoroughly worked ;
while Matsumura and Oshanin have lately published enumerations
and descriptions of those found in Japan and China. In Australia
probably most still requires to be done.

Syno2:)sis of Subfamilies.

A. Anterior margin of pronotum rounded or

angulate ; eyes moderately transverse.

a. Scutellum strongly elevated, posteriorly com-

pressed, armed with a long apical spine . . Macliceroiince.

b. Scutellum flat, triangular AphrophorirKX,

B. Anterior margin of pronotum straight ; eyes

equally long as broad Cercopinc^..

Subfamily I. MACHiEROTINvE.

Machaerotida, Stal, Hem. Afric. iv, p. 55 (18G6).
Machserotina, St&l, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fdrh. 1870, p. 727 ; Atkins.
J. A. S. B. liv, p. 22 (1885).

Anterior margin of pronotum round or angular ; legs usually
transverse ; scutellum much elevated, compressed posteriorly,
furnished with a long or moderately long apical spine.

This subfamily distinctly links the Membracidae with the
Cercopidae. Some writers reverse the position of these two
families ; but in either case the Machcerotince are placed next to
the Membracidse, with which they are often confused by those
who have not specially studied the Homoptera.

80 CEBCOPID^.

Synopsis of Oenera.

A. Scutelluni very prominent, obliquely raised,

and furnished with a long apical spine . , Mach.?<:rota, p. 80.

B. Scutelluni not prominently raised, centrally

ovately foveate, apical spine of moderate

length Machjebopsis, p, 84.

Genus MACH^ROTA.

Machserota, Burin. Handh. Ent. ii, 1, p. 1:28 (1835) ; Atkins.

J. A. S. B. liv, p. 22 (1885) ; Melicli. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 137

(1903).
Narnia, Walk. J. Linn. Soc, Zool. x, p. 192 (1868).

Type, M. ensifera, Burm.

Distribution. Oriental, Malayan, and Australasian Regions.

" Head small, face tumid, confluent with the vertex, furrowed
in the middle, elevated at the posterior margin, bearing the two
ocelli which are approximate ; basal joints of antenuae large,
terminal setae long, line, curved ; pronotum septangular, arcuate ;
scutelluni larger, produced backward, with a median longitudinal
grooA'e which is continued into a long, pointed, acute upwardly,
curved downwardly, sabre-like process ; tegmiua hyaline, with
seven cells at the apex and a large middle cell surrounded by a
forked-vein ; legs simple, hinder tibiag and two first joints of
tarsi with a circlet of spinules." (Burmeisier.)

The above description, as translated by Atkinson, gives all the
salient points of this remarkable genus, the peculiar habits of
which are detailed under the description of 21. guttigera, Westw.

2222. Machaerota ensifera, Burm. Handh. JS'rei. ii, 1, p. 128 (1835) ;
<S7<?/, Ofv. Vd.-Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 727 ; Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent.
(1879), Bull. p. xlviii ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 22 (1885).

Pale ochraceous, the second and third abdominal segments
above, face (excluding lateral margins), a space on each side of

Fig. Go. — Much(£rota ensifera.

metanotum, and the base of the posterior scutellar process, black;
pronotum with four longitudinal greyish fasciie, the lateral margins'
narrowly of the same colour ; scutellura w ith the lateral margins

MACn.lillOTA. 81

greyish, and centrally lonjritudinally more obsoletely of the same
colour; tegiuina pale ochraceous, subhyaline, the venation prominent
especially on apical area ; pronotum and scutellum finely granulose;
posterior process long, strongly arched, its apex extending rather
beyond the apices of tegmina.

Length incl. tegm. 6 millim.

Hah. Silliet {fide Slgmret), — Philippines.

2223. Machaerota giittigera, Westw. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1880, p. 332,
t. viii, ti'. 1-15; 3£elich. Horn. Faim. Ceylon, p. 137 (1903).

I have not seen this species. Westvvood writes : — "The Ceylon
insect agrees with the type {M. ensifera, Burin.) in size and
general appearance ; but the head is more pointed in front and
is concolorous, whereas it is black in M. ensifera, which latter is
destitute of the very minute dark dots with which the Ceylon
species is marked both on the body and also on the fore wino-s.
The specimens of the latter (preserved, however, in spirits) are
uniformly pale luteous-coloured, whilst in the Philippine insect
the prothorax is marked with fine slender brown longitudinal vittaj,
and the sides of the middle segments of the abdomen are black."
" Long. Corp. circ. lin. 3. Expans. tegminum circ. lin. 6."
Hah. Ceylon ('S'. Green, Oxford Mus.).

M. guttigera seems to come near the species described by
Walker as ^arnia rastrata, w'hich was taken by Wallace on the
island of Flores (J. Linn. Soc, Zool. x, p. 193, 1867).

Mr. Staniforth Grreen sent Prof. Westwood some valuable
bionomieal notes relative to this species. " The larva resides in a
tube, which is fixed on a twig or leaf-stalk of the Suriya tulip
tree (Adansonia digltata) on the end of the branches. The
perfect insect, no doubt, deposits its eggs in the same way that
Apropliora * spumaria lays hers ; but I have not yet noticed the
growth of the tube. I had one under observation for about a
week, and could, with the aid of a lens, see the movements of the
larva inside. Its position in the tube was head downwards, and
it seemed to be continually working its anus against and round
about the inside of the tube near its orifice. At intervals a clear
water-like fluid was discharged from its anus, ^\•hich would escape
from the tube drop by drop. I allowed some of this to fall upon
a clear slip of glass, but it did not seem to congeal. The water
seems to drop from the tube day and night, for I have seen it
dropping before sunrise. Our insect has a hfe of some weeks in
the larval state, and never shows itself outside of its tube until
it is ready to assume its perfect state. The change occurs early
in the morning, generally between six and se^en o'clock, shortly
after sunrise. First of all a quantity of little bubbles appear in
the form of a knot at the mouth of the tube. Then the pupa
comes out tail first, and takes up a position on the top of the
tube (transversely, like the letter T) and in the middle of the

* Ftyelus spicmarius, cf. p. 87.

VOL. lY.

82

CERCOPID.I.

bubbles. In about ten minutes it completely extricates itself
from its old skin, and the curved horn of its thorax seems to
uncurl .... The full-sized larva tubes are about half an inch long
and about a line in diameter. They are about the thickness of
writing-paper, of a dirty whitish colour, with the surface finely
trans verselv wrinkled."

Fig. 66. — Larval tubes of Machcerota guitigcra.

1, 2, 3. Tlie tube of the larva seen in difterent positions ; magnified.

4, 5. Basal portion of tbe tube,, showing the manner in wbich it is made
to clasp tbe twig to which it is atfixed. (After Westwood.)

Atkinson (J. A. S. B. Ivii, p. 336) states that he has pro-
cured several specimens of these tubes (sp. ?) on the common
Jujube {Ziz]ii)hus) in Calcutta. These were serpuliform and re-
sembled the letter J without the transverse bar at the top ; the
foot, too, was ciu'ved over to embrace the twig on which they
rested, and the length varied from halt to two-thirds of an inch.

2224. Machserota spangbergi, Su/n. Ann. Soc. Mit. Fr., Bull. 1879,
p. xlviii; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 22 (1885).

" Yellowish-brown ; the median part of the face, the tip of the
abdomen above, and the genital organs black ; legs brownish,
posterior tibia) yellow with the tips black. Differs from M. ensifera
in having the frontal grooves black, and the tegmina longer and
less rounded at the tip."

"Length 4 millim. $ ."

Hah. Silhet ( ^de Siijnoret).

In the British Museum collection are two specimens in bad
condition and labelled " India " which seem to agree fairly well
with the above description ; otherwise the species is unknown
to me.

MACHiEROTA. 83

2225. Machserota punctulata, Sim. Ann. Soc Ent. Fr., Bull. 1879,

p. xlix; Afkitis. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 23 (I880).

" Bro\vnish-yello\\-, with the middle of the face, the abdomen
above (except at the base), the legs (except the posterior tibia?),
and the frontal grooves, black ; several transverse black spots on
the pronotum, which is very finely punctured; metanotum brownish
with two yellow, lateral, basal spots, the tip and the process
blackish ; tegmina elongate, live-celled, aiid above the marginal
two to three others smaller, very distinct ; the hyaline veins are
spotted with several brown dots."

" Length 4 millim. $ ."

Hah. 8ilhet {fide Sifjnoret).

I have not seen this species.

2226. Machaerota andamanensis, sp. n.

Purplish-black ; face coucolorous ; scutellum ferruginous at
base, the posterior process ochraceous, an arcuate lateral fasciate
spot on each side near base, its posterior margin, and the base of
the posterior process greyish-white ; posterior tibise (excluding
base and apex) ochraceous ; tegmina hyaline, the base and venation
purplish-black. A slender elongate species ; pronotum and scu-
tellum iinely granulose, the lateral pronotal angles obtusely sub-
prominently angulate ; posterior scutellar process long, strongly
curved, slightly passing the tegminal apices ; tegmina narrow,
apically subacute.

Length inch tegm. G millim.

Hah. Andaman Islands {Rogers, Brit. Mus.').

2227. Machzerota flavolineata, sp. n.

Head black, margins of vertex, and face ochraceous ; pronotum
and scutellum dark purplish-brown, the first with a fine central
carination and the lateral mjirgins a little paler in hue ; scutellum
with a broad elongate spot at each basal angle, its posterior
margin, the margins of the posterior groove, and a small spot at
base of posterior process stramineous or ochraceous ; posterior
process castaneous, black at base and apex ; sternum dark purplish-
brown ; abdomen piceous, ochraceous above near base; femora dark
castaneous or piceous, tibioe and tarsi ochraceous ; tegmina pale
shining ochraceous, subhyaline, purplish-brown at extreme base ;
pronotum and scutellum granulose, posterior process only mode-
rately curved and not reaching tegminal apices ; pronotum broad
and robust, the lateral angles broadly subprominent.

Length inch tegm. 7 millim.

Hah. Burma ; Karen Hills {DoTierty). Tenasserim ; Myitta
{Dolierty).

g2

84 CERCOPID^.

2228. Macliaerota planitiae, sp. n.

Body above pale ta\vn\^-brown ; a spot at apex of vertex and
three longitudiual augulated series of small dots ou each side of
pronotum, the outermost of \\hich is marginal, black ; a central
carination and the posterior lateral margins to pronotum ochra-
ceous ; basal lateral margins and a central carination to scutellum
ochraceous, its apical area and posterior spine castaneous, the
latter with an elongate ochraceous spot at base : abdomen above
pale ochraceous, laterally and apically black ; face centrally lon-
gitudinally black, the lateral striations castaneous ; body beneath
and legs brownish-ochraceous, posterior tibia? (excluding bases and
apices) stramineous ; tegmina subh3^aline, talc-like, when closed
the basal two-thirds reflecting the dark body beneath, most of the
veins finely spotted with fuscous, the subapical margin more
prominently fuscous ; pronotum palely pilose, which partly hides
the coarse punctures beneath ; scutellar spine about reaching apex
of tegmina, but longly passing apex of abdomen, elevated and
strongly curved downward ; the scutellum thickly punctate.

Length excl. tegm. 7 millim.

Hah. Bengal; Pusa, Eajputtee, Muzaffarpur (if//'oy). Bombay
Province ; Igatpuri {Lefroy).

Genus MACH^ROPSIS.

Machseropsis, Mdich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 137 (1903).

Type, ill. valida, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.

Head broad and short, about half the medial length of pro-
notum, the apex laterally and transversely incised for the reception
of base of face ; ocelli placed behind this restricted area and much
nearer to each other than to eyes ; face globose, transversely
striate ; pronotum convex, anteriorly reclined, very strongly angu-
larly excavate before scutellum, anteriorly convexly rounded,
anterior lateral margins short and slightly projecting ; scutellum
very large and long, centrally ovately foveate, beyond ^\•hich it
terminates in a prominent robust spine ; tegmina talc-like, sub-
hyaline, the veins very prominent and robust, the central margin
arched from a little beyond base, three apical and three discoidal
areas, claval area containing three distinct cells, costal area
moderately broad and excavate ; wings hyaline, anal area broad
with a central vein not reaching its apex, its outer vein furcate at
apex; legs moderate, posterior tibiae with a central spine; abdomen
short, robust, compressed.

2229. Machaeropsis valida, Melick. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 138, t. iv,

f. 19, a, b, c (1903).

Body and legs ferruginous-brown, more or less shaded with

APHROPnORIN.i:.

85

black ; seutellum brownish-ochraceous ; body beneath and legs a
little paler than above ; face with the striations and the posterior
central area black; legs streaked with ferruginous-brown; tegmina
tale-hke, semihyaline, the veins and apical marginal nreacastaneous-
brown, the veins and costal area spotted with black ; wings pale

Fig. Ql .—Machceropais valida.

hyaline, the venation fuscous ; head transversely wrinkled ; pro-
notum transversely striate ; foveate area of the seutellum faintly
transverse!)^ striate.

Length excl. tegm. 6| millim. ; exp. tegm. 18 miUiui.

Hah. Ceylon ; Maskeliya {Oreen).

Subfamily II. APHROPHORIN^.

Apliropliorides, Amy. 4' Sen-. Hem. p. .568 (1843).
Aphrophorida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, pp. o5 & 66 (1866).
Apbrophorina, .S7«/, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 722.
Ptyehiia?, Fowler, Biol. C'e72tr.-Am., Rhi/nch. Horn, ii, p. 190 (1897).
Cerco])inje, A7/-/.:. Hep. Exp. Stat. Haw. Plant. Assoc, pt. ix, p. 880
(1906).

The Apbrophorina), like the jMachasrotinse, have the anterior
margin of the pronotum rounded or angulate, and the eyes mode-
lately transverse, but differ by having the seutellum of ordinary
size, flat, and triangular.

The Aphrophoriuae reach their maximum development in the
Ethiopian Eegion, especially in the genus Ftiiehis. Many of the
Aphrophorinse secrete a quantity of fluid and in the immature
stages emit this fluid in the form of bubbles, and are thus known
as " cuckoo-spits " or " frog-spits." These bubbles conceal the
insect, and are considered by some as exhibiting a protective
device. In Madagascar Pti/elus f/oiidoti has been reported to exude
so much fluid, that five or six dozen larvce can about fill a quart
vessel in an hour and a half. The Apbrophorina) are almost
universally distributed.

86 ceecopidjE.

Synopsis of Genera.

A. Vortex of Lead broader than long, convexly
rounded anteriorly.

a. Head and pronotum not centrally longitudin-

ally carinate.
a. Ocelli about equally or farther removed
from each other tlian from eyes.
d'. Face more or less convexly produced.
«^. Clypeus slightly passing the apices

of the anterior coxa; .\ PooPHiLVS, p. 86.

fr. Clypeus reaching but not extending

beyond the apices of anterior coxre . Ptyelus, p. 87.
/>'. Face more or less flattened, not con-
vexly produced Clovia, p. 93.

/>. Ocelli faillier removed from eyes than from
each other.

a'. Posterior tibite with two spines Lepyronia, p. 97.

h'. Posterior tibis; with one spine Thoodzata, p. 98.

b. Head and pronotum distinctly centrall}' lon-

gitudinally carinate.
a. Head and pronotum Avith a single central

carination , Aphrophora, p. 99.

l>. Pronotum tricavinate Jejibrana, p. 104.

c. Head only centrally carinate ; pronotum uon-

carinate' " Sounama, p. 105.

Ij. Vertex of head as long or longer than broad,
siibangularly or elongately produced.

a. Head not carinate. Ocelli nearer to each

otlier than to eyes Mandesa, p. 106.

b. H ead centrally and laterally carinate.

((. Ocelli as near eyes as to each other. Face

sulcata Daha, p. 107.

/j. Ocelli a little nearer to eyes than to each

other. Face centrally carinate Philagra, p. 107.

Geuus POOPHILUS.
Poophilus, Stdl, Hon. Afr. iv, p. 72 (18GG).

Type P. acttiosus, Stal, a South-African species.

Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Kegions.

Head subangularly rounded, above flattened, a little narrower
than the pronotum, anterior margin acute ; face moderately
convex, ohsoletely transversely strigose, medially interrupted ; apex
of clypeus well produced, slightly passing the apices of the anterior
coxte ; ocelh about equally far removed from eyes as from eacli
other ; pronotum sexangulate, tlie anterior lateral margins very
short, anterior margin broadly rounded; tegmiua apically narrowed,
apex narrowed, commissural margin to apex of tegmen straight,
behind clavus neither angulate nor rounded, costal margin rounded;
wdngs shorter and broader than tegmina.

2230. Poophilus costalis. Walk. (Ptvelus) List Horn. iii. p. 707
(18.>1); Situ, Of P. Vet. -Ah. Fork. 1802, p. 493 ; ^^/.-w.s. (Poo-
philus) J. A. k B. liv. p. 114 (188.3); Melich. (Ptyelus) Ho7n.
Faun. Ccijhn, p. 134 (190.".).

PITELUS. 87

Ptyelus concolor, Walk. Lint Horn, iii, p. 715 (1851).

Ptyelus dolosu.s Wa/k. List Horn. Sinq.l. p. 189 (1858) ; Stdl, Ofv.

Vet.-Ak. Fork. I8U2, p. 49;}. '

Ptyelus imnuitatus, Walk. J. Limi. Soc, Zool. \, p. 96 (1857).
Ptyelus rotuudatus, *S'u/». m Thorns. Arcli. Ent. ii, p. 332 (1858).
Ptyelus nataleusis, !sial, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1855, p. 97: id.

(Poophihis) Hem. Afr. iv, p. 74 (186(3).

Pale tawny or tawny-brown, shortly, thickly, griseously pilose
or pubescent ; central apical margin to vertex with five very small
black spots ; face (more or less), disk of sternum, and the anterior
and intermediate legs fuscous or piceous, apices of the femora

^^S

Fig. 68. — Fooi^Mlus cost alls.

pale ; tegmina with the costal margin paler, the paler coloration
becoming broader on apical area.

Lengtli 9 to 10 millim.

Jlah. Dacca, Pusa (Lefroy) ; Bombay (Leith cf- DLvon) ; Surat
(Lefroy) ; Calcutta (Ind. JIus.) ; Bangalore {Cameron) ; Dum Dum
(Paiva); Darjiling {Coll. Dist.); Karachi {Coll. List.). Ceylon;
Peradeuiya, Nalanda, Anuradhapura {fide Melichar). — Singapore
{Wallace). South and AVest Africa {fide ^tal). ]N'atal {Brit.
Mus.). jS^yasaland {Coll. Dist.).

Genus PTYELUS.

Ptyelus, St. Farg. ^- Serv. Enc. Meth. x, ]). 60S (1825) ; Am;/. S^- Serv.

i7e»). p. 56G (1843); Matsum. Journ. Sdppora, Ar/r. Coll. p. 48

(1903).
Pliila^nus, Stal, Steit. ent. Zeif. xxv, p. C6 (18G4) ; Fuickr, Biol.

Centr.-Am., Jihynch. Horn, ii, p. 193 (1897).

Type, P. spumarius., Linn., a Pala^arctic species.

Distribution. Almost universally distributed.

Head with the vertex much broader than long, convexly rounded
anteriorly ; face more or less convexly produced, transversely
striate but medially interrupted ; clypeus not passing the apices of
anterior coxaj ; neither vertex nor pronotum centrally carinate ;
pronotum large, convex at anterior margin, deeply subangularly
sinuate before scutellum ; tegmina coriaceous, about three times

8S CERC'OPlDiE.

as long as broad, costal margin convex, apices nari'owed ; wings
about one-fourth shorter than tegmina ; posterior tibipe with two
spines.

It is in the Ethiopian Eegion that this genus is represented by
the largest and most beautiful species.

2231. Ptyelus nebulosus, Fabr. (Cercopis) Si/st. Ent. iv, p. 50, 14
(1794) ; i(l Syst. llhywj. p. 94 (1803) ; SiM (Clovia), Kern. Fahr.
ii, p. 16 (1869) ; Atkhis. J. A. ,S. B. liv, p. 21 (1885).

Ptvehis quadrideiis, JJ'all,-. List Horn, iii, p. 711 (1851) : Stal,
Ofv. Vct.-Ak. Fork. 1802, ]). 493.

Ptjelus giittifer. Walk. List Horn, iii, p. 712 (1851) ; Stil (Clovia),
Hem. Afr. iv, p. 75 (1866) ; Atkins. J. A. S. li. liv, p. 20
(1885). ■ ' ^

Very pale yellowish-grey, distinctly and thickly pilose; two
small black sj^ols on anterior margin of head, visible both above
and beneath ; tegmina obscurely or darkly fuscous, with a very
oblique anterior fascia, a somewhat large spot varied with fuscous
at the commissure, an obliquely transverse spot beyond the middle
of the_ costal margin, and a minute costal spot towards the apex,
yellowish-grey ; in some specimens the pronotum possesses two
central, more or less abbreviated dark longitudinal lines and a
lateral subtriangular spot, but in the specimens I have examined
these are generally absent, the lateral margins of the scutellum are
also sometimes fuscescent ; the vertex is slightly shorter than the
pronotum at middle, and is subangularly rounded in front ; the
pronotum has two small but distinct foveate spots near its anterior
margin and is posteriorly angularly sinuate ; the face is distinctly
transversely striate on its lateral areas ; tegmina about two and a
half times as long as broad.

Length 9 to 10 milHm.

Hah. North Bengal {Miss Camphell, Brit. Ilns.) ; Jamalpur
(Lefroy) ; Calcutta (Brit. Mus.) ; Bombav {Di.voyi) ; Igatpuri,
Dacca (ie/jw/) ; Bangalore {Cameron, Incl Mus.); Madras iColi
Dist.). Ceylon ; Eppawela {Green).

2232. Ptyelus affinis, sp. n.

A larger species than P. neJmlosvs, with the vertex of head pro-
portionally shorter to length of pronotum.

Dark fuscous-brown ; thickly ])ilose ; vertex, anterior marginal
area of pronotum, sometimes more than half the area, face, two
costal spots, a large irregular (both in shape and size) inner mar-
gmal iascia, and the apical area of the tegmina, ochraceous • body
beneath and legs ochraceous; face with two black spots at anterior
margm. ^

Var. rt. Above nearly uniformly pale brownish, the pale ochra-
ceous markings much more obscure, and the head and pronotum
MlToUy ot that colour with obscure longitudinal darker lines.

Var. 6. lace with a central longitudinal piceous fascia.

PTYELUS.

89

Vertex of head distinctly shorter than central length of pro-
notum, which is posteriorly angularly sinuate; tegniina two and a
half times as lonp^ as broad.

Length 10 to 12 niilliin.

Hub. Calcutta {Coll. List.) ; Bombay {Dixon) ; jS'agpar, Mun-
shiganj and Pusa {Lefroy). Burma ; Maymyo {Bhujham).

2233. Ptyelits praefractus, sp. n.

Head and pronotum pale ochraceous ; basal area of pronotmii,
scutellum, and tegmina very dark castaneous-brown ; an irregular
transverse fascia crossing tegmen at middle and an oblique sub-
apical costal spot greyish-white ; body beneath and legs pale

ochraceous ; a marginal spot before
each eye, disk of sternum between
anterior and intermediate coxa), and
apices of tarsi dark castaneous :
vertex of head with an enclosed
rectangular space at anterior mar-
gin, the head much shorter than
the pronotum ; pronotum finely
tomentose, with a transverse series
of fine irreo-ular foveations on its
anterior area; tegmina finely tomen-
tose ; face brond, globose, finely
transversely striate on each side,
centrally longitudinally flattened
and non-striate.
Vur. Tegmina concolorous, without the greyish-white markings.
Length 11 millim.
Huh. Trivandrum {Coll. Dist.). Burma {Coll. Dlsf.).

Fiof. (■)',). — Ftyclus lyrcefractus.

2234. PtyelllS hirsutus, KirJnj (Phila?inis), /. Linn. Sac, Zool. xxiv-
].. KiO (1S91) ; MelicJi. (Ptyelus) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 134
(1903j.

" Brownish-testaceous ; front transversely striated, separated by
a broad undivided medial space; two black spots, slightly showing-
above, just below the middle of the convex and somewhat flattened
I'im of the head ; antennae, tips of hind tibite, and tarsal claws
black ; tegmina pointed, with a pale oblique fascia on the
costa before the tip, a black spot at the tip, and another in a pale
ring, on the inner margin, at the extremity of the principal
nervure ; in one specimen a great part of the outer two-thirds of
the tegmina is blackish on the costa, as far as the oblique band ; it
is intersected at about two-thirds of tlie length of the costa by a
square pale patch on the costa, nearly connected with the point of
a pale subtriangular mark in the middle of the tegmina ; the
hinder portion of this dark space is concave towards the luiddle
of the tegmina, and runs narrowly towards the inner margin of

90 CEKCOPID^.

tlie basal side of tlie pale space ; the whole insect is so thickly
covered with short pale bristles as to entirely conceal the sculp-
ture." {Kirhy.)

I have thoiiglit it best to give Mr. Kirby's original description.
Tiie head is about as long as the medial length of the prouotum.

Length 8 to U millim.

Hah. Ceylon ; Putlam, Colombo, Kandy {Green). — Malay Pen-
insula ; Perak,

223'). Ptyelus siilcatiis, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutelluui ochraceous-brown ; body beneath
and legs paler : tegmina fuscous-brown, a spot near base and an
oblique central fascia extending from clavus to costal margin
black ; three pale ochraceous spots on costal margin, one before
middle, another beyond middle, and the third small and subapical;
tarsal claws black ; body above somewhat thickly and palely pilose;
eyes black ; head shorrer than medial length of pronotum and
subangularly rounded in front ; pronotum centrally longitudinally
sulcate from anterior margin to disk, its posterior mai'gin sub-
angularly sinuate ; tegmina two and a half times as long as broad.

A slender elongate species to be recognized by the sulcate
pronotum.

Length 8 millim.

Hah. Nepal ; 8oondrijal.

223G. Ptyelus majusculus, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, and tegmina castaneous-brown ;
abdomen above, body beneath and legs black or piceous ; margin
of abdominal segments ochraceous ; wings pale fuliginous with
some darker basal streaks, and the veins fuscous ; vertex and
pronotum very shortly finely pilose, the first about half of the
medial length of the latter : scutelhim with faint transverse stria-
tions ; anterior margin of head beneath pale castaneous ; face
regularly transversely striated but medially interrupted ; posterior
tibia; with two long spines.

Length excl. tegm. 12^ ; exp. tegm. oo millim.

Hah. Assam ; Margherita {Coll. Dlst.).

This is the largest species from British India with which I am
acquainted.

2237. Ptyelus inconspicuus, sp. u.

Vertex of head, pronotum and scutellum brownish ochraceous,
very thickly, finely and shortly ])ilose ; body beneath and legs
black or piceous ; abdomen above shining black, the abdominal
segmental niargins ochraceous ; base of rostrum testaceous ; teg-
mina ochreous-brown ; wings slightly fuliginous, a little more so
on apical areas, the veins fuscous ; head beneath and sternum
thickly, finely, palely pilose, face broadly centrally black, laterally

PTTELUS.

91

brownish, the transverse striations only distinct on the lateral
areas, centrally broadly depressed ; posterior tibiae with two long
spines ; anal segment of abdomen above spotted with ochraceous.

Length excl. tegm. 10 millim. ; exp. tegm. 20 inillini.

Hah. Bombay [DLvon).

2238. Ptyelus sexvittatus. Wall,: List Horn, iii, p. 715 (1851) ; Afkms.
J. A. S. B. liv, p. 115 (1885),

Head, pronotum, and scutellum pale ochraceous, the head and
pronotum with six longitudinal dark castaneous fasciae, the lateral
ones on head interrupted by the eyes, and the two central ones on

pronotum continued on scutellnm ;
posterior disk of face, clypeus,
disk of prosternura, and abdomen
beneath black ; segmental inci-
sures, coxae and legs stramineous ;
a black spot on each side of face
at inner margins of eyes, and the
striations to anterior pale area
also black ; tegmina black, with
three large greyish-white spots,
one transverse near middle, the
other two beyond it, one on inner
and one on costal margin ; in some
specimens as the one above figured,
there are two longitudinal basal
ochraceous spots and the basal costal margin of the same colour.

The species varies in a tendency to melanism.

Length 6 to 7 millim.

Hah. " North India " {Warwlsl:, Brit. Mas.). Bombay {Lelth Jf
Dixon, Coll. Dist.).

Fig. 70. — Ftijelas sexvlttaiuf.

2239. Ptyelus siibfasciatus, Walk. List JLm. iii, p. 7:>4 (1851) ;

AtkiNs. J. A. ;S'. L'. liv, p. 116
(1885).

Head ochraceous
scure brownish
fascise ; pronotum ochraceous,
with six longitudinal fasciae and
the lateral

with ob-
longitudinal

margins umber-
brown ; scutellum with two
longitudinal fasciae ; head and
body beneath ochraceous ; pos-
terior disk of face, clypeus,
and disk of prosternum black
or piceous : abdomen above pi-
ceous-brown, the segmental
margins and apex oehraceoiis ;
tegmina pale creamy - white, semi- opaque ; cla\al area, two

Fig. 1\.— Ptyelus suhjasciatus.

92 CEncopiDiE.

irregular broad transverse fasciae, one near base the other beyond
middle, the latter narrowly connected with a broad apical margin,
umber-brown ; legs pale ochraceous.

Length 5 millim.

Hah. "N. India" {Brit. Mus.). Piisa, Shripur (Lefroy).

This appears to be a very variable species. In some specimens
sent by Mr. Lefroy the dark fasciae to the tegmiua are very pale,
and in some places almost obliterated.

2240. Ptyelus declaratus, Mdic/i. Horn. Faun. Ccyloji, p. 133 (1903).

" Body somewhat long, upper surface black with thick depressed
grey hairs ; vertex and anterior border of pronotumpale yellowish,
tegmina with several pale yellow spots ; on the vertex between the
eyes a narrow rusty-vellovv transverse fascia, within which lie the
ocelli ; (m the face part of vertical upper plate an X-shaped rusty-
yellow figure, on both sides of this plate a short longitudinal dash;
face pale yellow, with brownish transverse furrows on each side
and two black dots at tip ; antennae black ; eyes somewhat long,
oval, brown ; in the front pale border of the pronotum a few
indistinct rusty-yellow spots, posterior margin of pronotum,
especially the hinder angles, usually yellowish-white ; scutelluai
black, with two longitudinal stripes coalescing in front in an acute
angle and the apex yellow ; tegmina somewhat long, pointed
behind, black, with pale yellow spots, and an usually indented
oblique transverse spot in corium and clavus inclusive, before the
middle on the claval suture, outside this a roundish spot frequently
connected with a marginal spot on costal margin, and a similar
obhque almost quadrate marginal spot beyond nnddle ; on tip of
clavus and adjoining parts of corium a group of several iudistinct
small spots, costal margin yellowish ; wings fuliginous with dark
veins ; pectus pale yellow, middle of mesopectus black ; abdomen
and legs pale yellow, tips of spines and claws black.*' {Melkliar.)

"Length 10 millim."

Ilah. Ceylon; Peradeniya, Kandy, Negombo, Patalam, Matala
{Ji<le Melichar).

I have not seen this species.

2241. Ptyelus pallidus, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 135 (1903).

" Pale stramineous, with thick silk-like depressed hairs ; vertex
as long as pronotum, rounded, slightly arched ; face longer than
broad ; two little brownish spots visible in scutellum which are
generally covered by the hind border of pronotum ; a very small
brown dot behind the tip of clavus; body beneath and legs pale
yellowish ; middle of pectus black ; tips of spines to posterior
tibite and all the claws, black.

"This species is like a pale variety of P. spmnarlus, hwt the
shape is considerably smaller and the face longer and more rounded
at tip." {Melichar.)

CLOriA.

93

"Length 4^ luillim."
Hah. Trichiuopoly {Mus. ffonr/rois).

I have no knowledge of tliis species, and therefore reproduce
Dr. Melichar's description.

Genus CLOVIA.

Clovia, Stdl, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 7o (186G) ; id. Ofo. Vef.-Ak. Frirh.
1870, p. 724 ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. \\\, p. 20 (1885) ; Melich. Horn.
Faun. Ceylon, p. 135 (1903).

Type, C. hi(/oti, Sign., a West-African species.

Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australasian "Regions.

Head as broad as the pronotum, rounded anteriorly or sub-
angularly rounded, varying in length, Hat above, anterior margin
o£ the lobes o£ the vertex acute, not furrowed; face somewhat
convex ; clypeus moderately produced at apex, not extending
beyond apices of the anterior coxse ; ocelli variable in position ;
pronotum sexangular, with the anterior lateral margins usually
very short, parallel, or very slightly diverging backward ; scu-
tellum longer than broad ; tegmiua with the commissural margin
beyond apex of clavus subangulated or a little rounded ; posterior
tibiae bispinose. (Stdl.)

ii242. Clovia conifer, Walk. (Ptyelus) Lid Horn, iii, p. 711 (1851) ;

Atki7is. (Clovia) J. A. S. B. liv, p. 114 (1885).
Ptvelus simulaiis, Walk. Lid Horn, iii, p. 717 (1851).
Ptvelus freiuilatus, St°d, Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1854, p. 250 ; id.

Fveq. Eur;. Resa. Ins. p. 286 (1859) ; id. Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork.

1862, p. 493 ; id'. (Clovia) torn. cit. 1870, p. 726.

Elavescent, testaceous or fuscous, subsericeous ; vertex and
pronotum in some specimens with distinct darker longitudinal

Fig. 72. — Clovia conifer.

lines, in others these are obsolete ; face castaneous with ochra-
ceous margins ; lateral areas of the sternum castaneous, with a

94 CEECOPID^.

Joiigitiulinal ocliraceous fascia ; legs ochraceous, annulated with
dark castaneous, in some specimens nearly wholly castaneous with
the tarsi ochraceous; tegmiiia with a large median and larger
apical, costal, hyaline or svibh3'aline spot; head hetween the eyes
subtriangularly rounded, its length almost as long as centre of
pronotiim, which is posteriorly angularly sinuate : tegmina about
two and a half times as long as broad.

Length 8 milHu).

Hah. iSikhim : Mungphu. Nilgiri Hills (//fo^^xson). Munshigauj,
Eastern Bengal and Assam {Lefroy). Burma ; Rangoon {Bingham),
liuby Mines (DoJierti/). — Malay Peninsula. Java. Philippines.

A variable species in colour and markings. When the tegmina
are dark in hue the })ale spots are very conspicuous, and are some-
times pale ochraceous and not hyaline ; in pale-coloured specimens
the spots are much more indistinct.

2243. Clovia puncta. Walk. (Ptyelus) List Horn, in, p. 718 (1851);
Stcil, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1802, p. 493 ; Atkms. (Clovia)
J. A. S. 5. liv, p. 115 (1885).
Ptyelus bipunctipeunis, StRl, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1854, p. 250 ;
id. (Clovia) Ile^n. Afr. iv, p. 75 (1866).

Pale tawny-brown, thickly, shortly and finely more palely
pilose ; face with the disk more or less piceous, its latei'al margins
and lateral margins of sternum continuously greyish; sternum
with a piceous spot behind each anterior coxa ; tegmina with a
small black spot at posterior angle of inner margin ; head a little
shorter than the medial length of pronotum, anterior central area
with three pale longitudinal lines ; anterior margin of face pale
ochraceous, with a black spot on each side ; pronotum with some
very indistinct darker longitudinal lines.

Length 6 millim.

Hah. Sikhim ; . Mungphu (Atlinson). Pusa, Muzaffarpur,
Palamau, Nagpur (Lefroy). Bombay (Dixon). Surat, Poona
(Lefroy). Calcutta.

A very distinct species by its almost uniform pale coloration
above, with the black spot near the apex of inner margin to
tegmina.

Atkinson (J. A. S. B. Iv, p. 196, 1886) states that this species
" includes apparently Ptyelus orienialis, Stfil (Freg. Eug. Eesa,
Hem. p. 287, 1859) from China," which seems a well-founded
suggestion.

2244. Clovia bipiinctata, Kirhi/, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 163
(1891); Melich. Horn. Fmm. Ceylon, p. 136 (1903).

Allied to C. imncta in colour and markings, but with the

CLOVIA.

95

apical area of the tegmina subhyaline and crossed by two

irregularly bent oblique tawny
fasciae, the subapical margin of
the same colour, a black spot at
posterior angle of inner margin ;
head as long as medial length
of pronotum.

To be distinguished from the
preceding species by the greater
lengtli of the head and the
different markings to the apical
area of the tegmina.

Lenixth 6 to 8 millini.

Hab. Beugal ; Pusa (/^(?/ro7/).
CnicnXt^ {Anuandale). Ceylon ;
Pundaluoya {Green).

Fig. 73. — Clovia hijmnctata.

110

2245. Clovia lineaticollis, Motsch. (Aphrophora) Etud. Ent. p.
(1859); Melich. (Ulovia) Horn. Eaun. Ceylon, p. 135 (1903,
Clovia perstrigata, Kirhj, J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv, p. 162 (1891).

Ab'ove chestnut-brown, thickly shortly finely pilose, with fine
slender longitudinal ochraceous fasciae between the eyes and an

outer one on each side interrupted by
the eyes, continued posteriorly through
the pronotum, scutellum, and basal area
of the tegmina ; tegmina with the base
of costal margin, a large costal spot
before middle, the veins, and two longi-
tudinal fasciae on apical area (one costal,
the other central) ochraceous ; a large
oblique subapical pale ochraceous or
subhyaline spot commencing on costal
margin and joining the inner apical
fascia ; body beneath and legs pale
ochraceous ; lateral margins of face and
presternum, a large spot occupying
central base of face and disk of prosteruum, stripes (variable) to
legs and tarsal claws, dark castaneous or piceous ; head about as
long as medial length of pronotum ; tegmina about t\\"0 and a half
times as long as broad.
Length lO millim.

Hah. Ceylon; Pundaluoya, Kandy (6fr em), Gamaduwa,Patipolla,
AVeligama {fide Melicliar).

Fig. 74.
Clovia lineaticollis.

2246. Clovia margheritae, sp. n.

Marked above generally as in C. UneaticoJlis, but darker and the
longitudinal fasciae more pronounced ; tegmina \\ ith the outer

96 CERCOPID.li.

area very dark, basal costal margin not ocliraceous : an inner longi-
tudinal stripe on basal area, a spot on costal margin before middle,
and two longitudinal fasciae on apical area, the innermost curved,
the outermost shorter and subcostal ; face pale castaneous, a
central fascia, and its lateral areas black, the oblique strife on
castaneous areas also black ; body beneath and legs ochraceous,
prosternum and inconstant stripes to legs black or piceous ; liead
about as long as medial length of pronotum, the posterior margin
of which is more angularly sinuate than in C. UneaticolUs, its
anterior lateral margins also a little more angulate.

Length 10 millim.

Hah. Assam ; Margherita (Coll. Dist.).

2247. Clovia signata, sp. u.

Pale ochraceous, with longitudinal black fasciae. Head and
pronotum with six longitudinal fascije; scutellum with two fascia) ;
tegmina with two longitudinal fasciae on claval area, the inner-
most broken, remaining tegminal area largely black ; two spots on
costal margin — one at and the other beyond middle — three longi-
tudinal fasciae on apical area, and two discal irregular spots near
claval margin ochraceous ; body beneath black ; face (excluding
base), two lateral spots on prosternum, posterior margins of
abdominal segments, and the legs ochraceous, finely pilose ; head
about as long as medial length of pronotum ; tegmina two and a
lialf times as long as broad.

Length 9 millim.

Hab. Nilgiri Hills {Hamj)son).

2248. Clovia andamanensis, sp. n.

Ochraceous, with dark castaneous stripes and fasciae. Head
and pronotum with six longitudinal stripes ; on tlie pronotum
tliere are three intermediate lines, the central one continuous, the
other two only extending half the distance from base ; scutellum
with t\\o longitudinal fasciae ; tegmina v^ith three longitudinal
stripes in claval area, the central medially connected with the
upper margin ; remaining tegminal area dark castaneous or
piceous ; an oblique fascia before middle, some connected angu-
lated fascite on disk, and the apical area ochraceous ; on the latter
three dark castaneous fasciae, the largest and widest subcostal,
the other two shortest and only slightly separated near inner
margin; body beneath and legs ochraceous; anterior margins of
face and lateral margins of head beneath and prosternum dark
castaneous or piceous ; head about as long as medial length of
pronotum, posterior pronotal margin strongly angularly sinuate ;
tegmina a little less than two and a half times as long as broad.

Length 11 millim.

Hab. Andaman Islands {De Boepstorff^ Brit. 2Ius.).

LEPi'ROMA. 97

2249. Clovia rcepstorffi, sp. n.

Much (smaller than C. andamancnsis ; pi'onotum without the
three intermediate lines as in that species ; tegmina black or
piceous, with an inwardly-curved fascia commencing at inner base
of clavus and terminating near middle of costal margin ; a short
discal longitudinal fascia, a curved fascia on apical area which
commences on costal margin at about one-fourth from apex and
also occupies the whole of apical margin, and narrow inner claval
margin ochraceous ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; anterior
margin of face and lateral margins of head beneath black.

Length 9 millim.

Hah. Andaman Islands {De Roepstorff, Brit. Mks.).

2250. Clovia humeralis, Kirhi/, J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv, p. I(j2

(1891) ; Melich. Horn. Fmtn. Ceylon, p. 137 (1903).

" Head, pronotum, and scutellum dull testaceous ; head and
pronotum with two dull reddish stripes, rather wider behind, on
each side of the median line ; a shorter one, darker behind, within
and behind each eye ; head with the front reddish, below which is
a blackish half-circle ; otherwise testaceous beneath, as are also
the sides of the thorax and abdomen and the legs beyond the
middle of the femora ; otherwise the under surface of the body is
blackish ; tegmina pointed in the middle, so that there is no
proper hind margin, chestnut-brown, with a testaceous stripe on
the basal third of the costa, broadest at the extremity ; a slender,
transverse, submarginal stripe at the extremity of the costa,
preceded by another broad transverse stripe running from the
costa just below the tip and ceasing in a point before reaching the
inner margin ; on the outer half of the inner margin there are
some smaller and more irregular testaceous spots and streaks,
which ru nup to the middle of the tegmina on the basal side."
{Kirhy.)

Length 10 millim.

Hah. Ceylon (JIus. Berlin) ; Pundaluoya {Green, Brit. Mus.).

Genus LEPYRONIA.

Lepyronia, Amy. Sf Serv. Ilnn. p. ;j07 (1S43) ; Stdl, Hem. Afr. iv,
p.' 66 (1866); Fieb. Rev. Mag. Zool. (3) iii, p. -382 (1875) ;' Ball,
Rep. lotva Acad. Sci. 1898, p. 217 ; Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 132 (1903); Matsnm. Journ. Sapporo Ayr'l. Coll. ii, p. 23
(1903).

Type, L. coleoptrata, Linn., a Palaearctic species.

Distribution. Palaearctic, Nearctic, and Oriental Eegions.

Face as long as pronotum at middle, rather more than half as
long as breadth between eyes ; vertex subangularly convexly
anteriorly produced ; ocelli less removed from each other than
from eyes ; antennae inserted in deej) grooves near the inner

VOL. IT. H

98

CERCOPID.i;.

antei'ior margins of eyes, the two basal joints cylindrical, the
third glohular, fixed in a hollow of the second joint and termi-
nating in a long bristle ; tegmina strongly couvexly arched, with
almost imperceptible veins ; posterior tibiae with two strong
spines.

2251. Lepyronia picta, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 132 (1903).

Head, pronotum, and scutellum pale
yellowish ; vertex with four curved trans-
verse darlv fascise, two on anterior and two
near posterior margin ; face with the
marghis and a crescentic fascia at posterior
margin black ; pronotum with the lateral
margins and four longitudinal fasciae black,
the two central fasciaj coutinued on scu-
tellum ; legs piceous-brown, bases and
apices of femoi'a pale yellowish, posterior
tarsi of the latter colour with the claws
black ; tegmina purplish-black ; three spots
in clavus, some discal spots, a large costal
spot before middle, a large costal apical
spot, and the apical veins greyish-white, the

apical spot divided by a transverse dark line and posteriorly

margined with a similar colour.
Length 5 to 51- millim.
Hah. Ceylon {Leivis, Coll. Dist.).

Fig. 75.
Lepyronia picta.

Genus THOODZATA, nov.

Type, T. princeps, Dist.

Distribution. Tenasserim.

Vertex of head large, a little broader than long, couvexly
rounded anteriorly, laterally and transversely incised at apex as
though for the reception of the face ; ocelli placed close together
on posterior disk, remote from eyes ; face elongate, moderately
globose, its disk elongately flattened, very slightly foveate, its
lateral areas obliquely transversely ridged ; eyes obliquely elon-
gate ; pronotum large, sexangular, convex, much broader than
long, its anterior margin only vei-y slightly rounded * ; tegmina
broad, ample ; costal margin moderately convex, apex sub-
angulate ; clavus very large, longitudinally veined, apical area
with six somewhat foveate cells ; posterior tibite with one spine.

* Delineated a little too straight by the artist iu the figure of the typical
species.

APHROPIIORA.

99

2252. Thoodzata princeps, sp. n.

Very pale tawny-brown ; vertex of head, pronotum, and scu-
tellum almost eoncolorous ; pronotum with a transverse series of
small sHghtly darker spots or impressions a little before anterior
margin ; head beneath with a sublateral fascia behind eyes,
anterior lateral margins and transverse striations to face, and
broad lateral margins to clypeus piceous-brown ; prosternuin and
abdomen beneath piceous-brown, the segmental margins pale

Fig. 76. — Thoochat a princeps.

ochraceous ; legs stramineous, the tarsal claws piceous ; abdomen
above piceous, with the basal area ochraceous ; tegmina pale
tawny-brown, crossed near middle by a broad transverse fuscous-
brown fascia inwardly margined by a creamy-white line ; beyond
this fascia the costal area is broadly creamy-white, containing four
transverse linear brown spots ; the apical cellular areas are
fuscous-brown with the veins pale reddish ; wings hyaline, the
veins fuscous.

Length excl. tegm. 51 ; exp. tegm. 14 millim.

Hah. Teuasserim : Myitta {Dohertij).

Genus APHROPHORA.

Apbrophora, Germ. Mm/. Ent. iv, p. 48 (1831) ; Amy. S,- Serv. Hem.
p. 5(53 (1843) ; Stdl, Hem. Aft: iv, p. 67 (1866) ; Fleb. Rev. Mag.
Zool. (3) iii, p. 382 (1875) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 19 (1885) ;
Melich. Hovi. Faun. Ceylon, p. 131 (1903) ; Matsmn. Journ.
Sapporo Ayr I. Coll. ii, p. 26 (1903).

Type, A. corticea. Germ., a Palsearctic species.

Distribution. Probably almost universally distributed in the
Eastern Hemisphere.

Head almost ag broad as the pronotum ; vertex almost hori-
zontal and somewhat flattened ; anterior margin sometimes
rounded, generally very obtuselv angulated ; clypeus of variable

h2

100

CERC0PI1).15,

length, reaching to or beyond the apices of the anterior coxae ;
rostrum k)ng, 2-3-jointed • ocelli two or sometimes absent, when
present placed near the posterior margin of the vertex and more
or less remote from the eyes ; pronotum hexagonal or trapezoidal,
with a longitudinal keel continued through the vertex ; anterior
margin rounded or obtusely angulated, posterior margin frequently
deeply angulate-emarginate ; scutellum triangular, shorter than
the prono'tum; tegmina slightly coriaceous, ovally elongate,
acuminate ; wings with the veins of the fourth apical cell with a
furcate origin.

' IK- I t ■-

- xipli rujihora hislijnata.

2253. Aphrophora bisignata, sp. n.

Vertex of head and more than anterior half of pronotum dull
ochraceous, darkly punctate; posterior area of pronotum, scutellum,

and tegmina umber-brown ; two
prominent transverse spots at
apical margin of vertex, and a
transverse fascia separating the
ochraceous and brown pronotal
areas, black ; bod}^ beneath and
legs black ; anterior margin of
head beneath and face, and the
anterior and intermediate tibiae
ochraceous ; posterior margin of
face, clypeus, and rostrum pale
castaneous ; posterior tarsi ochra-
ceous, with tlie claws black ;
vertex of head about half as long
as pronotum, roundly subangu-
larly produced; head, pronotum, and scutellum somewhat coarsely
punctate, tegmina more thickly and finely punctate ; tegmina
broad, costal margin strongly rounded ; face globose, tlie lateral
areas transversely striate ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxa? ;
pronotum and vertex traversed by a central longitudinal ridge.
Length 13 millini.
Hall. Sikhim ; Mungphu (Atlinson Coll., Brit. Mtis.),

2254. Aphrophora burmanica, sp. u.

Vertex of head and anterior two-thirds of pronotum ochraceous;
posterior third of pronotum, scutellum, and tegmina dark casta-
neous ; body beneath and legs piceous, anterior legs much paler ;
anterior margins of head beneath and face pale ochraceous ; vertex
of head about half the length of pronotum, coarsely punctate, the
punctures coucolorous ; pronotum coarsely punctate, the punctures
concolorous with the surface on a\ hich they appear, both pronotum
and vertex traversed by a central longitudinal ridge ; scutellum
coarsely punctate ; tegmina very thickly and finely punctate, the
veins very prominent ; face moderately globose, centrally flattened

APHROPHORA. 101

and punctate, the lateral areas transversely striate ; rostrum
reaching the posterior coxa?.

Length 10 miJlim.

Hah. Burma ; Kuby Mines {Dohcriy).

Smaller than the preceding species, A. blslrjnata, without the
transverse black spots to vertex, no median black band to pro-
notum ; face less convex and more centrally longitudinally flattened
and punctate.

2255. Aphrophora brachycephala, sp. u.

Vertex of head and more than anterior half of pronotum ochra-
ceous, coarsely punctate, the punctures sometimes largely black,
two transverse black spots on central anterior margin of vertex ;
posterior area of pronotum and the scutellum pur])lish-black ;
tegmina brownish-ochraceous; head beneath and sternum brownish-
ochraceous, abdomen sanguineous, legs black ; vertex of head very
broad and short, not more than one-third the length of pro-
notum, the punctures on both coarse, and both traversed bv a
somewhat fine central longitudinal ridge ; scutellum coarsely
punctate ; tegmina very finely and thickly punctate ; anterior
margin of head beneath and face pale ochraceous ; face globose,
lateral areas strongly striate, anteriorly and centrally coarsely
punctate, rostrum reaching the posterior coxse.

Length 12 millim.

Mab. Kangra Valley, 4500 ft. {Dudxjeon, Coll. Dist.).

Although allied in some colour markings to the two preceding
species, to be at once separated by the broader and narrower head.

2256. Aphrophora bimaculata, sp. u.

Vertex of head piceous-brown, the central carination and a spot
on each side of it at base ochraceous ; face ochraceous, centrally
longitudinally i)iceous, which area is anteriorly punctate, lateral
areas very strongly, somewhat obliquely striate ; pronotum ochra-
ceous, coarsely darkly punctate, the central carination pale ochra-
ceous ; body beneath and legs testaceous; tegmina ochraceous,
thickly darkly punctate, costal and apical areas and two central
linear spots to clavus pale castaueous, two discal bright ochraceous
spots, the more obscure before and the more prominent behind
middle ; vertex of head about one-third of the medial length of
pronotum.

Length 12 millim.

Hah. Burma ; Kuby Mines {Bohertu).

2257. Aphrophora nancyae, sp. n.

Above pale ochraceous, thickly darkly punctate; central anterior
margin of vertex black ; tegmina crossed by two oblique black
fasciae, one near base, the other near middle, and a large spot of

102 CERCOPIB^.

the same colour at apex ; veins alternately ochraceous and blade,
CLXcept at apical area, where they are prominently and entirely
black ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; central area and
striations to face, a subapical annulation to femora, basal and apical
annulations to tibiae, sternal spots, and disk of abdomen black ;
vertex of head about one-third the length of pronotum, centrally
ridged, a cluster of black punctures on each side near eyes, and a
similar central cluster ; pronotum coarsely punctate, a transverse
series of four pale subfoveate spots on anterior area, the two outer
spots with black punctures, central ridge becoming obsolete behind
middle ; scutellum black, transversely wrinkled ; tegmiua very
thickly and finely punctured.

Length 8-9| millim.

Hah. N.W.~ India ; Mussoorie {Miss Nancy McKinnon, Coll.
Dist.).

2258. A.phrophora moorei, ?p. u.

Head and pronotum ochraceous, the ocelli purplish-red ; head
beneath ochraceous, the anterior area of face black ; body beneath
and legs ochraceous, the anterior and intermediate legs annulated
with castaneous, pro- and mesosterna more or less black ; tegmina
ochraceous, more or less suffused with black, these suffusions
are principally on the veins, two spots on basal area and four
on costal area, between the latter the colour is paler, which gives
a further maculate appearance ; head aud pronotum thickly coarsely
punctate, a strong central longitudinal ridge traversing both ;
vertex only about one-third the length of pronotum ; face strong,
transversely ridged, less so on the black anterior area, which is
punctate ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxae.

Length 9,^ millim.

Hah. " In"dia "' {Coll. Dist.).

This type-specimen was given me some years ago by the late
veteran Indian lepidopterist, Mr. F. Moore, after whom I name the
species. It bears no exact locality, but was from his general
Indian collection.

22.59. Aphrophora cognata, sp. n.

Vertex of head piceous, apex of central carination and a mar-
ginal spot on each side ochraceous ; face ochraceous with the
transverse striations finely piceous, head beneath on each side of
face black, an ochraceous spot on each side of face at anterior
margin ; pronotum browuish-ochraceous, finely punctate, strongly
centrally longitudinally carinate, on each side of the carination on
anterior area a short longitudinal ridge ; tegmiua bro\\'nish-ochra-
ceous with paler suffusions, thickly punctate, a curved black fascia
occupying a little more than the costal area just before middle ;
body beneath and legs brownish-ochraceous, lateral margins of

APIIBOPHOEA.

iu:i

sternum and abdomen broadly piceous ; legs annulated with iimber-
brovvn ; vertex of head about half the medial length of prouotum

Length 8 inillim.

Hab. Nilgiri Hills {Hampson, Coil. Disf.).

2260. Aphrophora sigillifera, Walk. List Horn, iii, p. 700 (18ol).

Aphrophora fticialis, Kirby, J.Linn. Sac, Zool. xxiv, p. 161 (1891) j
Melicli. Ho)n. Faun. Ceylon, p. 131 (1903).

" Testaceous, but covered with large, deep, round, brown pits,
which give the whole insect a brown appearance ; head brown,
with the central carina and a spot on each side behind pale, and
some pale smooth spaces surrounded with brown in front of the

Fig. 78. — Aphrophora sigillifera.

pronotum, borders of scutellum also pale ; an indistinct pale spot
bordered \\\Vl\ darker, sometimes visible in the middle of the costa
of the tegmina ; face with deep brown punctures in transverse
rows, giving it the appearance of being transversely striated ; it is
more or less varied with black, sometimes entirely blackish, except
at the lower extremity, but more often with two large blackish
lateral spots (sometimes united) about the middle and smaller
ones below ; legs bro\A n, indistinctly banded with paler." {Kirhy.)

I give Mr. Kirby's description of his A. facialis, which describes
the species. The pale costal spot to the tegmina is distiuct in
nearly all the specimens I have seen.

Length 7 to Ih raillim.

Hah. " North India *' {Brit. Mm.). Bombay {Dixon). Dacca
{Lefro)/). Ceylon ; Pundaluoya, Kandy {Green). Burma ; Karen
Hills '{Doherly).

22G1. Aphrophora deserta, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 132(1903).

" Similar to the preceding species in size and shape, thickly
punctured, shining brown ; tip of front, anterior half of pronotum,
and an oblique trausverf^e fascia in middle of tegmina yellowish-
white ; four transverse impressions in transverse series on pro-

104

cercopid.t;.

notum and sides of pectus yellowish-white, remaining area of the
under surface and the legs brown." (Melichar.)

Length 7 mi Him.

JIab. Ceylon (Berlin 2Ins.).

I have not seen this species.

Genus JEMBRANA, nov.

Type, J. huprestioides, Dist.

Distribution. S. India.

Head (including eyes) as wide as pronotum. anterior margin sub-
angularly conical, centrally loiigitudinally carinate, face longitudi-
nally globose, transversely striate ; rostrum long, a little passing
the posterior coxae ; pronotum anteriorly angularly produced
between eyes, the anterior lateral margins short, a little curved
outwardly, posterior margin angularly concave before scutellum,
longitudinally tricai'inate, the lateral carinations oblique ; scutellum
foveate ; tegmina about two and a half times as long as broad,
veins more or less longitudinal, apical areas short; legs of moderate
length, posterior tibise with one spine.

2262. Jembrana huprestioides, sp. u.

Black ; three small spots on anterior margin of vertex, broad
anterior and lateral margins and two discal spots to pronotum,
four large costal spots, two very small apical costal spots, three
sutural and an oblique discal spot to tegmina, pale ochraceous ;
body beneath black ; a spot at anterior margin of face, legs, and
disks of sternum and abdomen pale ochraceous ; legs annulated
with black ; body above very finely punctate, vertex about one-
third the length of pronotum, both vertex and pronotum traversed

Fig. l^.—Jeinhrana huprestioides.

by a central longitudinal ridge, the latter also with an oblique
longitudinal ridge near each lateral area; tegmina finely and
thickly punctate ; face transversely striate, basally and centrally
coarsely punctate.

J.ength 7i to 8.| millim.

Jlab. Nilgiri Hills {Hampson). Naduvatum {Lefro>i).

SOrNAMA.

lo;

2263. Jembrana montana, sp. n.

Vertex of head with three small ochraceous spots on its anterior
margin ; head beneath and clypeus black ; a central longitudinal
linear spot on anterior area of face, lateral margins of face ochra-
ceous ; pronotum ochraceous, with its whole central area black,
the latter with a small linear ochraceous spot near its anterior
margin ; scutellum black ; tegmina ochraceous, a large black spot
on apex of clavus, costal and apical ai-eas black, enclosing four
large costal ochraceous spots ; body beneath and legs ochraceous,
lateral areas of prosternum black, legs more or less annulated with
black ; abdominal apex black. General structure that of the pre-
ceding species, of which it may ultimately be proved to be a very
aberrant variety, but at present, from the material before me, that
view is untenable.

Jjength 8.| miliim.

Hah. Isilgiri Hills (Hamjjson).

2264. Jembrana ornata, sp. n.

Vertex of head and pronotum bright ferruginous-brown, with a
central pale ochraceous carination, two small black spots on its
anterior margin, each preceded by an ochraceous spot ; pronotum
w ith the anterior margin broadly stramineous ; face and clypeus
black, a central anterior stramineous spot to each ; body beneath
and legs ochraceous, lateral areas of prosternum black ; legs annu-
lated with castaneous ; tegmina ferruginous-brown, apex of claval
area and the outer tegminal area black or piceous, the latter irro-
rated with paler markings, of which the most prominent are three
large costal spots ; whole upper surface including tegmina thickly
coarsely punctate ; pronotum strongly tricarinate, the lateral cari-
nations abbreviated ; face strongly transversely striate.

Length 8^ miliim.

Hab. Utakamand {Brit. J/tw.).

Genus SOUNAMA, uov.

Type, S. imiyrhnis, Dist.

Distribution. Nilgiri Hills.

A'ertex of head somewhat angularly convex and reflected, with a
slight central longitudinal ridge ; ocelli placed close together on
posterior disk, remote from eyes ; face broadly longitudinally sili-
cate, lateral areas finely transversely ridged ; posterior tibia? with
one strong spine ; pronotum sexangular, broad, convex, not cen-
trally longitudinally ridged, nearly twice as broad as long ; tegmina
attenuated posteriorly, apical area with two cells divided by
prominent veins.

This genus is somewhat intermediate between Aphropliom and
Ft'ielus: in the first both the vertex and pronotum is centrally
longitudinally carinate, while in the latter neither are ; in Sounama
the vertex only is ridged. From both those genera it is also sepa-
rated by the longitudinally sulcate face.

106

CEBCOPID.B.

2265. Sounania imprimis, sp.

Y\". 80. — Bounaiaa iiuprinm.

Ochraceous, stroDgly pilose ; disk
of vertex piceous ; basal margin of
scutellum black ; tegmiua with a
longitudinal basal streak, a trans-
verse oblique fascia beyond middle,
and some subapical and apical
fasciae enclosing cellular areas,
black ; legs pale ochraceous ; lateral
margins of head between face and
eyes black ; prosternum black ;
abdomen beneath black, the seg-
mental margins and a central line
ochraceous ; anal segment ochra-
ceous.

Length 5 millim.

Hah. Nilgiri Hills (Ham'pso'n).

Genus MANDESA, nov.

Type, M. amjiWficata, Dist.

Distribution. Tenasserim.

Head about as long as medial length of pronotum, subtriangu-
larly produced, its lateral margins oblique, lateral apices of the
lobes acute, at apex inwardly laterally and transversely impressed
as though for the reception of the upper area of face ; ocelli placed
close together near base ; face elongate, its lateral areas oblique ;
rostrum short, not extending beyond intermediate coxae : pronotum
angularly rounded anteriorly, the anterior margin straight behind
ocelli, and then subobliquely deflected on each side behind eyes,
the lateral margins oblique, angularly concave before scutellum,
which is about as long as broad at base ; tegmina ample, costal
maro-in couvexly rounded, a discal oblique transverse broadly
raised vein-hke ridge beyond middle, and an irregular series of
transverse veins before apex ; posterior tibia; with two spines.

2266. Mandesa amplificata.

Pale ochraceous ; a central
longitudinal fascia to face, late-
ral margins of head beneath,
and the tarsal daws black ;
tegmina with a black spot near
end of clavus and a similar spot
at apical margin ; wings fuligi-
nous ; structural characters as
in generic diagnosis.

Length 10 millim.

If ah. Tenasserim : Myitta
{Doheiiii).

Fig. 81. — Maiidcsa aniplijicaia.

PHILAGRA.

107

Genus DAHA, nov.

Type, D. ariefaria, Dist.

Distribution. Tenasserim.

Head about as long as medial length of pronotum, robustly
subtriangular, very strongly tricarinate, the carinations obsoletely
reaching base, before which they are divided by a transverse in-
cised line, the apex somewhat broad and subtruncate ; ocelli situate
near base and about as far apart from eyes as from each other ;
face elongate, bilobed, centrally longitudinally broadly sulcated ;
rostrum short, scarcely reaching the intermediate coxae ; pronotum
anteriorly strongly convex, lateral margins oblique, strongly
angularly concave before scutellum, which is centx'ally moderately
depressed and foveate ; tegmina with the costal margin convex,
the apices somewhat broadly rounded, veins longitudinal, a few
transverse veins at apex ; legs moderate, posterior tibia; with two
spines.

2267. Daha arietaria, sp. u.
Dull black ; legs ochraceous.

Fig. 82. — Dal/a arietaria.

tegmina minutely thickly punctate
Length 6k millim.

tibia) a little darker ; tegmina
with a large sub-oblong
spot near base of clavus
and a small spot on posterior
disc, stramineous.

Var. Tegmina without the
large pale spots on claval
area.

Head very finely punc-
tate between the longitu-
dinal ridges, which are
strongly pronounced, the
lateral ridges meeting an-
teriorly ; the eyes are ochra-
ceous, spotted with black ;
pronotum and scutellum very
finely transversely rugulose ;

Bab. Tenasserim ; Myitta {Doheriy).

Genus PHILAGRA.

Clialepus, Walk. List Horn, iii, p. 731 (1851), ucm. prfeocc.
Philagra, StcV, Tr. E. S. (3) i, p. 593 (1862) ; Matsum. Journ.
Sapporo Af/rl. Coll. ii, p. 21 (1903).

Type, r. hastata. Walk., from an unknown habitat.
Distribution. Oriental, Malayan, aud Australasian Eegions; China
and Japan.

108

CERCOrJD.'E.

Head nai'rowed and stronj^ly prolonged in front of eyes, cen-
trally and lat(>rally carinate above, longer than or as long as pro-
notum ; ocelli a little nearer to eyes than to eacli other, more or
less upwardly directed ; face more or less transversely striated,
centrally longitudinally carinate ; clypeus short, posteriorly
rounded ; rostrum almost reaching the posterior coxse ; posterior
tibiae armed with two spines ; pronotum sexangular, anteriorly con-
vexly rounded, posteriorly angularly emarginate before scutellum ;
tegmina apically subacute, their costal margins strongly convex,
costal and radial areas broad, the latter dilated near base.

The strongly produced head is the principal character of this
genus. I give Walker's Jutstatus as type of the genus, because
Chaleptis antedates Philagra but sinks through the name being
preoccupied.

a. Head longer than pronotum.

2268. Philagra fusiformis, Walk. (Gyrene) List Horn., Sappl. p. 47
(18o8); Atkins. J. A. >S. B. Iv, p. 48 (1886); MelicJi. Wien.
Ent.Zeit.x\,Y>. 177 {\dO\).
Chalepiis aconophoridcs. Walk. List Horn., Suppl. p. 192 (1858);
Stdl, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1802, p. 494.

Body and legs ochraceous ; head, pronotum, and scutellum
thickly, shortly, palely pilose ; abdomen shining ochraceous ;
tegmina ochraceous with pale irregular scattered fuscous mark-
ings ; wings subhyaline with a pale ochraceous tint ; head above
strongly tricarinate, about half as long again as pronotum, its
apex slightly upwardly recurved ; face strongly centrally carinate,

Fig. 83. — Phil(/t/ru fus^ijorinis.

its posterior area transversely striate ; rostrum almost reachiiig the
posterior coxa3.

Var. Darker and more brownish ochraceous in hue, the fuscous
markings to the tegmina darker and more numerous.

1-ength excl. tegm. 10 to 14; exp. tegm. 18 to 27 millim.

JIah. Sikhim {Indian Man.). Assam; Margherita {CoU. Dist.).
Burma ; Euby Mines (Z)o7ier<7/).— North China {Brit. Mus.).

CEECOPIN.*;. 109

b. Head as long as pro no turn.
2269. Philagra dissimilis, sp. n.

Piceous-brown, somewhat thickly ochraceously tomentose ; apex
of scutellum ochraceous ; face, clypeus, and legs darker piceous ;
head above about as long as pronotum, its apex much less nt-
tenuated than iu the preceding species and somewhat broadlv
rounded, much more faintly centrally and laterally carinate, and
finely transversely wrinkled, its extreme lateral margins brownish-
ochraceous ; face transversely striate, more strongly so on its
anterior area, obsoletely centrally carinate, but clypeus strongly
so ; spines to posterior tibiae long and robust.

Length inch tegm. 13 millim.

Hah. Xilgiri Hills (Hampson, Coll. Dist.).

Species doubtfulli/ recorded from British India.

Hindola viridicans, StSl (Ptyelus), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fiirh. 1854,
p. -irA ■ id. Fri'fj. Eiuj. kern, Hem. p. 286 (1859) ; Spdngb.
(Carystus) Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fiirh. 1877, no. 9, p. 18; Atkins.
J. A. S. I), liv, p. 21 (1885) ; Kirk. (Hindola) Entomolonist,
1900, p. 243.

This is a Malayan species recorded from Java, Singapore, and
Malacca. Atkinson {sup>ra) has with doubt given Tenasseriin as
a habitat. It was not received in any of the collections made for
me by Mr. Doherty in Tenasserim (and all his captures there were
sent to me), and I therefore do not consider myself justified in
including the genus and species iu this enumeration.

Subfamily III. CERCOPIN.E.

Cercopida, Stdl, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 55 (1866).
Cercopiua, StM, Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 718.
Cercopinse, Fowl. Biol. Ce?itr.-Am., Rhynch. Horn, ii, p. 174 (1897).
Rhinaulacinae, Kirk. Rep. Exp. Stat. Han\ Plant. Assoc, pt. ix,
p. 380 (1900).

This subfamily is structurally to be differentiated by having the
anterior margin of the pronotum straight, and the eyes equally as
long as broad. They also possess a most distinctive superficial, or
apparent, appearance which renders their identification a matter
of little difficulty.

It is in the Oriental and Malayan Eegions that the Cercopina;
reach their maximum in size and colour development, and this in
the very extensive genera Cosmoscarta and Phymatostetha. These
beautiful insects were largely described by Walker in his Lists
of Homoptera, 1851 and 1858 ; which descriptions were much
revised and corrected by Stal, who visited the British Museum
in 1862. Butler (1874) published a Revision of the genera
Cosmoscarta and Phymatostetha, describing new species. Since

IIQ CEECOPID.i:.

that time the Eastern Cercophw', and especially these genera, have
been more or less studied by Atkinson, Breddiu, Jacobi, and the
present writer.

Si/noj)sis of Genera.

A. Anterior legs elongate ; anterior femora longly

jmssiiJg the lateral margins of the body.

a. Anterior femora distinctly longer than the

intermediate femora.
a. Head not elongately produced in front of
eyes.
a' . Face elongate, compressed, about twice
as long as broad; tegmina moderately
broad, prominently rounded at about
one-third from base, narrowing towards
apices, apical areas reticulately veined . Rhinastria,
b'. Face somewhat prominent, less than [p. 110.

twice as long as broad ; tegmina
narrow, elongate, oblong, moderately

ampliated towards apices Callitettix,

h. Head in S longly acutely produced in [p. 111.

front of eyes Abidama, p. 114.

b. Anterior femora not or only slightly longer

than the intermediate femora Caloscarta,

B. Anterior legs of moderate length, the anterior [p. 115.

femora only slightly passing the lateral mar-
gins of the body, and only slightly or not
longer than the intermediate femora.

a'. Face with a longitudinal furrow Eoscarta, p. 115.

h' . Face without a furrow.

ft-. Pronotum with the posterior lateral
margins straight arid sinnate, its
greatest breadth little more than

half its length Phymatostetha,

h-. Pronotum with the posterior lateral [p. 118.

margins not sinuate, its greatest
breadth about two-thirds of its length Cosmoscarta,

[p. 128.

Genus RHINASTRIA.

Rhinastria, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv, p. 159 (1891) j Melich.
Horn. Fmm. Ceylon, p. 130 (190:3).

Type, li. hicoloi; Kirby.

Distribution. Ceylon.

Vertex of head a little pointed in front, posterior margin ridged,
strongly obliquely foveate on each side, transverselj^ impressed in
front of ocelli, which are nearer to each other than to eyes; face
compressed, anteriorly convex, posterior angle broadly acute ;
anterior femora distinctly longer than intermediate femora ; pro-
notmn sexangular, about twice as long as vertex, transversely
impressed before middle, lateral margins nearly straight, a little
reflexed ; scutellum about as broad as long ; tegmina prominently
rounded at about one-third from base, narrowing towards apices,
cla\al area broad, apical area reticulately veined.

CALLITETTIX.

Ill

2270. Rhinastria bicolor, A7r/>//. J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv, ii. 160,
t. vi, f. 1-2 (1891); Mclich. Honi. Faun. Cei/hn, p. 130, t. iv!
f. 4 « (1903). J > I ^ ,

Shining luteous ; anterior cla-
val margin, a])ical area (excluding
veins), eyes, apices of femora, an-
terior tibiiP, apices of intermediate
and posterior tibiae, and the tarsi
black ; pronotum, scutellura, and
the tegmiua very thickl}^ and finely
punctate, reticulate veins to apical
areas raised and transversely ru-
gulose ; pronotum with two mo-
derate callosities in front of the
transverse impression; scutellum
sometimes with a black spot near
each basal angle ; face finely
transversely striate.

Length incl. tegm. 10 to 12 millim.

Hah. Ceylon; Aniswella {Green, Brit. Mas.), Uvci, Badda-
Eliya {fide Melichar).

Fis;. 84. — Ehinastria hicolor.

Genus CALLITETTIX.

Callitettix, Stdl (part.), Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1805, p. 1-52; id. Hem.
Afr. iv, p. 55 (1806) ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceijlon, p. 129 (1903).

Type, C. braconoides, Walk.

Distribution. British India ; Malay Peninsula ; China.

Body elongate ; vertex of head about as broad as long, trans-
versely depressed before apex which is broadly rounded ; ocelli
placed rather close together on posterior disk, a little nearer to
each other than to eyes ; face compressed, prominent, the posterior
angle obtusely acute, the anterior angle rounded ; legs elongate,
the anterior femora distinctly longer than the intermediate femora;
pronotum elongate, much longer than head, the lateral margins
straight, sexangulate, foveate on each side near anterior margin
which is straight ; scutellum a little longer than broad ; teo-miua
elongate, oblong, moderately ampliated towards apices ; posterior
tibiae armed with one spine.

a. Abdomen above red or luteous.

2271. Callitettix hraconoides, Walk. (Sphenorhina) List Horn
Supj)l. p. 185 (1858). '

Callitettix melanochra, Stdl, Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1865, p. 152-
Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 17 (1885).

112

cercopid.t:.

Luteous or pale sanguineous ; apical tliird of tegmiua, apices

of anterior femora, anterior and
intermediate tibite (excluding
bases), apices of |)osterior tibiae,
and the tarsi black ; wings
viuaceous ; above A'ery thickly and
finely punctate ; face transversely
striate, centrally longitudinally
ridged.

Length excl. tegm. 8 ; exp. tegm.
20 to 24 millim.

Hah. iSikbim (fide AtJanson).
Burma {Brit. Mus.) ; Bhauio (Coll.
Dist.).

The type of Walker's hraconoides

Fig. 85. — CalUtdti.r hracoiwkh

is here figured.

2272. Callitettix contigua. Walk. (Splienorhina^ List Horn, ill, p. 695
(IS.-)!) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 114 (1885).
Sphenorhina intprmedia, Walk. List Horn, iii, p. 695 (1851) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 114 (1885).

Head, pronotum, scutellum, face, and sternum black ; abdomen
above sanguineous, anal segment and legs fuscous-brown ; abdo-
men beneath fuscous-brown, the base sanguineous : tegmina very
dark umber-brown, a transverse fascia formed by two spots a little
beyond base ochraceous, their margins sanguineous ; a large spot
at about one-third from apex, commencing on costal margin and
not quite reaching middle of tegmina, and a small spot beneath it
near inner margin, testaceous ; wings pale hyaline.

Var. intermedia, Walk. — Tegmina with the two basal spots more
continuous and pale ochraceous, the second smaller subapical
testaceous spot obliterated.

Length excl. tegm. 7 ; exp. tegm. 17 to 10 millim.

Hah. " N. India " {Brit. Mvs.) ; Simla {Bnt. Mus.) ; Mussoorie
{Lefroy).

2273. Callitettix proxima, Walk. (Sphenorhina) List Horn, iii, p. 695
(1851) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. Uv, p. 114 (1885).

Head, pronotum, scutellum, body beneath, and legs black; base
of abdomen beneath, posterior coxaj, and abdomen above (ex-
cluding apex) ochraceous ; tegmina dark umber-brown, a transverse
fascia a little beyond base, and a broken narrow- fascia near apical
area, stramineous; wings pale hyaline; posterior tibia? with a
strong spine beyond middle.

Length excl. tegm. 7 ; exp. tegm. 14 millim.

Hah. " N. India "' {Brit. Mus.).

CALLITETTIX.

113

This may ultimately prove to be but another variety of G. con-
tlgua ; however, I know only the unique type, and therefore have
no knowledge as to its constancy in specific character.

b. Abdomen ahove blarJc.

2274. Callitettix versicolor, Fahr. (Cicada) Eut. Syst. iv, p. 50 (1794) ;
id. Syst. Rhyng. p. 09 (1803) : Stdl (Callitettix), Hem. Fabr. ii,
p. li (1869) ; AtJcius. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 18 (1885).
Var. Sphenorliiua approxiuiiins, Walk. List Horn. Siippl. p. 185
(1858); Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 114 (1885).

Shining black, finely fuscously pubescent; tegmina with a spot
before the middle of the clavus, and a subtransverse spot between
the middle of upper claval margin and the costal margin, white ;

Fig. 86. — CalUtctiLv versicolor.

two spots beyond the middle of tegmeu, the external large and
transverse, the internal small, and apex of clavus sanguineous ;
wings dull hyaline, the veins and apical margin iniuscate.

Var. a. Basal spots to tegmina luteous, not white.

Var. b. Basal spots to tegmina obliterated, sanguineous apical
spots present.

Var. c. Basal white spots to tegmina very small, only one
sanguineous apical spot {apirroximans, AValk.).

Var. d. All the spots present but luteous, none sanguineous.

Length excl. tegm. 9 ; exp. tegm. 20 to 22 millim.

Bed). Kashmir. Mnsioovw {B.-nneiti). Assam; Sikhim ; Bom-
bay {Lelth and Dixon). Tiiidharia. Burma ; Thayetmyo ( Waison),
Bhamo, Shwegu Myo {Feci). Arakan {Ind. Mus.). — China.
Malay Peninsula ; Perak.

TOL. IT.

114

CEKCOPID.'i:.

Genus ABIDAMA, nov.

Type, A. producia. Walk.

Distribution. British India.

Head somewhat longly and acutely produced in front of eyes
in d" , ill $ not produced, resembling Callitettix, where the Aertex
is transversely impressed, and between this impression and base
longitudinally i-idged ; face compressed, angulated anteriorly and
then strongly continued to clypeus, longitudinally centrally acutely
ridged ; rostrum short, not passing intermediate coxa3 ; anterior
femora distinctly longer than intermediate femora as in CaUitettix,
with which genus it otlier\^'ise agrees.

2275. Abidama prodlicta, JValk. (8phenorhina) List Horn, iii, p. 696
(1851); St(fl (Calliteltix), 0>. Vet.-Ak. Fiirh. 1865, p. 153;
Atkins. J. A. S. B. hv, p. 18 (1885).

Head, pronotum, and scutellum black, finely greyishly tomen-
tose; apex of scutellum and the tegmina rufo-testaceoLis, the

apical margin of the latter rather
broadly black ; body beneath black,
metasternum and legs dark san-
guineous, apices of tibise and the
tarsi piceous ; wings dull hyaline
with the veins darker ; face laterally
almost longitudinally obliquely
striate.

Length inch tegm., c? & 2 > 7 ^o
9 inillim.

Hah. Nepal ; Nagarkote and Soon-
driial {Lid. Mus.). Assam ; Mar-
gherita (Doherty), Khasi Hills.
Bengal ; iShripur, Pusa (Lefro>f).
Burma ; Bhamo (Fea).
Stal redescribed the species under
Walker's name without any reference to the original description.

Fio-. 87. — Alitdauia j-.rvdtu-ta, ^ .

2270. Ahidama rufiila, sp. n.

Head, projiotum, and scutellum black, greyishly tomentose ;
apex of scutellum, tegmina, body beneath and legs pale testaceous ;
head beneath, pro- and mesosterna black ; apices of tegmina pale
puiplish-red ; body above and tegmina thickly and finely punctate ;
lace anteriorly subacutely prominent ; tarsi more or less piceous.

Length inch tegm. 8 inillim.

Hah. Bengal; Shripur, Pusa {Lefroy). Burma; Bhamo (Co7Z.
List.).

In some specimens recently sent to me by Mr. H. M. Lefroy,
the tegmina are more piceous than testaceous.

EOSCARTA.

115

Genus CALOSCARTA.

Caloscarta, Bredd. Soc. Enf. xviii, p. 9!) (1903).

Type, C. capitatcf, Stfil,

Distrihutioii. British India and Malava.

Breddin, who founded this genus, wi-ites : — " Differs from CalU-
tettiv as follows : — first joint of antenna; longer than the second •
face laterally compressed M'ith a continuous sharp middle keel ;
anterior femora not, or only slightly, longer than the intermediate
femora ; costal margin of tegmina at a short distance from base
concavely rounded, not touching the raised wrinkled first section
of the tegmina ; last joint of rostrum distinctly shorter than the
penultnnate one ; anterior tibia; slightly widened towards the
apex."

2277. Caloscarta capitata, SfSl (Callitettis.), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork.
1865, p. 153 ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Cexjlon, p. 129 (1903).
Phymatostetha insignis, Dist. Trans. Fnt. Soc. 1878, p. 322.

Black ; head, anterior marginal area to pronotum, scutellum,
about basal fourth of tegmina, sternum and legs, sanguineous ;

a black spot behind each an-
terior coxa; abdomen beneath
black ; the black tegmina are
distinctly darker behind scu-
tellum to a little beyond middle ;
tarsi black, base of posterior
tarsi sanguineous ; above finely
pilose ; pronotum finely gran-
ulose ; tegmina very finely and
thickly punctate.

Length 6 to 7 millim.
Hah. Bombay (i)?>on). Cey-
lon ; Pundaluoya, Putlam
(Green, Brit. 3Ins.), Peradeniya,
Negombo, Weligama (Jide
MeUchar).

A very variable species; tlie
colour of the pronotum varies from red to black, and the red at
the base of the tegmina is sometimes almost obliterated. All the
sj)ecimens I have received from Bombay are of the melanic form,
and are also the smaller sized specimens.

Genus EOSCARTA.
Eoscarta, Bredd. Soc. Enf. xvii, p. 58 (1902j.

Type, E. eos, Bredd., from Malacca.
Distribution. British India and Malaya.

Vertex of head fiat, forwardly reclined ; ocelli about as far
apart from eyes as from each other; face strongly laterally

i2

Fig. 88. — Caloscart:i capitata.

116

CEKCOPIDiE.

compressed, behind the middle obliquely directed downwards, before
the middle with a furrowed longitudinal impression, basal margin
of pronotum truncate or very slightly sinuate ; tegmina smooth,
apical veins weakest, apical areas not or sometimes excavate ; wings
without triangular costal appendage ; hind tibia? with one spine.
The longitudinally sulcate face is a typical character for this genus ;
the body is elongate in form, and the pronotum is not laterally
dilated.

2278. Eoscarta semirosea, Walk. (Cercopis) Joum. Linn. Soc, Zool.
i, p. 105 (1857) ; Bredd. (Eoscarta) Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. 1903,
p. 100 ; Jacvhi, ML Mas. Berlin, iii, p. 22 (1905).

Body and legs ochraceous ; tegmina pale semihyaline, base,

claval area, and sometimes
the costal area, ochraceous,
apical area rosaceous with a
few small fuscous spots in
the cellular areas ; face broadly
longitudinally sulcate before
middle, transversely striate
on its compressed sides ;
shortly and tinely pilose above,
legs moi'e strongly pilose ;
tarsal claws black.

Length excl. tegm. 7; exp.
tegm. 18 millim.
Hab. Assam ; Margherita {Doherty). — Malay Peninsula ; Perak
{Doherir/). Borneo.

Eig. 89.

-Eoscarta semirosea.

2279. Eoscarta borealis, Bisf. (Cosmoscarta) Tr. K S. 1878, p. 321 ;
Atkins. J. A. 8. B. liv, p. 12 (1885) ; Bredd. (Eoscarta) Deutsche
Ent. Zeitschr. 1903, p. 100.

Head and pronotum pale luteous, antennae black ; ocelli black :
eyes luteous, more or less suffused with black ; head beneath,
sternum and legs pale luteous, anterior and intermediate tibiae,
apices of posterior tibiae, aud the tarsi black; abdomen beneath
and tegmina roseate ; shortly and finely greyishly pilose ; face
compressed, before middle broadly longitudinally sulcate, finely
transversely striate on the flattened lateral areas.

Var. Head, pronotum, and tegmina dark roseate red, con-
colorous ; all the luteous coloration to body beneath and legs
replaced by dark roseate red.

Length excl. tegm. 6 ; exp. tegm. 16 to 17 millim.

Hah. Assam ; Ivhasi Hills {Chennell), Margherita {Dohtrty).
Tenasserim ; Myitta {Doherty). — W. Yunan {Anderson).

The Tenasserim specimens belong to the dark variety, which I
cannot specifically separate from the typical form.

EOSCARTA. 117

2280. Eoscarta nilgiriensis, Dist. (Cosmoscarta) Tr. E. S. 1900,

p. 681.

Head, pronotum, and seutellum dark castaneous ; abdomen,
body beneath, and legs dull reddish ; tegmina pale castaneous ;
wings pale fuliginous; head, pronotum, seutellum, and tegmina
distinctly finely densely pilose ; pronotum foveate on each side
behind anterior margin, its lateral margins somewhat laminate
but scarcely reflexed, its surface finely densely punctate ; face
anteriorly centrally broadly sulcate, its lateral areas strongly
transversely striate ; posterior tibite with a strong spine beyond
middle.

Length excl. tegm. 7 ; exp. tegm. 24 millim.

Hah. Nilgiri Hills {Coll. Dist.).

2281. Eoscarta apicata, sp. n.

Body and legs dull dark ochraceous ; tegmina ochraceous, the
costal area beyond middle and the apical margin broadly rosaceous,
the latter with the cellular areas depressed, the apical veins being
distinctly raised ; wings hyaline, with a faint opaline lustre, the
veins darker ; pronotum finely transversely rugulose ; face almost
continuously centrally, longitudinally broadly sulcate ; seutellum
broadly longitudinally foveate.

Length excl. tegm. 3| ; exp. tegm. 11 millim.

Hah. Ceylon {Green).

I have received a single specimen from Mr. E. E. Green of this
small but very distinct species. The longly sulcated face and the
pronounced apical cellular areas to the tegmina are prominent
characters.

2282. Eoscarta atricapilla, sp. n.

Body and legs dull ochraceous ; head between the eyes broadly
piceous-black ; eyes shining black ; tegmina dull ochraceous,
crossed by a straight, narrow, transverse fuscous-brown fascia
before m.iddle ; wings pale fuliginous ; pronotum anteriorly deeply
transversely foveate on each side, disc-ally punctate and very finely
pilose ; face broadly centrally longitudinally sulcate for its whole
length ; posterior tibia; with a single strong spine beyond middle

Length excl. tegm. 4 ; exp. tegm. 14 millim.

Hah. Burma ; Momeit {Doherty),

2283. Eoscarta illuminata, sp. n.

Ferruginous-brown ; face brownish-ochraceous ; sternum, coxae,
and trochanters pale ochraceous ; abdomen beneath piceous ; legs
ochraceous with piceous markings; tegmina piceons-brovvn, beyond
middle pale dull ochraceous, where the veins are piceous-brown,
and there is a subapical costal spot of the same colour ; wings very

118

CJillCOPID.T.

pale fuliginous with the veins darker; pronotum transversely
rugulose ; face moderately compressed, longitudinally broadly
sulcate on its upper half, transversely striate on its lateral areas.

Length inch tegm. 8 millira.

Hah. Assam ; Margherita (DoJierti/).

Genus PHYMATOSTETHA.

Phvmatostetba, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fiirh. 1870, p. 721; Atkins.
J. A. S. B. liv, p. 13 (1885).

Type, P. perspicillaris, White, from the Philippines.

Distnhatioii. Oriental and Malayan Regions.

" Face tumid, seldom forming an angle below the middle, without
a keel or longitudinal impression. Ocelli nearer each other than
the eyes. Pronotum with the posterior margin before the scu-
tellum slightly sinuated, posterior lateral margins straight or
sinuated ; mesosternum posteriorly with two conical tubercles.
Legs moderate, posterior tibiae armed with one or two spines."
(StM.)

This genus is easily distinguished from the following, Cos-
moscarta, by the narrower and posteriorly straighter or sinuate
pronotum ; a secondary and subsidiary character may be found in
the more prominently spined posterior tibi.'e, especially the more
developed basal spine.

A. Ter/mina ivith ^yale transverse fascia'.

2284. Phymatostetha circumducta. Walk. (Cercopis) List Horn.
Suppl. p. 17o (iS'jS); Batl. (Phvmatostetba) Cist. Ent. \,
p. 2(58 (1874) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 13 (1885).
Cercopis ccstalis, Wttlk. List Hotn. iii, p. 664 (1851), uom.
prteocc.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum black ; anterior margin of

vertex, a spot at base of
face and anterior and lateral
margins of pronotum ochra-
ceous ; abdomen above
violaceous - black ; body
beneath and legs ochra-
ceous; face, sublateral areas
of prosternuu), lateral mar-
gins of mesosternum, meso-
sternal tubercles, and cen-
tral and lateral transverse
spots to abdomen, black ;
femora streaked with

Fig. QO.— Phymatostetha circumducta.

piceous ; tegmina piceous, costal and apical margins oehraceous,
interior claval margin connected with a transverse fascia crossing
tegmen before middle, and another transverse fascia before apical
area testaceous-red ; wings fuliginous, extreme base sanguineous,

Pn YMAXOSTETHA . 119

beyond which it is for a slight distance suffnsed with black ;
head transversely impressed in front of eyes ; ])ronotum rugnlose,
a little transversely foveately impressed on each side before anterior
margin, centrally finely and obscurely longitudinally carinate, lateral
margins moderately reflexed ; scutellum centrally foveate; face
globose, finely carinate on lateral areas ; niesosternal tubercles
prominent, their apices subacutely recurved ; rostrum reaching the
intermediate coxae ; posterior tibia) with a ^ell-developed spine
near base and a longer spine beyond middle ; tegmina about two
and a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. S to 12 ; exp. tegm. 22 to 27 millim.

Hah. Simla {Lefroy) ; Malabar {Bnt. Mus.). — Malay Peninsula ;
Perak {Dohertij).

2285. Phymatostetha stali, Butl. Ci^f. Ent. i, p. i'07 (1874) : Atldm-
J. A. S. B. liv, p. 13 (iHSo) ; Dist. Tr. E. S. 1900, p. (386.

Tomaspis circuindiicta, Stdl {nee Walk.), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fiirh.
1865, p. loO; id. (Phymatostetha) toni. r/f.*1870, p. 721.

Cosiuuscarta sikkimensis, Atki/is. J. A. >S. JJ. Ivii, p. o-jo (1888).

Phymatostetha birniaiiica, Jcicobi, Mt. Mus. Berlin, iii, p. '20, i. i,
f. 8 (1905).

Head and pronotum piceous ; vertex of head in front of eyes,
face, lateral margins and anterior area of pronotum, scutellum
and legs, ochraceous or pale testaceous ; abdomen violaceous-
black, beneath more or less ochraceously pilose ; sternum piceous ;
tegmina piceous, a basal costal and claval streak, two transverse
fasciae, the first before middle the second before apical area, and
the apical margin pale testaceous ; wings pale fuligiuoiis ; head
transversely incised before eyes ; pronotum finely transversely
wrinkled, centrally longitudinally carinate on anterior half, trans-
versely foveately impressed on each side before anterior ntargin,
the lateral margins moderately reflexed ; scutellum foveate at
base ; face globose, very finely striate on lateral areas ; mesosternal
tubercles broad, subprominent ; rostrum reaching the intermediate
coxae ; posterior tibice with a moderately strong spine near base
and a very strong spine a little beyond middle ; tegmina about
two and a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 14 to 15 ; exp. tegm. 29 to 37 millim.

Hah. X.W. Himalaya {Coll. Dist.). Assam ; Margherita and
Nilga Hills (Doherttj); Bhim Tal, Kumaon {Lid. Mus.). Burma;
Karennee (Jide Jacohi).

228G. Phymatostetha hilaris, U'alk. (Cercopks) List Horn, iii, p. 005
(1851); Bntl. (Phyiiiaio^tetha) Cist. Ent. \, p. 208 (1874);
Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 14 (1885).

Head, pronotum, and scutellum piceous, thickly finely pilose ;
margins of head, and lateral and anterior margins of pronotum
stramineous ; abdomen above violaceous-black ; face black, the
anterior and half the central area very pale ochraceous ; body
beneath and legs stramineous, some sternal spots and narrow

120 CERCOPiD-i:.

transverse central and lateral spots to abdomen beneath, black ;
tegmina fuscous-brown, costal area as far as, and connected with,
a narrow transverse fascia befoi'e middle, basal halt: of interior
claval margin, a narrow transverse fascia before apical area, and a
small subapical spot stramineous, apical margin brownish-
ochraceous ; wings slightly fuliginous, the veins piceous, extreme
base pale testaceous, beyond which it is for a slight distance more
or less suffused with black ; head transversely impressed in front
of eyes, beyond which it is centrally cariuate ; pronotum rugulose,
faintly centrally longitudinally carinate, foveately impressed on
each side near anterior margin, lateral margins moderately reflexed ;
scutellum centrally foveate ; face globose, somewhat strongly
striate on lateral areas ; mesosternal tubercles compressed, their
apices a little subacutely upturned ; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate coxae ; posterior tibise with a somewhat strong spine near
base and a longer spine beyond middle ; tegmina about two and
a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 10 to 11 ; exp, tegm. 22 to 27 millim.

Hah. Malabar {Brit. Mus.). — Borneo.

B. Tegmina tvith a transverse fascia and spots,

2287. Phymatostetha rengma, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1900, p, 685,

t. ix, f. 11.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous ; basal area of head,
two large anterior spots to pronotum, base and apex of scutellum
piceous or black ; body beneath and legs piceous ; face and lateral
margins of presternum ochraceous; abdomen above purplish-black,
apex and lateral margins ochraceous ; tegmina piceous, apical
margins much paler, a claval fascia connected with the costa by a
transverse fascia before middle, a basal costal spot, two discal spots
beyond middle, and a subapical spot ochraceous : wings pale
fuliginous ; head broadly transversely impressed before eyes ;
pronotum finely wrinkled and somewhat coarsely punctate, the
anterior black spots subfoveate, very obscurely centrally longi-
tudinally carinate, the lateral margins moderately reflexed ; face
globose, very finely laterally striate ; mesosternal tubercles im-
perfectly seen in specimen described ; rostrum reaching the
intermediate coxae; posterior tibiae with a strong spine near base
and a longer spine beyond middle ; tegmina about two and a half
times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 16 ; exp. tegm. 40 millim.

Hah. Assam ; Naga Hills {Doherty).

2288. Phymatostetha nangla, Dlst. Tr. E. S. 1900, p. 683,

t. ix, f. 9.

Head and pronotum sanguineous ; basal margin of head and
two curved central fasciae to pronotum which are united at base
and angulated on eacli side near lateral angles, black ; scutellum

PHTMATOSTETHA. 121

black ; abdomen above dark indigo-blue ; body beneath and legs
piceons ; face and lateral margins of prosternum sanguineous ;
tegmina piceous, a basal claval elongate spot with a smaller costal
spot above it, a transverse fascia before middle, and three sub-
apical spots sanguineous, apical margin dull ochraceous ; wings
pale fuliginous ; head transversely impressed in front of eyes ;
pronotum very finely wrinkled and more finely punctate, foveate
on each side before anterior margin, obsoletely finely centrally
carinate, lateral margins moderately reflexed ; scutelium centrally
sulcata ; face globose, very finely striate on lateral areas ; meso-
sternal tubercles moderately prominent and tlieir apices subacute;
rostrum x-eaching the intermediate coxce; posterior legs mutilated in
specimen described ; tegmina about two and a half times as long
as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 17 ; exp. tegm. 45 millim.

Hab. Assam ; Xuga Hills {Doherti/),

2289, Phymatostetha pudica, Walk. (Cercopis) Ins. Sauncl, Horn.

p. 84 (1858) ; Bidl. (Phvmatostetha) Cist. Ent. i, p. 2C9
(1874) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. \i\, p. 15 (1885) ; id. torn. cit. Iv,
p. 195 (1886).

Head (including face) pale castaneous ; pronotum tawny-brown,
with a central longitudinal fascia and a transverse fascia behind
each eye ochraceous, between the transverse and longitudinal
fasciae near anterior margin the colour is black ; scutelium black,
with a basal spot and apical area brownish-ochraceous ; metanotum
ochraceous ; abdomen above violaceous-black, apical area centrally
and longitudinally ochraceous ; body beneath and legs black or
piceous; bases of coxae, femora (excluding apices), bases of tibiae,
lateral margins of prosternum, large rounded lateral segmental
abdominal spots, and disk of fourth abdominal segment ochraceous;
tegmina tawny-brown, with basal costal and claval streaks,
a transverse series of three spots before middle, an irregular
fascia before apical area, and the apical margin ochraceous ; wings
dark fuliginous, their bases sanguineous; pronotum finely rugulose,
foveately impressed on each side before anterior margin, lateral
margins slightly reflexed ; mesosternal tubercles subconically
produced ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxae ; posterior
tibiae with two spines, one near base, the other beyond middle ;
tegmina about two and a half times as long as broad.

Length exol. tegm. 16 ; exp. tegm. 42 millim.

Hah. Silhet {Brit. Mus.).

2290. Phymatostetha signifera. Walk. (Cercopis) List Horn, iii,

p. 055 (1851) ; SiSi (Tomaspis), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. ]805,
p. 151 ; id. (Phvmatostetha) torn. cii. 1870, p. 721 ; Butl. Cist.
Ent. I, p. 270 (1874) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 15 (1885).

Head, pronotum, and scutelium stramineous ; base of head and
two broad angulated fascise to pronotum black ; abdomen above

122

cercopid.t:.

violaceous-black, the apex and lateral marginal spots ochraceous ;
body beneath and legs pale ochraceous, disk of sternum and
posterior margins of abdominal segments piceous ; tegmina with
about basal half stramineous, containing three fuscous spots,
remaining area fuscous, with a much waved and broken testaceous
fascia, apical margin dark ochraceous ; wings very pale fuliginous ;
head transversely impressed before eyes ; pronotum iinely wrinkled
and obscurely punctate, centrally iinely longitudinally carinate.

Fig. ^l.—Phtj iiuil ostcfha s/;jiii/era.

foveately impressed on each side before anterior margin, lateral
margins reflexed ; face globose, distinctly transversely striate on
each lateral area ; mesosternal tubercles subacutely prominent ;
rostrum reaching the intermediate coxfe ; posterior tibitc with two
long spines, one near base and the other beyond middle ; tegmina
nearly three times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 14 to 15; exp. tegm. 38 to 40 millira.

Hal). Silhet (Brit. Mus.). Assam ; ISIoa Dehing Valley ( Chennell),
Naga Hills (Doherti/), Shillong {Coll. Dist.). Darjiling {Coll.
Dist.).

229 1. Phymatostetha dubitabilis, Wall;. (Ceicopis)'Z/V JIo)!i. Suppl.
p. 17;! (18o8); Butl. (Plivmatostetlia) Cist.' Ent. i, p. L'70
(1874) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B\\\\, !>. IG (1885).

Head, pronotum, and scutellum black ; anterior areas of head
and face, lateral margins and a central longitudinal fascia to pro-
notum, and disk of scutellum dull ochraceous; abdomen above
castaneous, paler at base, anal appendage above and beneath
testaceous ; body beneath black, lateral margins of prosternum
ochraceous, coxae, legs, and segmental abdominal margins testa-
ceous-red, anterior and intermediate tibiie piceous ; tegmina
testaceous-red, interior margin of clavus and a spot on its posterior
margin, two curved and very irregular transverse fascia;, the first
narrower at about one-third from base, the second wider and
outwardly angulate at about middle, and two spots beyond it, the
lowermost often obscure, piceous, apex paler and more ochraceous;

PIITMATOSTEXHA. 123

wings pale fuliginous, the base narrowly sanguineous ; head trans-
versely impressed in front of eyes; pronotum rugulose and finely
punctate, very finely centrally longitudinally earinate, foveate on
each side near anterior margin, lateral margins reflexed ; scutellura
foveate at disk ; face globose, laterally transversely striate ; meso-
sternal tubercles subprominent; rostrum reaching the intermediate
coxae; posterior tibia) with two strong spines, one near base, the
other near middle ; tegmina about two and a half times as long as
broad.

Length excl. tegm. 13 to 16 ; exp. tegm. 33 to 37 millim.

Hah. " Hindostan " {Brit. Mxs.).

C. Te(/mina with pale spots, not tnmsversehj fasciated.

2292. PhymatOStetha stellata, Guer. (Cercopis) Icon. Rhjne An.,

Te.rte, p. 308 (1829-44) ; Stdl (Phvmatostetha), Ofo. Fet.-Ak.

FUrk. 1870, Y<- 721; Biitl. Cist. Eni. i, p. i^(J9 (1874); Atkins.

J. A. 8. B. liv, p. 14 (1885); Jacohi, Mt. Mus. Berlin, iii,

p. 19, t. i, f. 14 (1905).
Cercopis dorsimacula, Walk. List Horn, iii, p. 663 (1851).
Cercopis tomeutosa, Walk. J. Li)ui. Sac, Zoul. x, p. 284 (18G7).

Head, pronotum, and scutellum black ; anterior margin of head,
lateral margins and two discal spots to pronotum, and two large
basal spots to scutellum testaceous : abdomen above violaceous-
black ; body beneath and legs black or piceous, lateral margins of
prosternum ochraceous; tegminablack with eight testaceous spots —
two basal, situate in costal and claval areas, two before middle, one
discal at middle, two before apical area, and one subapical ; wings
fuliginous ; disk of vertex concave ; pronotum finely punctate and
rugulose, centrally longitudinally earinate, foveately impressed on
each side before anterior margin, lateral margins reflexed ;
scutellum transversely striate, centrally foveate ; face ochraceous
at base, transversely striate, smoothly, linearly, centrally inter-
rupted ; mesosternal tubercles acutely prominent ; rostrum
reaching the intermediate coxae; posterior tibiae with two strong
spines, one near base, the other beyond middle ; tegmina about
two and a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 16 ; exp. tegm. 40 millim.

Hab. Malabar (Brit. Mus.). — Malay Peninsula; Perak {Dolierty).
Borneo ; Kina Balu ( Whitehead). Sumatra.

2293. PhymatOStetha sema, Bist. Tr. E. s. 1900, p. 684, t. ix, f. 10.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum piceous ; about apical half of
head, lateral and anterior margins and three elongate discal spots
to pronotum, and the central area of scutellum testaceous; abdomen
above black, the apex and lateral marginal spots sanguineous ;
body beneath and legs piceous, coxal spots, bases and apices of
femora, tarsi (excluding apices), a broad central area to posterior

124 CERCOPIDJE.

tibia?, and transverse fascia) to abdomen beneath, testaceous; face
and lateral margins of prosternum reddish-ocbraceous ; tegmina
dull ochraceous- brown, with nine ochraceous spots, of which two
are basal in costal and claval areas, one a little beyond and beneath
radial area, three in transverse series before middle, two before
apical area and one subapical, apical and costal margins paler and
more ochraceous ; wings pale fuliginous, narrowly purplish-red at
base ; head transversely impressed before eyes ; pronotum trans-
versely rugulose, obscurely centrally longitudinally carinate,
foveately impressed on each side near anterior margin, lateral
margins reflexed ; scutellum transversely striate, centrally foveate ;
face very finely transversely striate on lateral areas, broadly
smoothly centrally interrupted ; mesosternal tubercles broadly
compressed and subacute; posterior tibije ^^^th two strong spines,
one near base, the other beyond middle ; tegmina about two and
a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 17 to 21 ; exp. tegm. 42 to 50 millim.

Hab. Assam ; Naga Hills (Doherti/).

2294. Phymatostetha dorsivitta, Walk. (Cercopis) List Horn, in,
p. (562 (18ol) ; L'ldL (Phyniatostetha) Cist. Ent. i, p. 269
(1874); Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. ]5_(18S5).

Cercopis humeralis, Walk. List Horn, ill, p. 662 (1851).

Phvmatostetlia icterica, Jacohi, Ges. Naturf. Fveiinde Berlin,
1902, p. 24; id. Zool. Jahrh. xxi, p. 443, t. xxi, f. 11 (1905).

Head (including face) and pronotum testaceous-red ; base of
head between eyes, and a sublateral longitudinal fascia on each
side of pronotum which are widened at and join posterior angles,
black ; scutellum black ; abdomen above violaceous-black, the
lateral margins and apex sanguineous ; body beneath and legs
piceous or black, lateral margins of prosternum, lateral and seg-
mental margins and apical area to abdomen testaceous-red ;
tegmina piceous with eight testaceous-red spots, of which the two
basal are elongate and situate in the costal and claval ai'eas, the
remaining spots rounded, three in curved transverse series before
middle, two before apical area and one subapical; wings fuliginous,
the base sanguineous ; head transversely impressed in front of
ej^es ; pronotum rugulose and finely punctate, centrally longi-
tudinally carinate, foveately impressed on each side before anterior
margin, lateral margins reflexed; scutellum transversely striate,
centrally foveate, the disk sometimes testaceous ; face globose,
finely transversely striate ; mesosternal tubercles siibconically
prominent ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxae ; posterior
coxa) with two strong spines, one near base, the other beyond
middle ; tegmina about tw^o and a half times as long as broad ;
body beneath finely and legs more longly pilose.

Length excl. tegm. 16 to 17 ; exp. tegm. 38 to 45 millim.

Bah. Ahuorah and Silhet {Brit. Mus.). — Tonkin.

PUTMATOSTETHA.

125

2295. Phymatostetha triseriata, Butl. Cist. Ent. i, p. 267 (1874).

" Allied to P. siali, larger, with broader tegtniua, the transverse
bauds of which are each broken up into three spots ; head red-
brown, becoming redder in front ; clypeus scarlet; thorax, pectus,
and legs piceous, the lateral anterior margins of the thorax scarlet ;
scutellum black, with scarlet margin ; abdomen shining purple-
black ; tegmina piceous, the costal margin, a streak on the outer
basal edge of clavus, and two transverse series each of three spots,
scarlet, apical margin bright testaceous ; wings slightly f uscesent,
base scarlet." {Butler.)

I possess a specimen from Garwhal which is a slight varietal
form of the above ; the clypeus has its lateral areas black ; the
tegminal markings are testaceous, not scarlet ; head transversely
impressed between eyes ; pronotum finely rugulose and punctate :
face very finely transversely striate on lateral areas ; mesosternal
tubercles broadly subprominent ; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate coxae, posterior tibia' with a strong spine near base and
a longer spine beyond middle ; tegmina about two and a half
times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegra. 14 ; exp. tegai. 37 millim.

Hah. N.W. India ; Garwhal {Coll. List.).— Laos {Brit. Mus.).

2296. Phymatostetha Mnotata, Bist. Tr. R S. 1878, p. 322 ; Atkins.
J. A. >S'. i?. liv, p. 17 (1885).

Head (including face) pale sanguineous ; pronotum piceous, the
lateral margins pale sanguineous ; scutellum black ; abdomen above
shining purphsh-black ; body beneath black ; legs piceous, femora
somewhat castaneous; lateral margins of prosternum pale san-
guineous ; tegmina piceous, their margins and two irregularly

rounded spots, one before
middle and the other before
apical area, pale sangui-
neous * ; wings pale fuli-
ginous, bases narrowly
sanguineous ; head angu-
larly transvei'sely impressed
in front of eyes ; pronotum
finely transversely rugulose,
foveately impressed on each
side before anterior margin, indistinctly centrally longitudinally
carinate, the lateral margins reflexed ; scutellum transversely striate,
centrally foveate ; face slightly transversely striate on each lateral
area ; mesosternal tubercles broadly subacutely prominent ;
pronotum reaching the intermediate coxae; posterior tibiae with a

Fig. 1*2. — Flii/matostctha hinotata.

* Since I described this species in 1878, 1 find tbat time in cabinet specimens
transforms the colour sanguineous into more or less oehraceous.

126

CERCOPID^.

short spine near base and a longer spine beyond middle ; tegmina
about two and a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 14; exp. tegm. 35 millim.

Hah. Assam ; Sadi3'a {Cliennell).

2297. Phymatostetlia karenia, I)isf. Tr. E. S. 1900, p. 685,

t. ix, f. 12.

Head (including face) reddisli-ochraceous, narrow!)' piceous at
base; pronotum pale luteous ; scutellum. abdomen above, body
beneath and legs bluish-black or piceous ; lateral margins of pro-
sternum and two spots near anterior coxae pale luteous ; tegmina
piceous, their apical margins ochraceous, with four pale luteous
spots, situate two before middle and two before apical ai'ea ;
Avings pale fuliginous ; head transversely, slightly, angularly
impressed in front of eyes ; pronotum finely transversely rugulose,
obscurely centrally carinate, foveately impressed on each side
before anterior margin, lateral margins moderately reflexed ;
scutellum transversely striate, centrally foveate ; face finely
transversely striate on each lateral area ; mesosternal tubercles
broadly compressed and subacute ; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate coxa) ; posterior tibiae with a strong spine near base and
a longer spine beyond middle ; tegmina about two and a half
times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 15 to 16 ; exp. tegm. 35 to 43 millim.

Bah. Burma; Hsipaw (Brit. 3Ius.), Karen Hills (Doherty).

2298. Phymatostetlia pudens, If'a/k. (Cercopis) List Horn. Suppl.

p. 174 (1858) ; Stdl (Tomaspis), Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1865,
p. 151; id. (Phvmato.stetha) to7n. cit. 1870, p. 721 ; Buil. Cist.
Ent. i, p. 270 (1874) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 16 (1885).

Head (including face) and pronotum testaceous-red ; base of head,
apical area of face, and t^vo spots near anterior margin of pro-
notum, black ; scutellum and abdomen above black, the apex and

Fig. 93. — Fhijiiiatostrilia piuto/a.

large lateral marginal spots to the latter testaceous-red ; body
beneath and legs black ; lateral margins of prosteruum and lateral
margins (broken at segments) of abdomen beneath testaceous-red;
tegmina testaceous-red with four black spots before middle, two
elongate at costal area, and two smaller on the claval area ; winos

PHYMATOSXETIIA. ] 27

very pale fuliginous, the basal area broadly carmine-red ; head trans-
versely impressed in front of eyes ; pronotum finely transversely
i-ugulose, foveately impressed on each side near anterior margin',
faintly centrally longitudinally carinate, lateral margins slic^htly
reflexed; face slightly laterally striate; mesosternal tubw-eles
prominently conically produced; rostrum reaching the intermediate
coxa; ; posterior tibiae with a strong spiue near base and another
beyond middle; tegmina about two and a half times as long as broad

Length excl. tegm. 19 to 20 ; exp. tegm. 47 millim.

Hab. "E. India" {Brii. Mus.), Sikhim (Jide Atkinson) . l)ariilin<^
{Coll. Dist.). •" ^

D. Tegmina pale ivith a clarl- subcostal streak.

2299. Phymatostetha basiclava, iValk. (Cercopi.O, List Ilom. Sinml

p. 171^ (lyo8j; St^d (Phymatostetha), Ofo. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1870
p. 721 ; Butl. Cist. Ent. i, p. 270 (1874) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv
p. 17 (1885). '

Tomaspis lariuia, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. I860, j). 1.j2.

Head (inckiding face), pronotum, and scutellum testaceous ; base
of head between eyes, two large spots near anterior margin of
pronotum and two very small spots between them, and basal
angles and apex of scutellum black; abdomen above violaceous-
black, the anal appendage above and beneath testaceous-red; body
beneath and legs black, lateral margins of prosternum testaceous';
coxal spots, apices of femora, and broad transverse segmental
fasciae to abdomen testaceous-red ; tegmina testaceous with'^a black-
basal streak beneath costal area which extends to about one-third
from base and is apically broadened and turned downward ; wings
very pale fuliginous, sanguineous at extreme base, and suffused
wdth pale piceous at anal area ; head transversely impressed in
front of eyes; pronotum finely rugulose and punctate, somewhat
strongly toveate on each side before anterior margin, obsoletely
longitudinally centrally carinate, the lateral margins reflexed';
scutellum transversely striate, discally foveate ; face globose, finelv
laterally transversely striate ; mesosternal tubercles broadly
prominent ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxa? ; posterior
tibiae with two strong spines, one near base, the other beyond
middle ; tegmina about three times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 21 ; exp. tegm. 48 millim.

Hab. ^'Miim {Knyvett, Incl. Mus.). E. Himalayas ; Kalimpong
{Mann, Ind. Mus.). Central Indm {Val. Ball, CoU. Dist.).

E. Ter/mina black tvith pale bases (small species).

2300. Phymatostetha lydia, StSl (Ceicopis), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork.

1805, p. 149; Butl. (Cosmoscarta) Cist. Ent. i, p. 257 (1874) ■
Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 9 (1885).

Head (including face) and pronotum black, basal area of the
latter saffron-yellow ; scutellum black ; abdomen above ochraceous
Avith the apex black; body beneath and legs saff'ron-vellow,

128 CERCOPID.E.

anterior lateral margin of prosternuin, disk of niesosternum, and
the tarsi black ; tegmina black, with the base saffron-yellow or
testaceous ; wings pale fuliginous, the base saffron-yellow ; head
transversely impressed in front of eyes ; pronotnm thickly finely
punctate, foveately impressed on each side near anterior margin,
lateral margins reflexed ; scutellum discally foveate ; face globose,
laterally transversely striate ; mesosternal keels not prominent ;
rostrum reaching the intermediate coxae ; posterior tibia3 with a
verv short spine near base and a somewhat longer spine beyond
middle ; tegmina little more than twice as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 8 to 10 ; exp. tegm. 20 to 23 millim.

Hah. " East India " {Brit. Mas.).

Stal also states that sometimes the tegmina have no saffron
bauds and sometimes have two, one before and the other behind
the middle. I have not seen these varieties.

2301. Phymatostetha deschampsi, LHh. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1892,
p. 208.

Head (including face) shining black, the latter with a central
ochraceous line ; prouotum black, the posterior area sanguineous,
in some specimens sanguineous with only the anterior area black ;
body beneath and legs pale sanguineous ; a subquadrate spot on
lateral margins of prosternum behind eyes, and the apex of

abdomen, black ; tegmina black, the
basal area sanguineous ; wings pale
fuliginous, base pale sanguineous ; head
transversely impi-essed in front of eyes,
pronotum very finely punctate, foveately
impressed on each side near anterior
margin ; lateral margins slightly reflexed ;
scutellum discally foveate ; face globose,
finely laterally transversely striate ;
mesosternal keels not prominent; ros-
trum about reaching the intermediate
coxae ; posterior tibiae with a very short
p. spine near base and a somewhat long

NnjmatoMha deschampsi. ^^^"^"^^ beyond middle ; tegmina little more

than twice as long as broad, unexpauded
as in the figure above, they have the appearance of greater
proportional length.

Length excl. tegm. 8; exp. tegm. 18 millim.
Hah. Trivandrum {Brit. Mus.).

Genus COSMOSCARTA.

Cosmoscarta, Stdl, Hem. Fabr. ii, p. 11 (1869) ; id. Ofo. Vet.-Ak.

Fork. 1870, p. 718 ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 6 (1885).
Cercopis, Stdl (part.), Hem. Afr. \\, p. 55 (18G6).
Trichoscarta, Bredd. Soc. Ent. xvii, p. 51 (1902).

Type, C. heros, Fabr., from China.

COSMOSCARTA.

1^9

Distribution. Oriental, Malayan, and Eastern Palsearctic llegions.

The species belonging to Cosmoscarta were formerly included in
the old Fabrician genus Cercopis. From this it differs, as pointed
out by Stal, in having the front very large and tumid, obtuse,
extended on the facial side almost to the eyes, devoid of any
lono-itudinal furrow or keel. The posterior tibiae have a strong
spine beyond the middle and a small spine more or less developed,
sometimes almost obsolete, near base. It is distinguished from
Phijrnatostetha by the greater breadth of the pronotura.

This is a very extensive genus and is largely represented ni the
fauna of British India. The species are very difficult to group
by structural characters which generally in allied species are of
inconstant or secondarv character, though further study may
discover a better method. They are found, however, ui groups ni
which the markings of the tegmina provide much guidance ; these
I have largely used as most helpful to the readers of this book
in British India, at the same time describing the structural
characters of each species.

A. Terjmina ivith transverse pale fascue.

a. Pronotum blacl; bluish blade, or castaneous.

2302. Cosmoscarta heroina, sp. n.

Head (including face), pronotum, and prosternura dark, shining
bluish-black ; meso- and metasterna, legs, and abdomen above and
beneath sanguineous : tegmina black, basal area anda transverse
fascia before apical area sanguineous ; wings pale fuliginous, base

Fig. 95. — Cosmoscarta heroina,

and costal margin narrowly sanguineous; head transversely
impressed before eves; prouotum with a central longitudinal
carination on its anterior half; mesosternum with two well-
developed central tubercles between which the rostrum passes
and about reaches the intermediate coxae ; face globosely pro-
minent, transversely striate; tegmina very thickly and finely
punctate, the reticulate veins on the apical area prominently

TOL. IV, ^

130 OERCOPIDyE.

raised, costal margin evenly convexly arehed from base ; posterior
tibicB with one sti-ong spine beyond middle.

Length excl. tegm. 12 to 15 ; exp. tegin. 30 to 40 millim.

Hah. Assam ; jN";iga Hills (Dohert;/), Margherita (Ind. Mus.).

This species is allied to the Chinese species, C. heros, Fabr., the
type of the genns.

2303. Cosmoscarta montana, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1900, p. 678.

Head (including face), pronotum, and prosternum bluish-black ;
meso- and metasterna, legs, and abdomen above and beneath
ochraceous ; abdomen above with the segmental margins nar-
rowly piceous ; tegmina black, Avith the basal area and a transverse
fascia before the apical area pale ochraceous ; wings very pale
fuliginous ; head transversely impressed before eyes ; pronotum
with a central longitudinal cariiiation on its anterior half ;
mesonotum with two central black subacute conical tubercles,
through wliich the rostrum passes but does not reach the inter-
mediate coxoe ; tegmina somewhat elongate, about two and a half
times as long as broad, very thickly minutely punctate ; posterior
tibiae with a strong spine beyond middle.

Length excl. tegm. 9 to 10 ; exp. tegm. 25 to 26 millim.

Hah. Assam ; Naga Hills (Doherty).

2304. Cosmoscarta nagasana, Did. Tr. E. S. 1900, p. 678.

Body bluish-black ; apex of abdomen, coxae and femora dull
sanguineous, tibiae and tarsi piceous ; eyes luteous ; tegmina
piceous-black, with two transverse pale ochraceous fascia;, the
first broader at about one-fourth from base, the second at about
one-third from apex ; wings very pale fuliginous ; head trans-
versely impressed in front of eyes ; pronotum very finely punctate,
with two large transverse fovese near anterior margin and a
smaller foveate impression near each lateral angle, obsoletely
longitudinally centrally carinate on anterior half, the lateral
margins and angles very distinctly reflexed ; scutellum trans-
versely foveate at base ; posterior tibiae with a strong spine
beyond middle ; mesonotum with two broad, somewhat com-
pressed, subtriangular tubercles ; rostrum not reaching the
intermediate coxae.

Length excl. tegm. 12; exp. tegm. 28 millim.

Hah. Assam; Naga Hills (Do/ter^?/).

2305. Cosmoscarta decisa. Walk. (Cercopis) List Horn. Suppl. p. 175

(1858) ; Butl. (Cosmoscarta) Cist. Ent. i, p. 258 (1874) ;
Atkiits. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 9 (1885) ; id., var., torn. cit. Ivii,
p. 336, t. XV, upper rig-ht-hand iigure (1888).

Head (including face), pronotum, scutellum, and sternum
shining bluish-black ; abdomen above and beneath black, above
with the segmental margins narrowly ochraceous, and the anal
segment also of that colour ; legs ochraceous, femora more or less

COSMOSCAMA. 131

suffused with piceoas, the tarsi and anterior and intermediate
tibiiB pieeous ; tej^mina black, with three transverse pale ochra-
ceous fasciae, the first irregular and basal, connected at inner
margin with the second which is straight and situate before
middle, third before apical area, the basal fascia is also angularly
produced in costal area ; head transversely impressed before eyes ;
])ronotum very obsoletely longitudinally carinate on its anterior
half ; mesonotum with two moderately short tubercles ; rostrum
about reaching the intermediate coxae ; tegmina moderately short
and broad, not much more than twice as long as broad, rather
strongly arched at base of costal margin, very thickly and
minutely puuctate.

Length excl. tegm. 9 ; exp, tegra. 25 millira.

Hah. Assam : N:iga Hills (Doherty). Darjiling (Coll. Dist.). —
W. Yunan (Anderson).

I possess a variety from Darjiling in which the fasciie to the
tegmina are sanguineous.

2306. Cosmoscarta trigona, Walk. (Cercopis) List Ham. in, p. 6G0

(1851) ; Bidl. (Cosmoscarta) C'iat. Ent. i, p. L'"j7 (1874) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 9 (1885).
Cercopis amplicoUis, Walk. List Horn. Suppl. p. 175 (1858).

Head, pronotum, and body beneath black ; scutellum and legs
testaceous ; tibiae and tarsi fuscous ; abdomen above black, seg-
mental margins and anal segment sanguineous ; tegmina piceous,
crossed by two testaceous or sanguineous transverse angulate
fasciae, the first near middle, the second just before apical ai'ea,
the first connected or nearly connected with base along claval
area and also along the costal area by the same colour; apical area
more or less fuscous- brown ; wings very pale fuliginous, the base
and costal margin narrowly sanguineous ; head transversely im-
pressed before eyes ; pronotum transversely impressed, centrally
longitudinally carinate on anterior half, both head and pronotum
more or less ochraceously tomentose ; mesonotum with two broad
compressed tubercles ; rostrum not quite reaching the inter-
mediate coxae ; face globose, the striations brownish-ochraceous ;
posterior tibiae with a single short spine beyond middle ; tegmina
about two and a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 54 to G ; exp. tegm. 27 to 29 millim.

Hah. Assam ; Margherita (Dolun-ty), Kh;lsi Hills (Chennell),
Naga Hills (Dohertij). Sikhim (Ind. Mus.). Darjiling (Coll. Dist.).
Nilgiri Hills (Hamjjson).

2307. Cosmoscarta metallica, Dist. Tr. E. 8. 1900, p. 679.

Body dark indigo-blue ; apex and lateral margins of abdomen,
coxae and femora coral-red ; tibiae aud tarsi fuscous ; segmental
margins to abdomen beneath dull reddish ; tegmina black, with
two irregularly shaped and angulate sanguineous transverse
fasciae, the first at about one-third from base, the other before

JC

'>

132

CERCOPIDiE,

apical area, the iunermost connected with base by a slender
sanguineous longitudinal fascia ; wings very pale fuliginous ; head
transversely impressed before eyes ; prouotum very finely punc-
tate, strongly foveate on each side near anterior margin, and
more narrowly so near each lateral angle, the lateral margins
rather strongly reflexed ; face strongly prominent ; mesosternum
AAith two moderate-sized tubercles ; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate coxoe; posterior tibia? with a single moderate-sized spine
I)eyond middle ; tegmina thickly and finely punctate, about two
and a half times as long as broad.

Var. Tegmina with the transverse fasciae ochraceous, not
sanguineous.

Length excl, tegm. 11 ; exp. tegm. 2G millim.

Ilab. Burma; Ruby Mines {Doherty).

2308. Cosmoscarta macgillivrayi, Did. Tr. E. S. 1900, p. 674.

Head (including face), prouotum, scutellum, and sternum bluish-
black, the latter somewhat thickly ochraceously pilose ; abdomen
and legs testaceous, the latter more or less longitudinally sufl'iised
\\ith castaneous ; scutellum with an elongate testaceous spot ou
each lateral margin ; abdomen above with the segmental mai'gins
sanguineous, beneath thickly ochraceously pilose ; tegmina pale
ochraceous, the venation, disk of costal margin, apical area, two
large spots beneath costal area, and a claval spot piceous ; base

Fig. 96. — Cosmoscarta inacijUlivrayi.

and two transverse fascia), the first near middle and the second
before apical area, sanguineous, neither of these fasciae reach the
costa and the central one is connected along claval margin with
the basal sanguineous coloration ; wings very pale fuliginous, base
and costal margin very narrowly sanguineous ; head transversely
impressed before eyes ; pronotum transversely wrinkled, finely
longitudinally centrally carinate, lateral margins reflexed ; meso-
notuEQ with two short, broad, compressed tubercles : rostrum
reaching intermediate coxa? ; tegmina slender, about three times
as long as broad ; posterior tibiae with a single prominent spiue
beyond middle.

Length excl. tegm. 11 : exp. tegm. 28 millim.

COSMOSCARXA.

133

Hah. Sikhim {Coll. JJisL).

The Britisli Museum contains several unlocalized specimens of
this species collect ed during the voyage of H.M.S. ' Herald.'

2309. Cosmoscarta pictilis, Stal (Cercopis), Ofr. Vet.-Ak. Fork.
1854, p. 241); IJx/l. (Cosmoscarta) Ci.^'t. Ent. i, p. 2GtJ (1874);
Atkim. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 12 (1885).

" Obscurely green clialybeous ; scutellum on both sides at base
and also the apex weakly spotted with cianabar ; tegmina sordidly
white, basal margin and two fasciae weakly cinnabar ; two spots,
one smaller before the first fascia, and the other near the apex,
nigro-fuscous ; femora red ; tibiae blackish." {SuV.)

" Long. 15, lat. 6 milliin/'

" Hah. India Orientalis."'

Butler, from the description, inclined to the view that this
species might belong to tlie genus Phi/matostetJuc. .Since then I
have described, and on the previous page figured, an allied species,
C. maciiillivrayi, and there seems little doubt that the inctilis
of Stfil is a Cosmoscarta.

2310. Cosmoscarta minor, Atkim. J. A. S. B. Ivii, p. 335 (1888).

" Head and thorax metallic bluish-black, shining, the latter
finely impressly punctured ; base and apex of abdomen reddish,
a broad transverse median band brownish-black; tegmina blackish,
with a basal streak triviug off a short subcostal branch and two
transverse bands, one at the base and the other at the apex or
the middle third, red ; wings fuscous-hyaline ; legs brown ; pos-
terior coxse and femora often more or less croceous or reddish."

" A small species allied to the C. decisa, Walk, group."
{Atkinson.)

Length 7; exp. tegm. 21 millim,

" Hah. Sikhim ; Dam Dim (Bhutan Duars)."

2311. Cosmoscarta shillongana, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum dark bluish-black, finely pilose;

Fig. 97. — Cosmoscarta shilloncjana.

apex of scutellum ochraceous ; body above and beneath piceous ;
posterior abdominal segmental margins very pale luteous ; coxae

134 CEllCOPIDJK.

and legs pale ocliraceous : tegmina piceous, finely pilose, a curved
fascia broadest near costa, transverse!}' crossing teginen before
apical area, and a large longitudinal basal costal spot which is
apically a little prolonged inwardly, pale ochraceous ; wings
slightly fuliginous, the veins darker ; head transversely iaipressed
in front of eyes ; pronotum thickly finely punctate, foveately
impressed on each side before anterior margin, obliquely foveate
near each lateral angle, distinctly longitudinally carinate on
anterior half, lateral margins strongly reflexed ; face strongly
transversely striate and narrowly medially interrupted, a little
foveately impressed at base ; mesosternal tubercles subprominent ;
rostrum not quite reaching the intermediate coxae ; posterior tibite
with a moderately strong spine beyond middle ; tegmina a little
more than twice as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 8 ; exp. tegm. 19 millim.

Hah. Shillong {CoU. Atkinson, Brit. litis.).

2312. Cosmoscarta niargheritae, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, and sternum bluish-black ; abdomen
and legs testaceous, tibiae and tarsi darker and more fuscous than
the femora ; tegmina shining fuscous-broun, sanguineous at base,
crossed by two greyish-white transverse fascia?, the first before
and the second beyond middle ; wings very pale fuliginous, the
base and costal margin very narrowly sanguineous ; head trans-
versely impressed before eyes ; face globose, distinctly transversely
striate ; pronotum faintly transversely wrinkled, anterior central
carination obsolete, moderately foveate on each side near anterior
margin, lateral margins reflexed ; mesosternum with two broad
obtuse tubercles ; rostrum not reaching the intermediate coxaj ;
tegmina long and slender, three times as long as broad ; posterior
tibia) with a single spine beyond middle.

Length excl. tegm. S^ ; exp. tegm. 23 millim.

Bab. Assam ; Margherita (Doherti/).

The long and narrow tegmina are a distinctive character of this
species.

2313. Cosmoscarta castanea, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1900, p. 678.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, sternum, and legs pale castaneous ;
abdomen violaceous-brown ; tegmina pale castaneous with two
narrow transverse ochraceous fascia?, the first a little curved about
one-fourth from base, the second more slender and broken about
one-third from apex ; wings pale brownish ; pronotum thickly
and finely punctate, with an obscure central carination, two
foveate impressions near anterior margin, and an elongate im-
pression behind each lateral angle, margins reflexed ; face shortly
and moderately sulcate, moderately transversely striate ; meso-
sternal tubercles short but little prominent : rostrum reaching the
intermediate coxae ; posterior tibia) with a \ery short spine near

COSMOSCAETA. 135

base and a long spine beyond middle ; tegmina less than two and
a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 13 ; exp. tegm. 40 millim.

Hah. Assam ; Naga Hills {Butler, Brit. Mus.).

2314. Cosmoscarta ducens, Walk. (Cercopis) Lixt Horn, iii, p. Gi;o

(1851); Stal, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. l^eo, p. 188; Butl.
(Cosmoscarta) Cist. Ent. i, p. 255 (1874) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B.
liv, p. 8 (1885).

Head, pronotum, and scutellum black ; apex of vertex, lateral
margins of pronotum, and apex of scutellum obscurely piceous-
red ; body beneath piceous ; legs piceous-red ; tegmina black,
crossed by two narrow transverse reddish-ochraceous fascia?, the
first, which is more or less sinuate, at about one-third from base,
the second and straighter fascia before the reticulate apical area ;
wings dark fuliginous ; head transversely incised in front of eyes ;
pronotum thickly and finely punctate, obliquely foveate on each
side before anterior margin, and centrally transversely impressed
near anterior margin, narrowly obliquely foveate near each lateral
angle, lateral margins reflexed ; scutellum foveate at base, cen-
trally transversely wrinkled on apical area ; face obscurely
transversely striate, only narrowly longitudinally medially inter-
rupted ; mesosternal tubercles broad, compressed, subacutely
angulate ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxae ; posterior
tibiae with a strong spine beyond middle ; tegmina a little more
than twice as broad as long.

Length excl. tegm. 16 ; exp. tegm. 30 millim.

Hah. Sylhet {Brit. Mus.). Assam; Margherita {Colh Dist.),
Naga Hills {fide Atlcinson).

2315. Cosmoscarta egens. Walk. (Ceroopis) List Horn. Suppl. p. 171

(1858); Bi/fl (Cosmoscarta) Cist. Ent. i, p. 255 (1874);
Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 8 (1885).

Body black ; scutellum, abdominal segmental and lateral margins.

Fig. 98. — Cosmoscarta egens.

anal appendage, and legs testaceous or sanguineous ; teg-
mina black, a short slender basal longitudinal streak, a broader

1 36 CEECOPiD.i:.

curved fascia at base of clavus, and a transverse fascia before
apical area testaceous or sanguineous ; head transversely impressed
before eyes ; pronotum strougly foveate on each side near anterior
margin, and more slenderly and obliquely so near each lateral
angle, lateral margins strongly reflexed ; mesonotum with two
short but rather acutely pointed tnbercles ; rostrum not quite
reacliiug the intermediate coxaj ; posterior tibia? witb_ a single
rather strong spine beyond middle ; tegmina very thickly and
finely punctate, not quite two and a half times as long as broad.

Vm-. Tegmina without the subapical transverse fascia.

Length excl. tegm. 5 to 8 ; exp. tegm. 27 to 33 millim.

llab. Sikhira (Ind. Mns.). Assam ; Margherita (Dohertt/), Khasi
mWs (ChenneJl), 'Ndga Hills {Dolierty).— W . Chiua ; Omei (CoZ^.
Dist.).

2316. Cosmoscarta elegaiitiila, Bidl. Cist. Ent. \, p. 265 (1874) ;

Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 12 (1885).

Head, pronotum, scutellum, sternum, and legs black ; abdomen
bluish-black; coxse reddish-piceous ; tegmina shining fuscous-brown,

crossed by a testaceous-red

/^^ /^^^^ testaceous-red ; wings very

"i^S^ ^f pale fuliginous with the

Fig. 99. — Cosmoscarta elegantula. veins darker ; head broadly

irregularly impressed be-
tween the eyes ; pronotum punctate and finely transversely
rugulose, moderately foveate on each side before anterior margin,
the lateral margins reflexed ; mesonotum with two broad obtuse
tubercles ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxse ; tegmina long,
slender, but not more than two and a half times as long as broad ;
posterior tibiae with a single long spine beyond middle.

Length excl. tegm. 8 ; exp. tegm. 23 millim.

Hah. Assam ; Margherita and Naga Hills {Doherty).

b. Pronotum hlacl', iviUi a j)cde transverse fascia, or ivith
pale discal sjyots.

2317. Cosmoscarta dimidiata, Z)a//«5(Cercopis),rr.£'. *S'.1850, p.U;

Atkms. J. A. S. B. Iv, p. 195 (1886) : Dist. (Cosmoscarta) Tr.
E. S. 1900, p. 682; Bredd. (part.) Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr.
1903, p. 89.
Cercopis iimlata, Walk. List Horn, iii, p. 659 (1851) ; Stdl, Ofo.
Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1865, p. 148; Biitl. (Cosmoscarta) Cist. Ent.
i, p. 258 (1874) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 10 (1885) ; id. torn,
cit. Ivii, p. .3.''.3 (1888).

COSMOSCARTA. 137

Var. tripunctata, Atkws. J, A. S. B. Ivii, pp. 333 & 334, t. xv,

upper left-hand figure.
Var. affinis, Atkins, torn. cit. pp. 333 & 334.

Head, pi'onotuin, scutelluiu, sternum, aucl legs black : abdomen
bluish-black ; pronotum with a broad transvei'se ochraceous fascia
occupying disk, and nearer to anterior tlian to posterior margin ;
abdomen above with the segmental margins pieeous-brown ;
tegmina black, with the base and two irregularly waved or angu-
lated transverse fascia, the first at about middle, the second
broken and near apical area, sanguineous ; wings pale, subhyaliue,
very slightly fuliginous, the veins fuscous ; head transversely
impressed befoi'e eyes; pronotum very finely punctate, the lateral
margins slightly reflexed ; scutellum transversely striate ; face
with the lateral area sti'iate, the central area smooth ; mesonotum
with two flattened subtriangular tubercles ; rostrum reaching the
intermediate coxa? ; posterior tibijie with a long spine beyond
middle and a short spine near base ; tegmina about two and a
half times as long as broad.

Var. rt. Tegmina with tiie basal pale area and the first trans-
verse pale fascia obliterated, and the second fascia broken into
three spots {tripunctata, Atkins.).

Var. h. " Rufous-testaceous bands at the base and in the middle
reduced to narrow hnes, and the apical band to three somewhat
distant spots arranged in a triangle " {ajffinls, Atkins.).

Length excl. tegm. 11 to 13 ; exp. tegm. 29 to 31 millim.

Hab. '^iWnm {Ind. Mus.). Assam; Khasi Hills (C7im/;f70! ^^%a
Hills {Dohertii), Dibrugarh {fide Atlins.). Dam -Dim, Bhutan
Duars {fide Atkins.), Shillong {Ind. Mus.). — Malay Peninsula;
Perak and Singapore. China (Coll. Dist.).

2318. Cosmoscarta zonaria, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, and body beneath black ; pronotum
with the lateral and posterior margins and a transverse fascia
before middle ochraceous : a lateral spot in front of eyes, face
(excluding base) and the legs testaceous, anterior and inter-
mediate tibiae and tarsi a little darker than the femora ; tegmina
black, crossed by two narrow ti-ansverse ochraceous fasciae, the
first before, the second beyond middle ; wings very slightly
fuliginous ; head transversely impressed in front of eyes ; pro-
notum finely obscurely punctate, centrally finely longitudinally
carinate on anterior half, lateral margins reflexed, slightly foveate
on each side near anterior margin, and narrowly obliquely so near
lateral margins ; mesosternum with two short, broad, compressed
tubei-cles, their apices acute ; tegmina very thickly and finely
punctate, about two and a half times as long as broad; posterior
tibiae with a single spine beyond middle.

Length excl. tegm. 9; exp. tegm. 20 millim.

Hab. Assam ; Niiga Hills {Dohertij).

138 CEB.COPID.'E,

2319. Cosmoscarta thoracica, Disf. Tr. E. S. 1900, p. 680.

Head black ; pronotiini ochraceous, its anterior margin broadly,
the lateral margins narrowly, and a very broad fascia between the
lateral angles, sometimes divided centrally and not quite reaching
the lateral angles, black ; scutelliim ochraceous, black at base ;
abdomen, body beneath, and legs ochraceous ; basal area of face,
lateral margins of presternum, and apex of abdomen black ;
tegmina black, with three transvei'se ochraceous fasci<ie, one at
base, one about one-third from base, and the other before apical
area ; wings pale fuliginous ; pronotum thickly and finely punctate,
with two foveate impressions near anterior margin, and a narrower
elongate impression near each lateral angle, lateral margins strongly
re flexed ; face with a broad central impunctate impression, the
transverse impressions moderate ; mesosternal tubercles com-
pressed, obscure, non-prominent ; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate coxa) ; posterior tibiae with a very short spine near base
and a long spine before middle ; tegmina a little more than twice
as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 9 ; exp, tegm. 18 to 19 millim.

Hah. Trivandruni {Bint. Mus.).

2320. Cosmoscarta taprobanensis, Atkins. J. A. 8. B. Ivii, p. 33;i

(1888) ; Melich. Horn. Fann. Ceylo7i, p. 127, t. iv, f. 1 (^1903).

Vertex of head, pronotum, and sternum black; centre of vertex,
face, lateral margins and a transverse fascia to pronotum, scutellum
and legs testaceous ; abdomen testaceous, beneath with a double
series of black spots on the lateral areas ; tegmina piceous, basal
third and a transverse fascia before apical area testaceous, the
basal third containing a number of piceous spots ; wings sub-
hyaline, the veins darker ; head finely transversely impressed iu

Fig. 100. — Cosmoscarta taprobanensis.

front of eyes ; pronotum punctate and rugulose, centrally longi-
tudinally carinate, irregularly foveate on each side before anterior
margin, lateral margins reflexed : scutellum foveate at base;
pronotum with two compressed tubercles, their apices subacutn ;
rostrum reaching the intermediale coxa); tegmina very thickly
finely punctate, about two and a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 7 to 9 ; exp. tegm. 21 to 23 miUim.

Hah. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya {Green), Karativu, Patipolla {fide
Melichar).

COSMOSCARTA.

139

2321. Cosmoscarta inconspicua, Butl. (Plivmatostetha) Cist. Etit i,

p. 267 (l;?r4); Uist. (Cosmoscarta) "YV. jE. S. 1900, p. 682;
Melich. (Pliymatostetha) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 128, t. iv, f. 3
(190-3).

" Head above and thorax blue-black, rugulose, testaceous
pubesceut ; head below, scutelluni, abdoraen, and legs testaceous;
thorax with lateral anterior margins and two central spots,
fulvous ; scutellum crossed by a black spot, vertex crossed by
regular series of black spots ; pectus black ; tegmina piceous, base
irregularly testaceous, two ixTegular transverse bauds dividiug
them into three equal paints, the inner one interrupted ; wings
slightly fuscescent." {Butler.)

" Length 9 ; exp. tegm. 21 millim."

Hah. Ceylon.

We have not yet received this species. It is allied to C. tapro-
hanensis, from which it differs principally by the spotted pronotum,
and by the absence of the pale black spotted basal area to the
teguiina between the first fascia and base.

c. Pronotum red or hiteous.

2322. Cosmoscarta andamana, i>/,s-^ Tr. E. S. 1878, p. 175 ;

IVaterh. Aid Ident. Ins. i, t. IviiL (1880-82) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B.
liv, p, lo (1885).

Head (including face), pronotum, and scutellum sanguineous ;
sternum and abdomen above and beneath testaceous, disk of pro-
sternum and the legs black ; tegmina black, with the base and a
transverse fascia before apical area but not reaching anterior margin,
sanguineous ; head transversely impressed in front of eyes ; pro-
notum very finely and obscurely punctate, obscurely, centrally,
longitudinally carinate on anterior half, transversely foveate on
each side before anterior margin, the lateral margins refl.exed ;

Fig. 101. — Cosmoscarta andamana,

face somewhat broadly, longitudinally, centrally smooth between
the lateral transverse striations which gives a soinewbat foveate
or sulcate appearance ; mesonotum with two short, broad, com-
pressed tubercles ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxi^ ;
tegmina less than two and a half times as long as broad, posterior
tibiae with a single spine beyond middle.

Length excl. tegm. 9 to y| ; exp. tegm. 24 millim.

140 cEKCopiD.i:.

'Hah. Andaaian Islds. {De Itoepstorff). Nicobar Islcls. (Rogers).
The species A'aries in the length of the subapical sanguineous
fascia to tlie tegraina, sometimes not extending more than half-
\\"ay across tegnieu.

2323. Cosmoscarta inclusa, IJ'a/k. (Cercopis'i List Horn, iii, p. 658
(1851) ; mi, Ofi. Vet.- Ah. Fdr/i. 1805, p. 147 ; ButL (Cosmo-
scarta) Cist. But. i, p. 2(35 (1874); Melidi. Horn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 125, t. iv, f. 5 (1903).

Head (including face) and pronotum testaceous-red ; sternum,
scutellum, and abdomen above and beneath black ; legs piceous ;
tegmina piceous-black, M'ith a transverse fascia before middle,
connected with the base along costal and clavai margins, sangui-
neous ; wings fuliginous with about basal lialf sanguineous ; head
somewhat faintly impressed before eyes ; pronotum very finely
punctate, obscurely transversely wrinkled, centrally longitudinally
sulcate on anterior half, transversely foveate on each side before
anterior margin, lateral margins reflexed ; face transversely striate,
the striations only se^^arated by a narrow longitudinal smooth
median area ; mesonotal tubercles somewhat conical : posterior
tibiae with a single strong spine beyond middle ; tegmina very
thickly and finely punctate, not quite two and a half times longer
than broad.

Length escl. tegin. 14i to 15 ; exp. tegm. 35 millim.

Hah. Ceylon; Ivandy {Green), Madagoda, Balangoda, Gama-
duwa, Nalanda, Matala, Anuradhapura {fide Melicliar).

2324. Cosmoscarta greeni, Atlcins. J. A. S. B. Ivii, p. 334 (1888) ;
Mdtch. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 126, t. iv, f. 2 (1903).

" Head and eyes deep black, the head yellow-pilose ; ocelli
yellowish with red reflections ; pronotum sordid orange-yellow,
pilose, with two small impressions near the anterior margin,
darker ; metanotum black, margined ochreous ; tegmina black,
basal fourth ot the posterior margin, basal third of the costal
margin, and therefrom a transverse band proceeding somewhat
obliquely towards the posterior streak and almost meeting it, also
three spots arranged in a triangle in the apical third, and of which
the eordiform apical is largest, red ; wings semihyaline, basal third
reddish-orange, rest fuscous ; abdomen above black, with a narrow
transverse basal band reddish- ochreous ; pectus, venter, and legs
black; venter with a reddish-ochreous band towards the base;
last tibiae sometimes sordid yellow." {Atkinson^

Length 10 : exp. tegm. 26 millim.

Hah. Ceylon; Puudaluoya (Cr're^'/t)-

I have not received this species.

cosmoscahta. 141

2325. Cosmoscarta samudra, sp. n.

Head (including face) black, eyes yellowish ; pronotmn testa-
ceous-red, with a transverse black patch on anterior area behind
eyes ; scutellum testaceous with the apical area piceous ; body
beneath black, lateral marginal areas of prosternum testaceous-red ;
legs piceous-brown ; abdomen above pale ochraceous, its apex
piceous ; tegmina black, the base, a transverse fascia near middle,
and one beyond middle which centrally branches out into the apical
area, sanguineous ; wings hyaline, the base narrowly pale reddish ;
head transversely impressed before eyes ; pronotuin finely punc-
tate and urinlded, the lateral margins finely reflexed ; face
centrally, longitudinally, broadly flattened and smooth, the lateral
areas finely striate ; mesosternal tubercles subprominent ; rostrum
reaching the intermediate coxae ; posterior tibiae with a short spine
near base and a long spine beyond middle ; tegmina about two and
a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 12; exp. tegm. 31 millim.

Hah. Burma {Coll. Dist.).

2326. Cosmoscarta nycteis, Jacobi, Mt. Mus. Berlin, m, p. 14, t. i,

f. 11 (lyoo).

Head black ; pronotum dull sanguineous ; a transverse patch
on anterior area of pronotum behind eyes and the scutellum black ;
abdomen above, and body beneath and legs piceous, lateral margins
of prosternum sanguineous ; tegmina sanguineous, the apical area
and a waved transverse fascia before it fuscous ; wings pale
fuliginous, the base, costal margin, and anal area narrowly, palely
sanguineous ; head transversely incised between front of eyes ;
pronotum thickly, finely punctate, obliquely transversely foveate
on each side in the black anterior marginal patch, slightly obliquely
foveate on each side near lateral angles, centrally longitudinally
carinate on anterior half, centrally transversely nnpressed near
anterior margin behhid the ocelli, lateral margins reflexed ; face
transversely striate, broadly, smoothly, longitudinally, mediallv
interrupted ; mesosternal tubercles compressed, moderately pro-
minent ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxa3 ; posterior tibiae
with a short spine near base and a strong spine a little beyond
middle ; tegmina a little more than twice as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 12 to 1-t : exp. tegm. 32 to 38 miilim.

Hah. Assam {Berlin and Brit. 3Iuss.).

2327. Cosmoscarta nigrofasciata, Atkins. J. A. S. B. Ivii, p. ;j;j.J,

t. XV, lower left-haud figure (1888j.

" Orange-yellow ; two transverse bands on each tegmen, the one
before the other in the middle, black ; apex of tegmina finely
reticulated blackish ; pectus (except the lateral margins) and a

142 CERCOPIDA'.

fine margin of the base of the segments of the abdomen above and

beneath, black ; feet yellow-ochreous ; wings fuscous-hyaline."

(At/iinson .)

Mesosternal tubercles broad, much compressed but prominently

raised ; rostrum not quite reaching the intermediate coxae ; tegmiua

two and a half times as long as broad.
"Long. 15; exp. tegm. 39 millim."
Hab. Sikhim ; Mungphu {Athins. Coll., Brit. Has.).

2328. Cosmoscarta pallida, IValk. (Cercopis) Lisf Horn, iii, p. 6-57

(1851) ; Bud. (Cosmoscarta) Cist. Ent. i, p. 265 (1874) ; Atkms.
J.A. S. B.Wv,^. 12 {imo).
Cercopis ferruginea, Walk. List Horn, iii, p. 660 (18-51).

Luteous ; head either wholly luteous above or (excluding
vertex) piceous ; abdomen above and disk of mesosternum black ;
abdominal apex luteous ; tegmina luteous, a marginal streak at
base of clavus and a transverse fascia before apical area ochraceous,
the ochraceous subapical fascia is sometimes broken into t^^'0 spots ;
wings pale fuliginous, the base and costal margin very narrouly
sanguineous; head transversely impressed ia front of eyes ; pro-
notum thickly finely punctate, obscurely transversely wrinkled,
finely, centrally, longitudinally carinate on anterior half, trans-
versely foveate on each side before anterior mai'gin, lateral margins
reflexed ; face finely transversely striate, mesosternum with two
prominent conical black tubercles ; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate COX36 ; posterior tibiae with a strong spine beyond middle ;
tegmina two and a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 9 to 9| ; exp. tegm. 29 to 32 millim.

Hah. Assam ; Naga Hills (DoJierty).

2329. Cosmoscarta naiteara. Did. Tr. E. S. 1900, p. G68, t. ix, f. 1.

Head (including face), pronotum, scutellum, anterior femora,
and bases of anterior and posterior tibiae ochraceous ; two small
spots at base of head and inner margins of eyes, two rounded
spots on anterior area of pronotum, apical area of scutellum
(sometimes its whole surface), body and legs bluish-black ; lateral
margins of sternum ochraceous ; tegmina piceous, the basal third
ochraceous with the veins and a transverse spot on discoidal area
piceous, a broken inwardly-directed macular ochraceous fascia at
about one-third from apex ; wings smoky hyaline ; head trans-
vei'sely impressed in front of eyes ; pronotum finely and obscurely
wrinkled and punctate, longitudinally centrally carinate on an-
terior half, modera,tely foveate on each side befoi-e anterior margin,
the foveations piceous or black, obliquely foveate near each lateral
angle, the lateral margins refiexed ; scutellum foveate at base,
transversely wrinkled on lateral and apical areas ; face globose
and strongly wrinkled on apical area, medially, smoothly, narrowly,
longitudinally impressed ; mesosternal tubercles compressed, onty
moderately prominent ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxae ;

COSMOSCABTA. 143

tegmina about two and a half times longer than broad ; posterior
tibiae with a short spine near base and a long spine beyond middle.

Var. a. Tegmina with the basal ochraceous area only indicated
by outer spots.

Var. h. Tegmina nearly wholly ochraceous, only apical fourth
and two or three discal spots piceous.

L'^ngth excl. tegm. 15 to 17; exp. tegm. 40 to 48 milliin.

Hab. Utakamand (Atkins. Coll., Brit. Mus.). Malabar (CoZZ.
Dist.).

2330. Cosmoscarta relata, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1900, p. 669.

Head (including face), pronotum and lateral margins of pro-
sternum dull ochraceous ; two duplex spots near anterior margin
of pronotum, scutellum, abdomen, body beneath, and legs dark
indigo-blue ; anterior legs (excluding femoral bases) and the
intermediate tibise brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina black, a broken
claval basal fascia connected with a much angulated transverse
fascia crossing tegmen before middle, a basal costal fascia, a discal
spot a little beyond base, and an angulated transverse fascia
before apical area, not reaching costal margin, reddish-ochra-
ceous ; wings fuliginous, strongly sanguineous at base and costal
area ; pronotum finely wrinkled and punctate ; lateral margins
reflexed; face narrowly centrally sulcate, strongly latei'ally trans-
versely striate ; posterior tibiae with a strong spine beyond
middle ; mesosternal tubercles broad, much compressed ; I'ostrum
about reaching intermediate coxae ; tegmina less than two and a
half times longer than broad.

Length excl. tegm. 15 ; exp. tegm. 40 millim.

Hah. Karwar (Atkins. Coll., Brit. Mus.). Central India,
Bargur. Mysore; Hassan (Lef ray).

B. Tegmina not transversely fasciated, apical area black, basal area
generally more or Jess spotted.

a. Pronotum black, the margins red or ochraceous.

2331. Cosmoscarta raja, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1900, p. 675.

Fig. 102. — Cosmoscarta, raja.
Head (including face) and pronotum bluish-black, Literal margins

] 44 CERCOPIB.E.

of the pronotiim I'eddish-ochraceous ; scutelliim and abdomen above
sanguineous ; body beneath and legs pale sanguineous ; anterior
and intermediate tarsi piceous ; tegmina sanguineous ; apical area
and six spots piceous, of the spots three oblique and narrower are
near base, followed by a discal irregulai-ly rounded spot, an outer
oblique spot from costa, and a larger spot connected -with the inner
margin ; wiugs very pale fuliginous, the base and costal margin
very narrowly sanguineous ; head transversely impressed before
eyes ; pronotum finely punctate, the lateral margins reflexed,
obliquely foveate on each side before anterior margin ; face
strongly transversely impressed ; mesosternal tubercles com-
l)ressed, subprominent, rostrum reaching the intermediate coxa> ;
posterior tibi?e with a single spine beyond middle ; tegmina about
two and a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegra. 9 to 10 ; exp. tegm. 22 millim.

Hah. Assam ; Slargherita (Doherty).

2332. Cosmoscarta rotundata, TJ^dk. (CercDpis) List Ham. Supj)!.
p. 174 (ISoS) ; StSI, Ofv. Vet.-Ah. Forh. 1865, p. 149 ; Biitl.
(Cosmoscarta) Cist. Ent. 1, p. 260 (1874).

Head black, vertex and face testaceous-red ; pronotum black,
the lateral nnd posterior margins narrowly testaceous-red ;
abdomen above, body beneath, and legs testaceous-red; sternum
(excluding pi'osternal lateral margins) and a double lateral series
of spots to abdomen beneath, piceous ; tegmina reddish-ochra-
ceous, tlie apical area and six spots black, of these spots one
transverse is in costal area near base, two beneath it, two in
claval area, and the largest a little before apical area, curved,
commencing near costa and terminating just before inner claval
margin ; wings pale fuliginous, the base ver}" slightly and narrowly
pale sanguineous ; head finely transversely impressed before eyes ;
]n-onotum finely punctate, transversely impressed ou each side
Ijefore anterior margin, very finely centrally carinate on anterior
half, obliquely foveate near each lateral angle ; mesosternal
tubercles compressed, moderately subacutely prominent ; rostrum
reaching the intermediate coxae ; posterior femora with a long
spine beyond middle ; tegmina broad, little more than twice as
long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 11 ; exp. tegm. 34 millim.

Hah. iSylhet {CoU. Z'^,s^).--Siam {Brit. Mas.).

2333. Cosmoscarta piitamara, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1900, p. 680.

Head, pi'onotum, and scutellum olivaceous-black; lateral and
posterior margins of pronotum, lateral margins and apex of
scutellum, abdomen, body beneath, and legs reddish-ochraceous ;
tegmina reddish-ochraceous, a discal spot at about one-third from
base and the apical area black ; wings pale fuliginous : head

COSMOSCATITA.

145

transversely impressed in front of eyes ; pronotum somewhat
coarsely and thickly punctate, with two foveate impressions near
anterior margin and a more elongate impression near each lateral
angle, lateral margins reflexed ; lateral areas of face transversely
striate, but the disk broadly longitudinally smooth ; mesosternal
tubercles compressed, subprominent ; rostrum not quite reaching
intermediate coxa) ; posterior tibise with a single spine beyond
middle ; tegmina not quite two and a half times as long as
broad.

Length excl. tegm. 10; exp. tegm, 23 millim.

Hah. Malabar {Coll. Dist.).

b. Pronotum ochraceovft.

2331. Cosmoscarta tennanti, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1900, p. 674 ; Mdich
Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 128 (1903).

Head (including face), pronotum, scutellnm, and lateral margins
of pronotum ochraceous ; abdomen above and beneath and sternum
bluish-black ; legs and apex of abdomen castaneous ; tegmina with
about basal third ochraceous, remaining area bluish-back, piceous
towards apex, at about centre of the blackish area are two
ochraceous spots, one above the other, the uppermost larger and
prominently notched ; head transversely impressed in front of
eyes ; pronotum very finely and obscurely punctate, prominently

Fig. 103. — Conmoscmia tennanti.

longitudinally carinate on anterior half, obliquely foveate on each
side near anterior margin, less and more obscurely so near each
lateral angle, lateral margins I'eflexed ; face transversely striate,
somewhat narrowly longitudinalh broken on disk ; mesosternal
tubercles compressed, subprominent ; rostrum not quite reacliing
intermediate coxte ; posterior tibiae with a single spine beyond
middle ; tegmina two and a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 11 ; exp. tegm. 28 millim.

Hah. Ceylon {Coll. Dist.).

VOL. IV.

146 CEECopiD.i:.

c. Pronoium red or lufeous, more or less sjiotted with hlac^c.

2335. Cosmoscarla flora, sp. n.

Head (including face) testaceous-red ; pronotum ochraceous,
with a transverse central black fascia at anterior margin behind
head ; scutellum testaceous-red ; abdomen above and beneath
purplish-red; stei'uum ochraceous with the disk piceous ; legs
ochraceous or palety testaceous ; tegmina ochraceous, the apical
area and four spots black, of these spots one is subbasal beneath
radial area, the other three in a curved discal transverse series ;
wings Aery pale fuliginous ; head transversely impressed in front
of eyes ; pronotum very thickly and finely punctate, the lateral
margins reflexed ; face finely, laterally, transversely striate,
centrally, longitudinally, smoothly interrupted ; mesosternal
tubercles compressed, not prominent; rostrum not reaching the
intermediate coxae ; tegmina about two and a half times as long as
broad.

Length excl. tegm. 11; exp. tegm. 25 millim.

Hah. Himalayas {Coll. Dist.).

2336, CosmOSCarta dorsalis, WcM. (Cercopis) List Horn, iii, p. 658
(1851) ; Butl. (Cosmoscarta) Cist. Ent. i, p. I'GO (1874) :
Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p, 11 (1885)._
Cercopis connexa, Walk. List Hoin. iii, p. 663 (1851).
Cercopis ramosa, Walk. Ins. Saiind., Horn. p. 85 (1858).

Head with the vertex piceous, the lateral areas sanguineous :
pronotum piceous, the lateral margins and the disk sanguineous ;
sternum piceous ; legs and abdomen testaceous-red ; tegmina
sanguineous, apical area and seven rounded spots — one at base,
and three each in two curved transverse series, black, the black
apical area is inwai'dly indented ; wings hyaline, fuliginous
on apical area ; head transversely impressed before eyes ; pro-
notum thickly finely punctate, obliquely foveate on each side
before anterior margin, centrally longitudinally carinate to
anterior half, lateral margins reflexed; mesosternal tubercles
compressed, subprominent ; I'ostrum about reaching intermediate
coxae ; posterior tibiae with a short spine at base and a strong
spine beyond middle ; tegmina about two and a half times as long
as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 9 to 13; exp. tegm. 20 to 31 millim.

Hah. Kaugra Valley {Dudgeon). Sikhim {Indian Mus.). Assam ;
Khasi Hills {Ohennell).

This species is variable in character ; in some specimens the
pronotum is testaceous-red with two transverse black spots near
anterior margin, in others there are only six spots to tegmina, the
basal one being obliterated.

COSMOSC.VETA.

147

2337. Cosmoscarta bispecularis, White (Cercopis), A. M. N. H. xiv,

p. 426 (1844) ; Stdl, Stetf. ent. Zeit. xxii, p. lo3 (1861) ; Bull.
(Cosmoscarta) Cist. Ent. i, p. 259 (1874) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B.
liv, p. 10 (1885).

Body beueath and legs testaeeous-red ; four black spots to
pronotum, two smaller near anterior margin, and two very much
larger and inwardly oblique on disk; sternum and a quadruple
series of large spots to abdomen beneath, black ; lateral margins
of prosternum testaceous-red ; tegmina pale testaceous-red, the
apical area, six large rounded spots arranged in two transverse
series and a longitudinal spot at base, black ; wings pale fuli-
ginous, the basal area narrowly sanguineous ; head transversely
impressed befoi'e eyes ; pronotum thickly finely punctate, foveately
impressed on each side near anterior margin, obliquely foveate
near each lateral angle, centrally longitudinally carinate for almost
its entire length, lateral margins reflexed ; face transversely
striate, narrowly, medially, longitudinally interrupted ; meso-
sternal tubercles broad, compressed, subprominent ; rostrum
reaching the intermediate coxae ; posterior tibiae with a short spine
near base and a strong spiue beyond middle ; tegmina a little
more than twice as long as broad.

Length escl. tegm. 11 ; exp. tegm. 24 to 25 millim.

Hah. " N. India " {Brit. Mus.). Assam (Ailins. Coll.).— Malay
Peninsula.

C. Tegmina not transversdy fasciated, apical area ochraceons,

basal area spotted.

2388. Cosmoscarta dorsimacula, Walk. (Cercopis) List Horn, iii,
p. 658 (1851) ; Bufl. (Cosmoscarta) Cist. Ent, \, p. 259 (1874) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 11 (1885).
Cercopis quadriruaculata, Walk. List Horn, iii, p. 661 (1851).

Body and legs testaceous-red ; four spots to pronotum, the

Fig. 104. — Cosmoscarta dorsimacula.

smaller near anterior margin, the larger discal, metanotum, base
of abdomen above, sternum (excluding lateral margins of pro-
sternum), and a double longitudinal series of spots on each side of

l2

148 CERCOPID^.

abdomen beneath, black ; tegmina testaceous-red, the apical area
ocliraceous, seven large black spots, six in two irregular transverse
series, the seventh subapical and subcostal ; wings pale bronz}' ;
head transversely impressed before eyes ; pronotum thickly, finely,
obscurely punctate, two foveate impressions near anterior margin
at the location of the two smaller black spots and an oblique
foveation in each of the larger black spots ; a fine central longi-
tudinal carination on anterior lialf, the lateral margins reflexed ;
face transversely striate on each lateral area ; mesosternal tubercles
transverse, compressed, subprominent ; rostrum about reaching
the intermediate coxae ; posterior tibiae with a short spine near
base and a strong spine beyond middle ; tegmina about twice as
long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 13 to 15 ; exp. tegm. 36 to 38 millim.

Hah. Kaugra Valley {Dudgeon). Mussooree {Mackinnon') .
Sikhim ; Darjiliug, Kurseong {Annandah). Assam ; Naga Hills
{Dohertij).

2339. Cosmoscarta fictilis, Butl. Cist. Ent. i, p. 259 (1874); Atkins.

J. A.S.B.\\x,^.l\{\%m.

Butler thus describes this species : — " Closely allied to C. dorsi-
macula, but differs in its usually smaller size, narrower thorax,
duller and more uniform colouring and much smaller and more
regularly uniform black spots."

The colour of the tegmina and body is ochraceous, not testaceous-
red ; the seventh subapical black spot to tegmina is frequently
obliterated and so also are sometimes the two posterior spots to
the pronotum. It is of doubtful specific value and may prove
to be but a colour variety of C. dorsimacula.

Length excl. tegm. 11 to 12 ; exp. tegm. 32 millim.

Hcd). Assam ; Khasi Hills (Chennell), Naga Hills (Dolierti/). —
Peuang (B)it. Mus.).

2340. Cosmoscarta septempiinctata, Walk. (Cercopis) List Horn, iii,

p. G.59(1851).
Cosmoscarta bifasciata, Butl. (part.) Cist. E7it. \, p. 259 (1874).
Cercopis fulva, Walk. List Horn, iii, p. 663 (1851).

Body and legs testaceous-red : mesosternal tubercles, a double
series of large spots on each side of abdomen beneath and some-
times two small spots near anterior margin of pronotum, black ;
tegmina testaceous-red, the apical area ochraceous, with six spots
arranged in two irregular transverse series, sometimes with a
seventh subapical and subcostal spot, black ; wings pale fuliginous ;
head transversely impressed in front of eyes ; pronotum thicklv,
finely and obscurely punctate, transversely foveate on each side
behind anterior margin and longitudinally so near each lateral
angle, centrally longitudinally carinate on anterior half, lateral
margins moderately reflexed ; mesosternal tubercles broad, com-
pressed, subprominent ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxa ;

cos:\roscAETA. 149

apices of tibiae and tarsi black ; posterioi* tibiae with a short spine
near base and a strong spine bej^ond middle ; togmina about two
and a halt" times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 10 to 11 ; exp. 28 to 31 millim.

Hah. Sikhim ; fSookna, Tindharia, Rungtoiig, Soradrigal {Indian
Mus.) ; Dam Dim {Indian Mus.). Assam ; Shillong, Margherita.
Burma : Bhamo {Fea), Momeit, Euby Mines {Dolierty).

2341. Cosmoscarta inenaca, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1900, p. G77.

Co.smu.scarta octopunctata, Atkins, {nee Amy. l^- Serv.) J. A. S. B.
\\'\i, p. oSl, t. XV, lower right-liaud %ure (1888).

Ochraceous ; metanotum, fourth and fifth abdominal segments
above and sometimes the base of the third, sternum and basal
areas of the abdominal segments beneath, black ; lateral margins
of the prosteruum ochraceous ; legs ochraceous, intermediate and
posterior femora more or less black ; tegmina ochraceous with five
black spots, two in clavus and three discal, sometimes with a sixth
subapical and subcostal, or again \\\t\\ only one in claval area ;
wings very pale bronzy ; head transversely impressed before eyes ;
pronotum dilated on each side, the lateral angles rounded, very
finely and obscurely pilose and punctate, the lateral margins
broadly refiexed, centrally longitudinally cariuate on anterior half,
transversely, subtriangularly foveate on each side before anterior
margin ; mesosternal tubercles conically prominent ; rostrum
reacliing the intermediate coxae ; posterior tibiae with a short
spine near base and a more robust spine beyond middle ; tegmina
about three times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 15 to 17 ; exp. tegm. 40 to 44 millim.

Hab. Assam ; Khasi Hills (Chennell). — Binding Isld. Borneo.

This species is allied to the Javan C. octopunctata, Amy. & Serv.,
and is at once separated from the three preceding species by the
dilated pronotum.

D. Tegmina black, spotted with ochraceous.

2342. Cosmoscarta trimacula, Walk. (Monecphora) List Ham. ill,
p. 682 (1851) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 113 (1885); Dist.
(Cosmoscarta) Tr. E. S. 1900, p. 683.

Head, pronotum and scutellum shining black ; abdomen above
and body beneath piceous ; legs brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina
black with three greyish-wliite or ochraceous spots arranged in
longitudinal series, one at extreme base, another before middle
and the third immediately before the apical reticulate area ; wings
sordidly greyish, the veins fuscous ; head transversely incised in
front of eyes ; pronotum thickly finely punctate, transversely
foveate on each side before anterior margin, obliquely foveate
near each lateral angle, lateral margins strongly refiexed ; scutellum
foveate near base ; face transversely striate, the disk broadly

150

CERCOPlDiE.

longitudinally smooth and slightly depressed ; mesosternal
tubercles subprominent ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxae ;
body beneath finely pilose ; posterior tibise with a strong spine
beyond middle ; tegmina about two and a half times as long as
broad.

Length excl. tegm. 7 ; exp. tegm. 17 to 18 millim.

Hah. Bombay (Leith ^f Dixon).

A small and very distinctly marked species.

E. Tegmina blacl- or piceous, only more or less spotted near base.

2313. Cosmoscarta tricolor, St. Farq. ^- Serv. (Cercopis) Enc. Meth.
X, p. G04 (1825) ; But!. (Cosmoscarta) Cist. Ent. i, p. 245 (1874) ;
Dist. J. A. S. B. xlviii (2) p. 40, t. xi, f. 5 (1879) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. B. liv, p. 6 (1885).

Var. Head (including face) and body above testaceous-red ;
some small spots on each side of pronotum near anterior margin,
lateral fasciae to the abdomen above and base of scutellum
black ; body beneatli black ; lateral margins of prosteruum, legs
and margins of abdominal segments testaceous-red ; intermediate
and posterior femora (excluding apices) black ; tegmina black,
Avith base of clavus and four spots in irregular transverse series a
little beyond base, sanguineous ; wings fuliginous, extreme base

Fig. 105. — Cosmoscarta tricolor.

var.

sanguineous, and with two pale greyish longitudinal lines in radial
area ; head transversely impressed in front of eyes ; pronotum
finely wrinkled and punctate, longitudinally carinate on anterior
half, lateral margins broadly reflexed ; face transversely striate on
lateral areas, centrally, broadly, longitudinally smooth ; meso-
sternal tubercles broad, compressed, subcouically acute ; posterior
tibiae with a strong spine beyond middle ; tegnn'ua rather more
than two and a half times as long as broad.

Differs from the typical form of 0. tricolor in haviiag the basal
spots to the tegmina sanguineous, rather than stramineous or
ocliraceous, and in the more testaceous colour of the pronotum.

Length excl. tegm. 19 to 20 ; exp. tegm. 45 to 48 millim.

COSMOSCABTA. 151

Hah. T(masserim ; Moolai {Limborfj), Myitta {Dohcrty). —
►Sumatra ; Java ; Borneo.

The specimens from Tenasserim represent the varietal form
{supra) ; those from the Malayan Islands are typicaL

2344. Cosmoscarta basinotata, Bull. Cist. Ent. \, p. 245 (1874).

This is a closely allied species to C, tricolor, and principally
differs in the follouiug characters : — The abdomen above is black,
with the segmental margins testaceous-red and a central longi-
tudinal series of small testaceous-red segmental spots, the apical
segment is ochraceous ; the tegmiua are spotted as in C. tricolor,
but the spots are ochraceous ; the tegmina are a little narrower
aud more apically pointed.

It is questionable whether this may not prove to be another
varietal form of G. tricolor, \\ith which, as Butler writes, it was
formerly associated in the National Museum ; however, I possess
a long series of both and the markings are at least constant.

Length excl. tegm. 21 ; exp. tegin. 47 millim.

Hah. Tavoy {Brit. Mns.). — Malay Peninsula ; Borneo.

2345. Cosmoscarta siamensis, Butl. Cid. Ent. i, p. 245, t. viii, f. 1

(1874) ; Atkim. J. A. S. B. Iv, p. 193 (188Ci).

Head (including face), pronotum and scutellum luteous; abdomen
above, body beneath and legs black ; lateral margins of pro-
sternuin luteous ; tegmina black, base of costal area connected
with a transverse basal spot sanguineous ; wings dark fuliginous ;
head transversely impressed in front of eyes ; pronotum thickly
finely punctate, foveate on each side before anterior margin,
longitudinally so near each lateral angle, finely longitudinally
carinate on anterior half, lateral and posterior margins reflexed ;
face transversely striate, the striations only interrupted by a
central longitudinal narrow smooth space ; mesosternal tubercles
soinewliat conically prominent ; rostrum reaching the intermediate
coxae ; posterior tibite with a strong spine beyond middle ; tegmina
about two and a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 11 to 18; exp. tegm. 34 to 42 millim.

Hah. Andaman Islands {de Roejjsiorff). — Cambodia, Laos
{Brit. Mus.).

I possess four specimens of this species from the Andaman
Islands. The specimens on which Butler founded the species were
collected in Cambodia and Laos by Henri Mouhot.

2346. Cosmoscarta prouotalis, sp. u.

Body above and beneath black ; legs piceous ; pronotuui with a
large, sanguineous, central undulating fascia which occupies the
lateral areas and forms two discal sub-obconical spots ; lateral
margins of presternum sanguineous ; tegmina black, bases of

152 CERCOPIDiE.

costal and claval areas sauguineous ; wings very pale fuliginous,
extreme base and bases of costal and anal areas pale saugineous ;
head transversely impressed in front of eyes ; pronotuin finely
punctate and slightly wrinkled, foveately impressed on each side
behind eyes and obliquely foveate near each lateral angle,
centrally longitudinally carinate on anterior half ; seutellum
broadly depressed at base, remaining area transversely wrinkled ;
raesosternal tubercles subprominent ; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate coxae ; face transversely striate, somewhat broadly,
medially, longitudinally interru])ted ; posterior tibiae ^vith a short
spine at base and a strong spine beyond middle ; tegmina two and
a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 11 ; exp. tegm. 33 millim.

Hah. Assam {Atlinson Coll., Brit. Mus.).

'2347. Cosmoscarta fulviceps, Ball. (Cercopis), Tr. E. S. 1850,
p. 10 ; Dist. (Cosmoscarta) Tr. E. S. 1900, p. 682.
Cercopis nigripennis, Walk, (nee Fabr.) List Horn, iii, p. 653

Cosmoscarta niegamera, Butl. Cist. Ent. i, p. 246, t. viii, f. 3
(1874) ; Atldjis. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 7 (1885).

Head (including face) and pronotum luteous ; seutellum piceous ;
abdomen above and body beneath bluish-black ; legs piceous ;
lateral margins of presternum luteous ; tegmina black, with a short
sanguineous basal streak to clavus ; wings fuliginous, base and
costal area very narrowly sanguineous ; head transversely
impressed in front of eyes; pronotum thickly and very finely
punctate, with three transverse foveations before anterior margin,
one central, the others behind it on each side, more obscurely
obliquely foveate near each lateral angle, lateral and posterior
margins reflexed ; face transversely striate, the striations only
interrupted by a smooth medial longitudinal line; mesosternal
tubercles compressed, moderately angularly prominent, posterior
tibiae with t' short spine near base and a long spine beyond middle ;
tegmina about two and a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 14 to 16 ; exp. tegm. 38 to 44 millim.

Hah. «ikhim ; Darjiling {Coll. Bist.); Bhutan (Brit. Mus.).
Assam ; Shillong (Indian Mus.), Margherita and Nfiga Hills
(Dohertij), Khiisi Hills {GhenneM). Burma ; Bhamo {Fea) ; Upper
Tenasserim (Limhorg). — Malay Peninsula ; Siam ; Hong Kong.

2348. Cosmoscarta moorei, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1878, p. 321 ; Atkins.
J. A. S. B. liv, p. 7 (1885).

Black, shining, irregularly pilose ; tegmina thickly and finely
punctate with the base, hotli above and heloiv, carmine-red, this
coloration consists of a narrow straight subcostal streak of about
3 millim. in length and a broader claval streak of about the same
length, gradually rounded and narrowed at its terminaton ; wings
fuscous, costal edge for about half the length narrowly tinged

COSMOSCAETA. 153

witli carmine ; face trausversely striate with a distiuct central
longitudinal impression ; ejes luteous ; pronotum with a central
longitudinal earination on its anterior half ; posterior margins of
scutellum, metanotum and abdominal segments, apex and lateral
margins of abdomen, carmine ; anterior legs dull retidish ; posterior
tibiae armed with a strong spine beyond middle ; intermediate legs
piceous ; mesosternum with two very large, thick, conical teeth.

Length excl. tegm. 13 ; exp. tegm. 35 millim.

Hab. Sikhim.

The above description refers to a single specimen in the
collection of the late Frederic Moore.

F. Te(jmina black or piceous ; greater part of costal area luteous.

2340. Cosmoscarta fuscipennis, St. Fary. i^- 6'erv. (C'ercopis) Ene.
3Ictli. X, p. 60-") (l^i'o) : /8Yf?/(C\ismoscarta), Hcm.Fabr. ii, p. 11
{ISm); Bvtl. Cist. Ent. l p. 240 (1874); Atkins. J. A. S. B.
liv, p. 7 (1885).

Cercopis plana, Walk. List Horn, iii, p. 653 (1851).

Cosmoscarta lurida, Atkins. J. A. S. B. Ivii, p. 335 (1888).

Head (including face), pronotum, legs and lateral margins of
pronotum luteous ; scutellum and abdomen above purplish-black ;
body beneath and posterior femora piceous ; tegmina black, basal
two-thirds of costal area luteous, sometimes base and claval area
more faintly of the same colour ; wings fuliginous with the veins
piceous ; heafl faintly transversely impressed in front of eyes ;
pronotum thickly finely punctate, three moderate transverse
foveations before anterior margin, one central, the other two
behiud it on each side and each of the latter containing one or
two small black spots, lateral and posterior margins reflexed ;
mesosternal tubercles compressed and broadly acute ; rostrum
reaching the intermediate coxse ; posterior tibiae with a long spine
beyond middle ; tegmina less than two and a half times as long
as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 12 to 14 ; exp. tegm. 31 to 40 millim.

Hab. Malabar (fide Atkinson). — Malay Peninsula and some
islands of the Malayan Archipelago.

G. Tegmina uniforinhj tawny or testaceous.

2350. Cosmoscarta leonina, sp. u.

Head (including face) and pronotum ochraceous ; abdomen above
and beneath violaceous-black ; scutellum, mesonotum, sternum
and legs castaneous ; lateral margins of prosternum ochraceous ;
tegmina tawny-brown, slightly ochraceous at base of clavus ; wings
pale fuliginous, basal area narrowly fuscous ; head transversely
impressed at front of eyes; pronotum thickly finely punctate,
foveately impressed on each side near anterior margin, obliquely
foveate near each lateral angle, slightly longitudinally carinate on

154 CERCOPID*:.

anterior luilf, lateral margins strongly retiexed ; scutellum trans-
versely M rinkled, foveate at base ; face transversely striate,
narrowly, longitudinally, medially interrupted ; rostrum reaching
the intermediate coxoe ; mesosternal tubercles obtusely prominent ;
posterior tibia3 with a prominent spine beyond middle ; tegmina
about two and a half times as long as broad ; legs somewhat
lougly pilose.

Length excl. tegm. IG; exp. tegm. 45 millim.

Hah. Upper Burma ; Mayinyo (Bingham, Brit. Miis.).

2351. Cosmoscarta affinis, Atkins. (Callitettix) J. A. S. B. lvii,p. 3-36
(1888) ; Dist. (Cosmoscarta) Tr. E. S. 1900, p. 683.

Body black ; lateral and posterior margins of pronotum,
scutellum, posterior area of face, anal segment of abdomen and
the legs testaceous-red ; tegmina pale testaceous, the apical
margin black ; wings very pale fuliginous ; head transversely
impressed before eyes ; pronotum rugulosely punctate, centrally
longitudinally carinate throughout its entire length, foveate on
each side before anterior margin and centrally transversely
impressed near anterior margin, the lateral margins reflexed :
scutellum strongly foveate on basal area; face transversely
striate, centrally broadly longitudinally smooth and slightly
depressed ; mesosternal tubercles compressed, broadly subacute ;
rostrum reaching the intermediate coxge ; posterior tibiae with a
slender spine beyond middle ; tegmina a little more than twice
as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 8| ; exp. tegm. 22 to 23 millim.

Hah. Ceylon; Puudaluoya (6r»-<?e»)'

H. Tegmina uniformly black or piceous.

2352. Cosmoscarta funeralis, Butl. Cist. Ent. i, p. 247, t. viii,f. 4
(1874) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 7 (1885) ; Brecld. Deutsche
ent. Zeitschr. 1903, p. 80.

Head (including face) and pronotum dark castaneous ; scutellum
and metanotum piceous ; abdomen above pale sanguineous ; body
beneath and legs pale testaceous, abdominal segments transversely
banded and laterally spotted with black, apices of femora some-
times piceous ; tegmina piceous or black ; wings fuliginous ; head
transversely impressed in front of eyes ; pronotum thickly, very
finely punctate, with a faint longitudinal carination on anterior
half, transversely foveate on each side Ijcfoi'e anteriei" margin,
lateral margins reflexed; mesosternal tubercles compressed and
broadly prominently acute; rostrum reaching the intermediate
coxae ; posterior tibiae with a long spine beyond middle ; tegmina
less than two and a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 12 to 15 ; exp. tegm. 33 to 43 millim.

Hah. Assam ; Khasi Hills. — Malay Peninsula ; Pei-ak (Dohertg).

COSMOSCAUTA, 155

2353. Cosmoscarta nigra, Atkins. J. A. S. B. Ivii, p. 335 (1888).

Head, pronotura, scutellum and sternum black ; abdomen
bluish-black ; legs piceous ; tegmiua piceous-black ; wings pale
fuliginous ; head transversely impressed in front of eyes ; pronotum
finely obscurely punctate, foveate on each side before anterior
margin, obliquely foveate near each lateral angle, lateral margins
re flexed ; scutellum transversely striate ; mesosternal tubercles
prominent, subacute ; rostrum about reaching the intermediate
coxse ; posterior tibiae armed with a strong spine beyond middle
tegmina not quite two and a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 11 ; exp. tegm. 34 millim.

Hah. Sikhim {fide AtJdmon) ; Dunsiri Valley {Coll. Bist.).

2354. Cosmoscarta hyalinipennis, sp. u.

Head black, vertex and face dull castaneous ; pronotum black,
the lateral margins very narro\Aly dull castaneous ; scutellum
castaneous, more piceous at base ; abdomen black, the segmental
margins and anal segment castaneous ; sternum black, its lateral
margins and the legs castaneous, the latter more or less suffused
with piceous ; tegmina black ; wings pale fuliginous, hyaline, the
base narrowly testaceous ; head transversely impressed in front of
eyes, the ocelli ochraceous ; pronotum thickly finely punctate,
foveately impressed on each side before anterior margin, obliquely
foveate near each lateral angle, lateral margins moderately reflexed ;
scutellum transversely depressed at base ; mesosternal tubercles
only moderately prominent; rostrum reaching the intermediate
coxae ; posterior tibiae with a long spine beyond middle ; tegmina
about two and a half times as long as broad.

Length excl. tegm. 14 ; exp. tegm. 34 millim.

Hah. Darjiling {Coll. Dlst.).

2355. Cosmoscarta viridans, Guer. (Cercopis) Voy. Belany. Ind. Orient.
p. 501, Atlas, t. ill, f. 7 a (1834) ; Butl. (Cosmoscarta) Cist.
Ent. i, p. 249 (1874) ; Atlwis. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 8 (1885).
Ccroopis latissima, Walk. List Horn, iii, p. 655 (1851).

Head, pronotum, scutellum and body beneath shining black ;
abdomen above shining violaceous-black, its posterior lateral
margins, anal segment and legs reddish-testaceous ; tegmina
brilliant shining black ; wings somewhat dark fuliginous ; eyes
pale ochraceous ; head transversely impressed between eyes ;
pronotum with the lateral margins obliquely straight, not convex,
foveately impressed on each side before anterior margin, obliquely
impressed near each lateral angle, lateral margins reflexed ;
scutellum transversely wrinkled ; mesosternal tubercles conieally
produced ; x-ostrum reaching the intermediate coxae ; face strongly
transversely striate, narrowly centrally interrupted ; posterior
tibiae with a strong spine beyond middle ; tegmina two and a half

156 CERCOPID.'E,

times as long as broad, their apices narrowed, costal margin
strongly arched at base.

Length excl. tegm. 17 to 19; exp. tegm. 48 to 54 millim.

Hub. Coromanclel Coast (Jjcle Guerin). — Java ; Sumatra.

2356. Cosmoscarta niasoni, Did. J. A. S. B. xlvii, p. 194 (1878); id.
torn. cit. xlviii, p. 40, t. ii, f. 6 (1879); Atkins. J A. S. B. liv,

p. 8 (1885).

Head (including face) very pale testaceous ; pronotuni sti'a-
mineous, with a transverse subquadrate black spot at anterior
margin behind head ; scutellum, abdomen, body beneath and legs
shining black, legs somewhat piceous, lateral margins of the pro-
sternum stramineous ; tegmina bLick, their apical areas sometimes
fuseous-browu ; wings fuliginous ; head strongly transversely
impressed in front of eyes ; pronotum with the lateral margins
reflexed, nearly obliqnely straight, not convex, the lateral Jingles
very strongly and acutely produced, centrally longitudinally
carinate on anterior area, foveately impressed on each side of the
anterior black patch ; face robustly tumid, transversely strigose,
with a central impunctate longitudinal impression ; mesosternal
tubercles subconicalty produced ; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate coxae ; posterior tibiae with a strong spine beyond middle ;
tegmina not quite two and a half times longer than broad.

Length excl. tegm. 17; exp. tegm. 45 millim.

Hah. Teuasserim ; Taoo (Limborg), Myitta (Doherti/). — Malay
Peninsula; Vahang (CraddocJc). Borneo; Kina, Balu. (WhiteJiead).

JASSID^. 157

Family JASSID^.

TettigoniidfB, Fitdt, Romop., Fourth Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Cab. Nat.

Hist. p. 55 (1851).
Jassida, Stdl (part.), Hem. Afr. iv, p. 82 (1866).
Subfam. Jassida, Sta/, torn. c'it. pp. 83 & 99 (1866).
Jassidse, Fieb. Verh. zool.-hot. Ges. Wien, xvi, p. 500 (1866) ;

Osborn i^- Ball, loica Ac. Set. iv, p. 172 (1897).
Jassides, Si(/n. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1879, p. 47.
Jassoidea, Van Duzee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xix, p. 296 (1892).

The always moi'e or less closely spinulose condition of the
posterior tibise is a character alone sufficient to distinguish the
members of this very large and, as regards most tropical regions,
little known family. Those of the Palaearctic and Nearctic Eeo-ions
are now fairly well known. The Jassidae of Central America will
receive adequate treatment in the pages of the ' Biologia Centrali-
Americana.' As regards South America, the Ethiopian and
Australasian Eegions, and the islands of the Malay Archipelago, our
knowledge as regards this family is still small and fragmentaiy.
An attempt is here made to describe the genera and species found
in British India. Atkinson writing in 1S86. remarked that " the
number of Jassidae alone awaiting examination should add several
hundred species to our Indian fauna "' ; and this forecast was not
an exaggerated one.

My work with the Indian Jassidae is naturally that of the pioneer.
I recognize the difficulties and dangers in such an enumeration.
Many genera and species are so widely distributed, that >some
synonymy will probably be discovered by Jassid specialists who
have worked at other faunas, while a still greater diiBcuIty exists
in the recognition of sexual dimorphism. I have worked at the
large material which lias passed through my hands without the aid
of iield-notes or the observations of economic entomologists, and
therefore cannot expect to have avoided mistakes where the sexes
are so diverse as we know them to be, in some instances, in our
own fauna. The adjustment of such differences must be left to
the observations of the able economic entomologists now holdino-
appointments in British India.

Great difference of opinion still exists as to the subfamilies in
which many genera should be placed. I have followed in the main
the excellent work of Mr. Van Duzee in the classification of the
Jassidae, adding in some instances the different tasonomical views
of other workers. This, however, is a very healthy sign, and the
study is frequently more advanced by the different propositions in
classification, when they are proposed on special reason?, than is
the case when a canon is claimed for an individual arrangement,
as has been done for the Capsidae with disastrous results in
retarding a knowledge of that family.

158 jassidjE.

Synojisis of Subfamilies.

A. Veins at base of tegmina distinctly visible,

on coriura more or less branched and
connected by transverse veins : ocelli
rarely absent.

a. Posterior tibise four-cornered, armed with

numerous spines, the outer edge usually
more or less expanded and foliaceous ;
ocelli of variable position, but in all the
genera at present known from British
India, placed on disk of vertex Ledrivcp.

b. Posterior tibiae more or less cylindrical

and slender, and densely spinulose.
a. Ocelli on the face, below the anterior

margin of tlie head Bythoscopince.

h. Ocelli placed on disk of vertex.

a. Face large, prominent, strongly con-
vex, cheeks long and narrow,
anterior edge of the head obtuse

or rounded Tettigoniellince.

V . Face flat, or slightly convex, more
or less impressed aci'oss the base,
beneath the prominent and
acute, or rounded and overhang-
ing anterior edge of the bead ;
cheeks at least moderately ex-
panded Gyponime.

c. Ocelli placed superiorly close to the

anterior edge of the head Acoceplialina;.

d. Ocelli on the anterior edge of the head

or vvanting Jassince.

B. Veins at base of tegmina indistinct, not

forked on corium ; transverse veins absent
till before tip, from which spring terminal
veins ; ocelli rarely distinct Typldocyhince.

Subfam. I. LEDRIN^.

Ledriua, Stdl, Of v. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 731.
Scarida, Fid>. liev. May. Zool. (3) iii, p. 386 (1875).
Ledridaj, Van JJuzee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xix, p. 296(1892).
Stenocotinse, KirJc. Rej). Exp. Stat. Haiv. Plant. Assoc, pt. ix,
p. 368 (1906).

Head broad, moderately foliaceous ; face concave or some\\ hat
convex, horizontal or strongly reclined, lateral margins towards
middle or a little before middle distinctly or profoundly sinuate,
not or only slightly dilated ; vertex nari'ow, depressed or

TITUEIA. 1 59

moderately convex ; clypeus or apex of face narrowly produced ;
antennae long, inserted beneath the anterior margin of the head,
remote from eyes ; ocelli of variable position.

I agree with Kirkaldy in considering this subfamily as defined
by Stil " heterogeneous," but I cannot follow him in the attempt
to make a new subfamily " Stenocotinge" simply on the position of
the ocelli, Stfil having already given the chara'-ter " ocelli of
variable position.''

Sijnopsis of Genera.

A. Scutellum plain, not elevated.

a. Posterior tibiaj not foliaceously dilated.

a'. Lateral prouotal areas angularly dilated. Tituria, p, 1.59.
//. Lateral pronotal areas not dilated,
ft". Prouotum neither prominently sili-
cate nor ridged.
a^. Vertex of head more or less flat,
not prominently deflected on each
.side, narrowed and more or less

augidate anteriorly Petalocephala,

i\ Vertex of head prominently de- [p. 162.

fleeted on each side.
«'. Vertex of head about as long as

breadth between eyes Confucius, p. 178.

/>*. .Vertex of head much longer

than breadth between eyes . . Ledropsis, p. 180.
//-. Pronotum either strongly sulcate or
ridged,
o^ Pronotum centrally longitudinally

sulcate '. EzEANA, p. 177.

P. Pronotum centrally strongly ridged. Chatuha, p. 176.

b. Posterior tibife foliaceously dilated Ledra, p. 171.

B. Scutellum lamiuately elevated Eleazara, p. 182.

Geuys TITURIA.

Tituria, Stal, Ofo. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1865, p. 158; id. Hem. Afr.ix
p. 102 (1866) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 96 (1885).

Type, T. plauata., Fabr.

Distrihidioii. Ethiopian, Oriental and Eastern Palsearctic
Regions.

Body large, oblong ; head foliaceous, clypeate, triangular, apex
rounded, produced forward and a little downward, vertex fiat ;
face beneath the eyes suddenly narrowed, thence moi*e gradually
narrowed, margins slightly amplified ; eyes small ; ocehi placed
behind the middle of the vertex, nearer to each other than to
eyes ; pronotum and vertex in the same plane, somewhat sloping
anteriorly ; pronotum sexangular, the lateral areas angularly
produced, anterior margin straight, posterior margin moderately
sinuate ; scutellum triangular ; tegmina coriaceous, densely punc-
tate, reaching apex of abdomen ; clavus medially very broad,

160

jassid.t:.

irregularly reticulate towards the apex; legs somewhat short,
auterior coxte free, posterior tibioe remotely dentate above.

Amyot & Serville (Hem. p. 577 (1843)), give as a representative
of their genus Epidines the Ledra planata, Fabr. As, however,
8tal pointed out, the character they gave for tliat genus, " Pro-
thorax incline presque verticalement," shows that iS))ic7mes= the
American eenus Proranus, Spin., and that ^Janata, Fabr. cannot be
included therein. Epidines is included by Berg in his subfamily
Oyponina (Hem.. Argent, p. 257 (1879)), a course followed by
Fowler.

a. Head ahout half as Jong as space between eyes.

2357. Tituria planata, Fahr. (^Nlembracis) Ent. Syst. iv, p. 11 (1794);
id. (Ledra) Syst. Khyng. p. 25 (1803); Amy. S,- Serv.
(Epidines) Hem. p. 578" (1843) ; St8J (Petalocephala), Ofv.
Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 501 : id. (Tituria) Hem. Fahr. ii,
p. 59 (1869) ; Atkins, (part.) J. A. 8. B. liv, p. 96 (1885).
retalocephala expansa, Stdl, Ofv. Vef.-Al: Fork. 1805, p. 158.*

Virescent, ochraceous in faded specimens ; lateral margins of
head and pronotum (narrowly) and basal angles to scutellum
testaceous ; eyes black, ocelli red; head beneath, sternum and legs
virescent ; coxa; and abdomen beneath brownish-ochraceous ;
tegmina with the costal margin narrowly sanguineous ; vertex of
jiead thicldy punctate, centrally longitudinally carinate, anteriorly

Fig. 106. — Tituria planata.

subangulate ; pronotum finely rugulose and punctate, the lateral
areas broadly angularly produced, the angles posteriorly a little
margined with black ; tegmina thickly punctate, more coarsely so
on clavus, much less thickly on apical costal area ; tarsi
infuscated.

Length excl. tegm. c? & ? 15 to 18; exp. pronot. angl. 9 to 10 ;
exp. tegm. 31 to 34 millim.

* Atkiuson {supra) included ihe Javan species Epidines hebes. Walk, as a
synonym of T, planata, but in error.

TITURIA.

IGl

Hab. Calcutta (Tnd. Mus.). Euntong, Darjiling ; lalaijuri,
Utakamaud {Brit. Mvs.). TeDasserim (Brit. il/?«5.).— Cambodia
(MoiiJiot).

2358. Tituria acutangiilata, sp. n.

Body and legs ochraceous (probably green in fresh specimens) ;
lateral margins of vertex of head testaceous ; posterior margins of
pronotal angles broadly dark castaneous, the extreme edge black ;
tegmina virescent, costal, apical, and interior claval margins
ochraceous, posterior claval margin of a purplish tint, a small
black diseal spot near middle ; wings subhyaline, the venation

Fig. 107.— Tituria acutangulcda, $.

more or less ochraceous ; head and pronotum somewhat thickly
finely punctate; vertex about half as long as space between
eyes, anteriorly obtusely augulate ; pronotum with the lateral
angles strongly acute, angularly produced, their apices a little
recurved ; tegmina thickly coarsely punctate.

Length excl. tegm. c?&? H to 18 ; exp. tegm. 20 to 36 ; exp.
pronot. angl. 8 to 13 millim.

Hah. " N. India" {Brit. Mus.). Nilgiri Hills (Hampson).— .Java
{Horsfield, Brit. Mus.).

23.50. Tituria assamensis, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, body beneath and legs virescent,
lateral margins of head and pronotum narrowly purplish-red ;
tegmina virescent, the claval area pale purplish ; scutellum dark
virescent at base, the apex purplish-red ; head in length a little
more than half the breadth between eyes, obliquely rounded in
front, thickly finely punctate, not centrally cariuate ; pronotum
finely thickly punctate, finely obscurely trausversely striate, the
lateral areas broadly angularly, but on"ly moderately, produced ;
clavus very thickly and coarsely punctate, remainder of tegmina,

VOL. lY. AI

162

JASSIP^.

excluding apical area, thickly punctate, inner margin of tegmina
beyond clavus castaneous.

Length inch tegra. 11 ; exp. pronot. angl. 5^ millim.

Hah. Assam ; Dibrughur {Brit. Mus.).

A small species to be recognized by the only moderately
dilated lateral pronotal areas and by the colour of the claval
area to the tegmina.

2360

b. Head aho%d as long as space between eyes.

Tituria cuneata, sp. n,

Virescent ; vertex Avith the basal half of central carination

and the eyes black ; lateral margins
of pronotum narrowly black ; face
centrally pale sanguineous ; vertex
about as loug as pronotum, very
thickly and finely punctate, strongly
centrally longitudinally cariuate,
lateral margins gi-aduall}' narrowed
from eyes to apex ; pronotum more
coarsely punctate than vertex, the
lateral margins broadly angularly
produced on each side ; scutellura
transversely striate ; tegminathickly
punctate, much less so on apical
area.
Length inch tegm. 15 ; exp. pronot. angl. 6 millim.
Hab. Burma ; Ruby Mines (Doherty).

By the long and nari'ow vertex and pronotum this species is mosc
nearly allied to the Bornean T. obliqua, Walk. ; it is by the some-
what intermediate character of this Bornean species that I have
refrained from proposing a new genus for T. cuneata.

Fig. 108. — Tituria ameata.

Genus PETALOCEPHALA.

Petalocephala, St8l, Of v. Vet. -Ah. Fork. 1853, p. 266; id. torn. cit.

1854, p. 251 ; id. Bern. Afr. iv, p. 103 (1866) : AtTiins. J. A. S. B.

liv, p. 106 (1885).
Ledropsis, Melich. {nee White) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 141 (1903).

Type, P. bohemani, Stal, from Java.

Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, Malayan and Australasian
Eegions.

"Body very oblong or a little elongate, depressed; head
clypeated, foliaceously produced anteriorly ; vertex somewhat
flattened; face beneath eyes strongly and abruptly, thence gra-
dually, narrowed, margins very slightly defined ; " front small,
narrow, flattish ; eyes small ; ocelli situate towards base of vertex,
farther removed from the eyes than from each other ; pronotum
transversely sexangular, not or only slightly anteriorly narrowed,

PETALOCEPHALA. 163

tlie lateral margins acute, anterior lateral much longer than
posterior lateral, anterior margin slightly rounded ; scutellum tri-
angular, subequilateral ; tegmina subcoriaceous, pellucid, densely-
punctate, tectiform, anteriorly conjointly convex, clavus very broad
before the middle, corium obliquely rounded at apex, veins some-
what irregularly anastomosed towards apex ; legs somewhat short,
anterior coxoe free, posterior tibii© remotely dentate." (Stdl.)

a. Vertex of head longer than breadth between eyes.
23G1. Petalocephala subaquila, sp. u.

$ . Head, pronotum, scutellum, body beneath and legs ochra-
ceous, tegmina umber-brown ; vertex of head about as long
as pronotum and scutellum united, much longer than breadth
between eyes, moderately deflexed on each side, the apex sub-
angulate and a little upturned, obscurely centrally longitudinally
carinate, the surface obscurely punctate and sparingly finely granu-
lose ; pronotum punctate, a little transversely wrinkled, centrally
longitudinally impressed, lateral margins almost obliquely straiglit;
scutellum transversely wrinkled ; tegmina densely and rather
coarsely punctate; posterior tibiae remotely but rather strongly
finely spinose.

Length inch tegra. 5 14 millim.

Hab. Burma : Euby Mines (Doherty).

b. Vertex of head about as long as breadth between eyes.

2362. Petalocephala hearsayi, sp. n.

2 . Yirescent ; vertex as long as breadth between eyes, finely
punctate, gradually narrowed to apex, which is rounded, strongly
centrally longitudinally ridged ; pronotum with the disk sparingly
punctate, anteriorly and posteriorly coarsely and thickly punctate,
the disk slightly centrally longitudinally furrowed ; scutellum
obscurely irregularly striate ; tegmina thickly punctate, the claval
area more coarsely punctate, apical margin almost obliquely
truncate.

Length inch tegm. 15^ millim.

Hab. Sikhim {Coll. Dlst.) •. Barrackpore {Sir J no. Hearsay,
Brit. IIus.).

This species is allied to P. bohemani, Stal, of wliich the British
Museum apparently possesses an example collected by Dr. Hors-
field in Java. From this it differs by the much less sinuate
posterior margin of the pronotum and the less centrally furrowed
disk of same, the much more strongly centrally I'idged vertex, and
the more obliquely truncated apices of the tegmina. The speci-
men from Barrackpore in the British Museum I have fixed as
type.

m2

164

JASSfD^.

2363. Petalocephala cultellifera, Walk. (Ledra) /. L{7m. Soc, Zool.
i, p. 98 (1856). ^ ^ , .

Ledra punctifera, Walk. List Horn. Suppl.^. 249 (1858) ; Atktns.
J. A. S. B. liv, p. 95 (1885).

Virescent or ochraceous; vertex about as long as breadtli between
eyes, conically produced towards apex, thickly finely punctate.

Fig. 109. — Petalocephala cultellifera.

centrally longitudinally carinate ; pronotum finely punctate, poste-
riorly finely rugulose, centrally longitudinally linearly impressed ;
tegmina thickly punctate; posterior tibiae inwardly strongly

dentate.

Length excl. tegm. 15 to 17 : exp. tegm. 28 to 32 millim.

Hah. Sikhim ; Mungphu (Atkinson CoU.) ; Darjiling (Brit.
Mus.). — Malay Peninsula ; Perak (Doherti/) ; Singapore ( Wallace,
Brit. 3Ius.).

2364. Petalocephala conica. Walk. (Ledra) List Horn, iii, p. 823
(1851) ; Sfal (Petalocephala), 0/v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 494 ;
Melich. (Ledropsis) Horn. Faim. Ceylo?}, p. 145 (1903).
Ledropsis stSli, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 143, t. iv, f. 16
(1903).

This spt^cies is closely allied to the preceding, P. cultellifera,
and can only be separated from it by the more conical and apically
more broadened vertex of head. It appears to be confined to
Ceylon and from Melichar's description I cannot separate the
species he describes as Ledropsis stdli.

Length $ 15 to 17 millim.

Hah. Ceylon ; Ivelani Valley (Green) ; Digitalavva (C. //. Bing-
liam. Coll. Dist.) ; Gamadnvva, Mirigama, Uwa, Weligama, Patti-
pola, Puttalam (Jide MelicJiar).

Capt. C. H. Bingham caught this species \\ith the Hymenopteron
Oorytes greeni, Bingh., which Mas carrying it.

2365. Petalocephala confusa, sp. n.

2 . Virescent or pale ochraceous ; vertex of head as long as
spact! between eyes, thickly finely punctate, with a fine central

PETALOCEPHALA. 165

longitudinal carination, lateral margins convexly narrowed to apex
which is subangulate ; pronotum a little more coarsely punctate
than vertex and with a fine central longitudinal compressed line,
the lateral margins nearly straight ; scutelhim finely punctate,
\nth an angulated transverse line before apex, beyond this line
the apical area is a little transversely wrinkled; face narrow,
gradually [^broadening posteriorly from area of antennjB where it is
centrally sulcate ; tegmina thickly and coarsely punctate.

Length inch tegm. $ 13 millim.

Hah. Ceylon ; Kandy (Green).

This species is allied to P. conica, Walk., from which it differs
in its much smaller size. I have seen four female specimens.

2366. Petalocephala glauca, Melieh. (Ledropsis) Horn. Faun. Ceyhm,

p. 142, t. iv, f. 13 (1903).

" Green, upper surface thickly punctate ; head distinctly longer
than broad, keeled in middle, and like pronotum thickly punctate ;
scutellum with a fine angulated transverse line ; tegmina punc-
tate, green ; tips of the spines to posterior tibiae brown."

" 5 . Last ventral segment as long as the one preceding it ;
' Scheideupolster ' long, arched, very broad when examined from
side, compressed on dorsal side ; ovipositor not visible." (MelicJmr.)

" Length $ 11 milhm."

Bab. Ceylon ; Peradeniya, Puttalam (Jlde MelicJiar).

I do not know this species ; by the figure given ifc should be
identified by the long and apically broadly or transversely rounded
vertex.

2367. Petalocephala imlformis, sp. n.

Uniformly pale ochraceous or virescent ; vertex of head about
as long as breadth between eyes, very thickly punctate, strougly
centrally longitudinally carinate, lateral margins convexly narrowed
to apex which is subangulate ; pronotum punctate and transversely
wrinkled, with a central longitudinal incision not reaching posterior
margin, a foveate impression on each side of anterior disk ; scu-
tellum punctate ; tegmina thickly punctate, less so on posterior
costal area, claval area very coarsely and thickly punctate.

Length $ 12^ to 13 millim.

Hab. Bombay. Utakamand (Brit. Mus.).

2368. Petalocephala umhrosa, sp. n.

Very pale umber-brown, body beneath paler and more ochra-
ceous ; vertex of head as long as breadth between eyes, the lateral
margins narrowly carmine-red, obliquely sloping downward on
each side, finely punctate, centrally longitudinally carinate, the
apex subangulate ; pronotum about as long as vertex, somewliat
coarsely punctate, foveately impressed on each side before middle,
obscurely centrally longitudinally carinate posteriorly and im-

166 JASSID^.

pressed anteriorly ; tegmina thickly punctate, more coarsely so on
claval area ; posterior tibife remotely but coarsely dentate.

Length inch tegm. $ 13 millim.

Hah. Nilgiri Hills (//ffwjjson); Utakamand(^r;i.il7»s.); Bombay:
Igatpuri (Lefroij) ; Assam ; Margherita {Doherty),

2369. Petalocephala chlorocepliala, Wall-. (Ledra) List Horn, iii,

p. 82-5 (1851) ; SU%1 (Petalocephala), Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862,
p. 494 ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 107 (1885).
Ledrnpsis fuscipennis, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 144, t. iv,
f. 15 (1903).

Head, prouotum and scutellum ochraceous or virescent ; teg-
mina ochraceous, the claval area sometimes more or less purplish,
a small dark spot on disk which in some specimens is obsolete ;
vertex about as long as bi*eadth between eyes, angularly rounded in
front, the apical lateral margins a httle reflexed, finely punctate,
distinctly centrally longitudinally cavinate; pronotum more coarsely
punctate, obscurely centrally linearly furrowed, with t\^o distinct
foveations on anterior area ; scutellum punctate, apically obscurely
transversely striate; face very strongly centrally longitudinally
furrowed.

Length inch tegm. 11 to 12 millim.

Hah. "North India" {Brit. Mas.). Ceylon; Puudaluoya
(Green, Brit. Mus.).

2370. Petalocephala latifroiis, Walk. (Ledra) List Horn, iii, p. 824

(1851) ; Stm (Petalocephala), O^v. Vet.- Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 494.

Closely allied to P. cMoro-
cephala, Walk., from which,
however, it may be easily
separated by the following
characters : — the lateral mar-
gins of the vertex are not evenly
continued to apex, but are
almost straight for a short
, _ distance before the eyes and

^ ^3-^» then somewhat obliquely con-
Fig. 110. — Petalocephala latifruns. tinned to apex ; lateral mar-
gins of the pronotum black ;
face obscurely, not prominently, longitudinally sulcate ; tegmina
usually shining rusty-brown, sometimes dull ochraceous, \\ith the
clavus more or less purplish-brown.
Length inch tegm. 13 millim.

Hah. 8ikhim; Mungphu(^//tmsoH). Bombay: Igatpuri (Z/^/ro?/).
Assam (Badgley, Brit. Mus.). Sylhet {Brit. Mus.).

2371. Petalocephala hornei, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, body beneath and legs ochraceous
lateral margins of vertex and central cariuation to same narrow,

PETALOCEPHALA. 167

anterioi' and broader posterior suffusions to pronotum, an elongate
spot near each basal angle of scutellum and apical area to same,
anterior area of head beneath extending as far as eyes and tlie
tibiae and tarsi, more or less pale castaneous-brown ; tegmina dark
castaneous-brown, a little paler at basal costal area ; vertex of
head about as long as breadth between eyes, finely and obscurely
punctate, the lateral margins reflexed and strongly centrally longi-
tudinally carinate ; pronotum more coarsely punctate, especially so
on anterior and posterior areas, two prominent foveations on
anterior disk ; scutellum finely granulose at base, transversely
striate on apical area ; tegmina thickly punctate, vei'y coarsely so
on claval area ; posterior tibiae with six short spines.

Length inch tegm. $ 13 millim.

Hah. "North- West India" (C. Home, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to P. latifrons, Walk., but differs in the more conically
rounded vertex, lateral margins of the pronotum coucolorous, not
black, the spotted scutellum, &c.

2372. Petalocephala bicolor, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, body beneath and legs ochraceous ;
broad lateral margins to vertex of head and pronotum and the
whole of the tegmina umber-brown or very pale castaneous ; apical
mai'gins of tegmina narro\\'ly piceous ; vertex about as long as space
between eyes, narrowed to apes which is obtusely angulate, no
perceptible central carination, very obsoletely punctate, the margins
wrinkled, lateral areas deflexed, apex slightly upturned ; pronotum
obsoletely punctate, with an obscure central line on disk ; scutellum
obsoletely punctate ; tegmina thickly finely punctate, inner margin
of clavus a little darker ; head beneath very prominently foveate
on each side at inner margins of eyes.

Length inch tegm. 12 millim.

Hab. Ceylon ; Kandy (Green).

Mr. Green sent me a single specimen of this species, which in
addition to its peculiar markings, may be recognized by the obso-
lete puncturation to the vertex and pronotum.

2373. Petalocephala insignis, sp. u.

5 . Head, pronotum, scutellum, body beneath and legs ochra-
ceous ; vertex wdth the sublateral margins for about half their
length from eyes, and the apical area of the central carination,
black ; sublateral margins to the pronotum black ; anterior pro-
longation of face and basal sublateral margins in front of eyes
black ; abdomen above testaceous ; tegmina greyish-ochraceous,
costal area for half its length stramineous, beneath which the
tegmen is broadly suffused with piceous from base and apically
transversely deflexed to disk ; tegmina hyaline with the veins
brownish ; vertex about as long as breadth between eyes ; the
lateral margins ridged, centrally strongly longitudinally carinate,

168

JASSIDiE.

subrugulose ; pronotum punctate, finely transversely wrinkled,
witli a rather faint central longitudinal carination ; scutellum
with the disk punctate, the a[)ical area transversely striate, the

Fig. \i\.—Fdalocephcda insignis.

basal angular area impunctate ; tegmina punctate, more coarsely
so on the claval and costal areas.

Length excl. tegm. $ 11 millim. ; exp. tegm. 20 millim.

Hah. Sikhim (Atkinson OolL, Brit. Mus.).

2374. Petalocepliala perductalis, Kirbj/ (Clovia), J. Linn. Soc, Zool.
xxiv, p. 161, t. V, f. 2 (1891) ; Melich. (Ledropsis) Horn. Faun.
Ceylon, p. 145 (1903).

Head, pronotum, scutellum and tegmina pale chocolate-brown;
a cfciutral broad longitudinal fascia traverses the vertex, pronotum
and scutellum, narrowing on vertex, ochraceous ; body beneath
and legs dull ochraceous ; vertex of head about as long as space
between eyes, finely punctate, narrowing to apex which is obtusely
angnlate ; pronotum finely transversely wrinkled, the lateral
margins obliquely straight ; scutellum finely transversely wrinkled ;
face with a foveate impression on each side in a line with the
antenna? ; tegmina thickly, somewhat coarsely punctate.

Length inch tegm. $ 12 millim.

Hah. Ceylon; Pundaluoya, Kandy, Maskeliya (G-Vc^?i) ; Badda-
Eliya, Ambepusse {fide Melkliar).

The brilliant and unique coloration of this species renders its
recognition a matter of no difficulty.

c. Vertex of head considerably shorter than breadth betiveen erjes.

2375. Petalocephala nigrilinea, Walk. (Ledra) J. Linn. Soc, Zool.
i, p. !)8 (1856).
Ledi'opsis dunidiata, Stdl, Ofu. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1858, p. 452.

PETALOCEPHALA.

169

Lediopsis kirbvi, Melieh. Honi. Faun. Ceylon, p. 143, t. iv, f. 14

(1908).
Eogypona kirbyi, Kirk, in litt.

Viresceut or ochraceous ; anterior margiu of vertex narrowly
testaceous; lateral margins of pronotum very narrowly and finely
or more broadly black ; in some specimens the clavus, excluding
its inner margin, is more or less fuscous-brown; vertex of head
considerably sliorter than width between eyes, almost obliquely
straight for a short distance in front of eyes and Ifinence convexly
narrowed to apex, which is subangulate, centrally finely longi-
tudinally carinate ; pronotum obscurely transversely rugulose, its
lateral margins straight ; tegraina thickly punctate, more coarsely
so on claval area.

Length inch tegm. 10 to 12 millim.

Hah. Nilgiri Hills (Uampsoa). Ceylon ; Kandy {Green), Pun-
duluoya, Patipolla, Neeldandahecna, Weligama {fide Ilelichar).—
Singapore {Wallace, Brit. IIus.).

Although Melichar does not mention the narrow dark margins
to the vertex and pronotum he figures the vertex of his species,
the peculiar structure of uhich leaves httle doubt as to its identity
with Walker's P. nigriVmea. From fStfil's description his dimidiata
also appears to be a synonym.

2376. Petalocephala tabulata, sp. w.

5 . Vertex greyish, minutely spotted with sanguineous, the
basal margin and sometimes a centi-al line also of that colour ;

ocelli piceous; pronotum olivaceous-
brown, the anterior and lateral areas
greyish, minutely spotted with san-
guineous, a transverse series of
small grey spots at basal margin ;
scutelluin pale castaneous ; body
beneath ochraceous, the liead, lateral
margin of prosternum and lateral
margins of abdomen sanguineous ;
tegminapiceous-brown, the posterior
costal area greyish, a few small
greyish spots on margins of claval
area ; vertex broad, shorter than
space between eyes, sparingly punc-
tate, lateral margins slightly angu-
lated in front of eyes ; pronotum
with the discal area finely wrinkled, the anterior and lateral
areas punctate ; scutellum punctate, the apex Itevigate ; tegmina
punctate, the claval area very coarsely punctate.
Length inch tegm. $ 7g millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Pundaluoya ((?ree«, 5n'^. iliws.).
A small and very distinctly marked species.

Fig. 112.
Petalocephala tabulata.

170 JASSID^K.

2377. Petalocephala brachycephala, sp. n.

A^irescent or greeuish-ocliraceous ; ocelli red ; eyes black ; vertex
of head little more than half as loug as breadth between eyes,
flattened in each lateral area, finely punctate, centrally longitu-
dinally ridged, lateral margins convexly narrowed to apex, which is
suhangulate; pronotum with a distinct central longitudinal in-
cision, punctate and obscurely transversely wrinkled ; scutellum
somewhat coarsely punctate; tegmina thickly punctate, except
on posterior costal area, claval area very thickly and coarsely
punctate.

Length 2 15 millim.

Hah. Trivandrum {Coll. Dist.). Ceylon {Green, Brit. Mus.) ;
'K^nAy {Coll. Dist.).

2378. Petalocephela remota, Mdich. (Ledropsis) Horn. Faun. Ceylon

p. 144, t. iv, f. 17 (1903).

" Greenish-yellow ; head as long as broad * and as long as
pronotum, in front ' parabolisch ' rounded, centrally extremely
finely keeled, on whole surface wrinkled and punctate ; ocelli very
small, difficult to perceive, placed before middle and near each
other, whereby the species differs from all the other allied ones in
which the ocelli are generally very large and distinct and situate
in the middle or nearer the posterior margin ; face pale greenish-
yellow, the narrow front in middle distinctly furrowed ; pronotum
smooth, wrinkled and punctate, with two shallow impressions in
front ; scutellum with a fine angulate transverse line before apex ;
tegmina thickly and regularly punctate, hyaline, extending to the
apex of abdomen, with delicate indistinct veins ; legs as in the other
species." {Melicliar.)

"Length 5 10 millim."

Hah. Ceylon ; Heueratgoda {fide Mdiclmr).

2379. Petalocephala walkeri, Melkh. (Ledropsis) Horn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 144, t. iv, f. 10«, 6(1903).
Eogypona walkeri, Kirk. MIS.

" Grreen or yellowish-green, sometimes pale bi'ownish-yellow ;
vertex broader than loug, flattened, in middle distinctly keeled,
anterior border angulated, sides convex, forming no angle before
the eyes, the upper surface thickly punctured ; pronotum on the
whole surface moderately thickly punctate, not wrinkled, with a
few shallow impressions ; scutellum with an angulated transverse
line; tegmina on whole surface regularly punctate ; wings hyaline;
underside and legs greenish-yellow ; tips of spines to ])osterior
tibiaj brown." {MellcJiar.)

Length § 14 to 15 millim.

IJab. Ceylon; Y'dtti\jo\a {fide IleUcJiar).

I have not seen this species.

* This appears to be an error, for in Melichar's figure tlie vertex is only
about half as long as the breadth between eyes.

LEDBA.. 171

Genus LEDRA.

Ledra, Fabr. Si/st. llhyiui. p. 24 (180:5) ; Fieh. Rev. Mrnj. Zool. (3),

xxvi, p. ^86 (1875) ■; Melich. Cic. Milt. Europ. p. 126 (18'.)G).
Ledromorpha, Melich. (part.) nee Stal, Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 1 40 (1903).

Type, L. aurifa, Linn., a Palaearctic species.

Distribution. Palsearctic, Oriental and Malayan llegions.

Head with the vertex laminate, transverse, obtusely angulate
anteriorly and obliquely angulate in front of eyes ; pronotum
hexagonal, more or less longitudinally ridged, sometimes with
laminate processes, anterior margin nearly straight, wider
than the posterior margin wliich is deeply sinuate ; scutellum
somewhat small ; tegmina coriaceous or seraicoriaceous, the veins
prominent ; head beneath foliaceous before the face ; posterior
tibiae laminately widened, outwardly remotely dentate and ciliate.

The foliaceously or laminately widened posterior tibiae and the
laterally angulated vertex in front of eyes are distinctive characters
of this genus.

A. Pronotum longitudinally ridged, or carinate ivith elevated

laminate jyrocesses,

2380. Ledra serruiata, Fabr. Syst. Rhyyiy. p. 24 (1803) ; Stal, Hem.
Fabr. ii, p. 08 (1869) ; Atkins. J. A. k B. liv, p. 92 (1885).

" Greyish or flavescent-greyish ; body beneath and legs pale
testaceously-flavesceut or testaceously white ; tegmina greyish, pel-
lucid behind middle, a broad pallescent, obsolete fascia near base ;
wings sordidly hyaline ; abdomen above flavescent sanguineous ;
pronotum elevated posteriorly, furnished on each side with
an erect process produced forward and posteriorly marginally
creuulate ; sometimes with two interrupted fasciae on the head
beneath and some median markings on the pronotum, black.
Structure of L. aurita, Linn, but head more roundly produced,
pronotal processes longer; head somewhat shorter than pronotum,
gradually distinctly amplitied for a short chstance before the eyes,
thence abruptly angulated and anteriorly much rounded, the area
of the ocelli impressed, the impressed portion forwardly amplified
and gradually merged in the anterior disk, anteocular area
remotely sprinkled with distinct granules ; lateral margins of
pronotum parallel at apex, thence somewhat backwardly divergent,
tw^o parallel ridges behind the middle which are anteriorly slightly
divergent, obtuse, minutely tuberculate and towards the sides a
lobiform crest, very high, slightly bending forward, remotely
granulate, posteriorly crenulate ; scutellum gradually transversely
depressed towards the middle, before middle laterally sprinkled
with granules, posteriorly much elevated, the elevated area
posteriorly black and granulate ; tegmina gradually slightly ampli-
fied beyond the middle, thence outwardly rounded, nearly the
whole of clavus and corium towards base punctured and sprinkled
with granules at intervals, veins here and there infuscate ; tibiae
above sparingly granulate." {St&l.)

172

JASSID.^.

" Leugth $ 18, breadtla 5 inilliin.'"'
Hah. '' Trauquebar." — Malacca.

I have been unable to identify with certainty this species with
any of the specimens that have passed through iny hands.

2381. Ledra intermedia, s.y}. n.

$ , Somewhat pale ferruginous-brown ; vertex considerably
shorter than breadth between eyes, the anterior area of vertex
strongly granulate, Literal margins in front of eyes for a short
distance obliquely straight and then narrowed to apex which is
subconically rounded ; pronotum with two central discal longi-
tudinal carinations, on each side of which is a strongly raised
laminate process ; scutellum chocolate-brown, with two short
prominent longitudinal ridges at apex ; tegmina with the venation
more or less reddish, with a few very small granules on basal half
and with scattered black speckles on posterior half ; head beneath
with a central fascia in frout of eyes, a large spot between face
and eyes and the clypeus carmine-red, on the anterior fascia are
four large black spots, two on each side of face ; anterior and
intermediate femora broad and foveate.

Length $ 21 millim.

Hah. Southern India ; Travancore {Bnt. Mus.).

This species is intermediate between the Malayan L. tuherculi-
frons, Walk., and L. mutica, Fabr. It is allied to the first by the
granulate anterior area of the vertex and resembles both in its
elongate form, but differs by the prominently raised laminate
processes to the pronotum.

2382. Ledra dorsalis. Walk. List Uom. iii, p. 810 (1851) ; Sm, Ofv.

rct.-Ak. Fdrh. 1862, p. 495 ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 94

(1885).

Head and pronotum ochraceous or greyish-ochraceous, posterior
area of pronotum, scutellum and tegmina darker in hue, an

oblique basal patch to tegmina
testaceous; body beneath and legs
ochraceous, head beneath on basal
half with a central and two oblique
black fascire; vertex of head about
half as long as breadth between
eyes, with a strong central and
two short oblique ridges, rugosely
granulate, lateral margins ob-
liquely straight for a short distance
in front of eyes and thence trans-
versely oblique to apex ; pronotum
with two central ridges, on each
side of which is an upwardly raised
laminate process, the whole surface, but particulary the raised disk,
coarsely granulate ; tegmina with scattered small "tubercles.

Fig. 113. — Ledra dorsalis, §.

LEDRA. ]73

Length iucl. tegm. c? 16, $ 21 millim.

Hah. Sikhiiii ; Mungphu {Atkinson Coll.). Assam {Badfjley,
Brit. Mus.) ; Sylhet {Brit. Mus.).

2383, Ledra snblata, sp. n.

Greyish with a virescent tint, more or less suffused with
piceous ; vertex of head distinctly shorter than breadth between
eyes, coarsely granulate, very finely centrally longitudinally
carinate, lateral margins angulate in front of eyes and then some-
what transversely rounded to apex which is subangulate ; pro-
notum coarsely granulate, more particularly so on anterior margin
and posterior disk, the latter elevated with three longitudinal
granulate ridges, the central ridge shortest, on each side of these
a raised laminate process, the margins of which are rounded and
a little directed backward, the posterior angles somewhat sub-
acutely prominent ; scutellum piceous with the apex pale and
raised ^here there are two longitudinal ridges of black granules ;
tegmina greyish, the veins mostly brownish, the base and a broad
ill-defined oblique fascia near middle piceous ; body beneath and legs
greyish with a virescent tint ; head beneath in front of eyes with
darker speckles, this space posteriorly bounded with a broken
black transverse narrow fascia, behind which the face is longi-
tudinally sulcate ; tibite more or less spotted with piceous.

Length incl. tegm. c? 16 millim.

Hah. Ceylon ; Eppawela {Green).

This species has a strong superficial resemblance to L. cinga-
lensis, Dist. (p. 175), but differs by the elevated pronotal
processes.

B. Pronotum lonr/iiudinaUy ridged or carinate, without elevated

laminate processes.

2384. Ledra mutica, Fabr. Si/st. Rhynq. p. 25 (1803); StFd, Hem.

Fair, ii, p. .^O (18G9) : Atkifis. X A. S. B. liv, p. 92 (188o).
Ledra fornicata, IVaUc. List Horn, ill, p. 815 (1851).
Ledra carinata, Walk. torn. cit.

$ . Head, pronotum, scutellum, tegmina, body beneath and
legs ochraceous, above with darker spots and granules ; ab-
domen above testaceous ; vertex of head as long as space
between eyes, ratlier thickly granulate, with a very fine
central longitudinal carination, the lateral margins obliquely
angulate in front of eyes, thence narrowed to apex which is
subangulate ; pronotum granulate, transversely impressed on disk
behind anterior margin, moderately gibbous posteriorly where
there are four fine discal longitudinal ridges, in front of the trans-
verse impression the granules are a little larger and more
prominent ; face widened at the area of the anteiniae, thence only
slightly narrowed posteriorly ; scutellum with a longitudinal series

174

jassiDjI:.

of about three granules at each basal area and a double longi-
tudinal series of granules on apical area ; tegmina with a
number of scattex'ed granules on basal half, veins sometimes
testaceous.

Length excl, tegm. $ 16 ; exp. tegm. 30 millim.

Hah. Bombay {Dixon). Kangra Valley {Dudgeon). Mussoorie,
Pusa (Z/g/y-o?/). Calcutta. Burma ; Pegu (CoZ^. Z>/s<.).

To be separated from the following species, L. dilatata, Walk,
by the narrower and longer vertex of head. I have not seen a
male example.

2385. Ledra dilatata, Walk. List Rom. iii, p. 811 (1851) ; Stdl, Of v.
Vet -Ah. Forh. 1802, p. 495; id. Hem. Fabr. n, p. 59 (1809) ;
Athins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 93 (1885).
Ledra scutellata, Walk. List Horn, iii, p. 812 (1851).
Ledra plana, Walk. torn. cit.

Tawny-brown, ^^'ith scattered darker granules ; body beneath
and legs much paler ; head beneath in front of eyes greyish-brown,
between eyes a piceous fascia much more distinct in $ than in
cJ ; vertex in both sexes as long as breadth between eyes, moder-
ately thickly granulate, the lateral margins obliquely straight for
a little in front of eyes and then convexly subangularly rounded
to apex, strongly centrally longitudinally ridged, with a more

Fig. 114.-

-Ledra dilatata, cj" & 5 •

obscure short oblique ridge on each side ; pronotum granulate,
with five longitudinal ridges on posterior disk, the central ridge
very short ; scutellum with two apical black ridges ; abdomen
above testaceous-red, the anal segment ochraceous ; tegmina pale
brownish-ochraceous, the veins darker, a few^ small scattered
granules on basal half ; wings hyaline, the veins darker and
sanguineous at base.

Var. Tegmina (excluding costal apical area) fuscous brown.

Length incl. tegm. S 1<J, $ 23; exp. tegm. 5 36 to 38 millim.

Hah. Nilgiri Hills (Hampson). Burma ; Euby Mines (JDohert)/) ;
Thayetmyo ( Watson). Tenasserim (Brit. litis.).

The smaller specimen figured is the d" type L. dilatata, Walk.,
the larger figure is the § type L. scutellata, Walk.

LBDRA.

175

2386. Ledi'a cingalensis, sp. n.

Ledra dilatata, Melich. {nee Walk.) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 139
(1908).

Allied to the preceding species, L. dilatata., Walk., but differs
in the shoi-ter vertex which is distinctly shorter in length than the
breadth between the eyes ; in the S the vertex is much more
transverse and less anteriorly angulate, in the $ the vertex is also
proportionally shorter and less narrowed anteriorly.

Length inch tegm. S 15, $ 20 to 21 milliui.

Hah. Ceylon {Green, Brit. 3Ins.).

2387. Ledra rugosa, M^alk. List Horn, iii, p. 816 (1851) ; Melich.
(Ledromorplia) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 140 (1903).

Dark ferruginous-brown, sparingly finely granulate; head

beneath, sternum and legs brown-
ish-ochraceous, tibiae and tarsi
ferruginous ; head with the vertex
as long as breadth between the
outer margin of eyes, its lateral
margins a little paler, centrally
finely longitudinally carinate, the
whole surface more or less granu-
late, laterally depressed on each
side ; pronotum finely granulate,
the posterior disk with four longi-
tudinal ridges ; scutellum with
two apical ridges ; tegmina with
scattered small granules, the apical
half between the veins paler in

hue; wings subhyaline, the veins fuscous; abdomen mutilated in

the unique typical specimen, which apparently belongs to the

female sex.

Length incl. tegm. 18 millim.

Hah. Ceylon (Brit. Mus.).

I only know this species by the unique type in the British

Museum, which is here figured.

Fig. 115. — Ledra ruyosa.

2388. Ledra? punctulata, Melich. (Ledromorpha) Hotn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 141 (1903).

"A small, narrow, rather long species, of a dirt:y grey-greenish
colour, with black shining granules on the whole upper surface ;
vertex as long as pronotum, anteriorly leaf-like, sharpened,
rounded, in the middle keeled, the sides flattened off downward ;
face dirty green, front narrow, keel-like lengthened above ; eyes
black ; pronotum distinctly bulging, raised at hind margin, the
black granules forming tliere a more or less regular transverse
series ; scutellum small, with two longitudinal furrows at base
which merge into a recumbent transverse furrow lying before the

176 JASSTD^.

tip, so that at the base three sh'ghtly arched humps are formed ;
tegmina witli a blac-ldsli -brown transverse fascia which is directed
from the middle of costal margin obliquely forward and runs
inward to tip of scutellum, numerous scattered black granules
which form a longitudinal series on costal margin and are
specially distinct in the paler apical part ; pectus, abdomen and
legs dirty green, the tibiae with rather large black spots at the
angles, on surface very finely punctate, tarsi dirty green."
i^Melichar.)

Length S 9 millim.

Hah. Ceylon ; Peradeniya {Jide Meliclmr).

I have not seen this species,

The two following species have been described by Walker in the
genus Ledra, but the unique types are both mutilated and their
generic position indeterminable.

Gen. 1 punctata, Walk. (Ledra) Li><t Horn, iii, p. 824 (1851) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. B. liv, p. 94 (1885).
Hah. Malabar {Brit. Mus.).

Oen. 1 lineata, Walk. (Ledra) List Horn, iii, p. 830 (1851) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. B. liv, p. 94 (1885).

Hah. " North India " {Brit. Mus.).

Genus CHATURA, nov.

Type, C. nigella, Dist.

Distribution. Ceylon.

Vertex about as long as breadth between eyes and almost as
long as pronotuiTi and scutellum united, not angulated in front
of eyes, the lateral margins continuous from eyes to apex ; face
broad between the eyes, angularly narrowed anteriorly ; pro-
notum short, considerably shoiter than vertex, with four central
ridges, the lateral margins sinuate, anterior and posterior mai'gins
nearly straight, the latter only slightly concavely sinuate ;
scutellum discally foveate ; legs moderately short, posterior tibiae
not foliaceously dilated, outwardly somewhat strongly spinose ;
tegmina shoi't, more or less granulose, apices broadly rounded.

Differs from Ledra by the non-dilated posterior tibiae, the non-
angulated vertex in front of eyes, the short pronotum, &c.

2389, Chatura nigella, sp. u.

Head, pronotum and scutellum oclu-aceous ; head sparingly
testaceously granulate, with a central longitudinal dark testaceous
fascia ; pronotum with the disk piceous ; abdomen above brownish-
testaceous ; head beneath anteriorly ochraceous, the face and
an anterior central fascia piceous ; sternum and legs ochraceous,
the former more or less suffused with piceous ; abdomen beneath

EZRANA.

17'

greyish-brown ; tegmina ochraceoiis with scattered black granules
and two obscure oblique fuscous fascise, one near middle, the
other subapical ; wings very pale fuliginous, subhyaline ; vertex of
head about as long as breadth between eyes, lateral margins not

Fig. 111). — Chatura nigella.

angulated in front of eyes but gradually roundly narrowed to
apex, which is a little subangulate ; pronotum with four central
ridges, the outermost longest and much angulated, between them
a series of granules at anterior margin, lateral margins sinuate ;
scutellum discally foveate with a central carination; face very broad,
angulated anteriorly and posteriorly ; posterior tibiae remotely
and rather longly spinous on inner margin.

Length excl. tegm. $ 11 ; exp. tegm. 16 millim.

Hab. Ceylon ; Maskelij^a ( Green).

Genus EZRANA, nov.

Type, E. pygmcpa, Dist.

Distribution. British India.

J . Head shorter than breadth between eyes ; ocelli very
prominent, placed on disk behind middle and slightly nearer to
each other than to eyes, lateral margins straight for a short
distance in front of eyes then narrowed to apex, which is obtusely
acute ; pronotum non-carinate, but centrally longitudinallv sul-
cate, lateral margins a little concavely sinuate, posterior angles
subpi-orainent, posterior margin sinuate ; other characters generally
as in Ledra ; legs imperfectly seen, owing to corrosion, in typical
specimen, but the posterior tibiae not foliaceously dilated.

2390. Ezrana pygmaea, sp, u.

Body above pale ochraceous ; eyes piceous ; margins of ocelli,
a large irregular discal spot on each side of pronotum, a basal
marginal fascia to pronotum and two oblique spots to mesonotum,
castaneous ; body beneath a little paler ; head beneath pale
yellowish-white, its anterior area pale virescent ; tegmina pale
greyish-ochraceous, basal half opaque, remaining area talc-like,

VOL. IV. N

178

JASSIDtE.

with the reticulate venation pale greyish-ochraceous
head minutely tuberculate on its anterior area ;

vertex of
pronotum

Fig. 1 1 7. — Ezrana pygincea.

sparingly finely tuberculous, centrally sulcata, its anterior margin
with minute piceous spots.

Length 10| millim.

Hah. Bombay {Brii. Mm.).

Genus CONFUCIUS.
Confucius, List. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 11, p. 191 (1907).

Type, G. granulatus, Dist., from China.

Distribution. Oriental and Eastern Palsearctic Regions.

Vertex of head about as long as breadth between eyes, strongly
deflected on each side, the apex subangulate ; head beneath
foliaceous, the face long, strongly narrowed anteriorly, less so
posteriorly, finely centrally furrowed from the region of the
antenna "to clypeus ; pronotum about as long as broad, non-
carinate, the lateral margins concavely sinuate, the posterior
angles a little prominent, strongly foveate on each side behind
anterior margin, thence somewhat convexly ascendant to posterior
margin, which is concavely sinuate ; legs moderate, all the tibiae
strongly sulcate, posterior tibiae not foliaceously dilated ; tegmina
subcoriaceous, thickly punctate.

Allied to Ledrojisis, from which it principally differs by the
vertex not longer than breadth between eyes, the sinuate lateral
margins and the anterior foveations to the pronotum, &c.

2391. Confucius ocellatus, sp. n.

5 . Pale umber-brown, body beneath and legs much paler ;
vertex of head about as long as breadth between eyes, finely
granulate on apical area, the ocelli very prominent and appearing
as two large black granules, the lateral margins a little angulate
in front of eyes, thence gradually narrowing to apex, which is
subangulate, the lateral areas downwardly reflexed on each side ;
pronotum thickly finely granulate, the posterior angles a little
«ubacutely prominent, the lateral margins strongly sinuate, a large
and deep foveation on each side near anterior margin ; scutelkim

CONFUCIUS.

179

finely transversely wrinkled, the apex globosely incrassate, from
each side of the anterior margin is a similar short oblique
globose ridge not extending beyond the middle of scutellum ;

Fig. 118. — Confucius ocellatus.

tegraina coriaceous, greyish, the veins brownish ; wings greyish,
semi-opaque.

Var. Tegmina speckled with brownish.

Length inch tegm, § 9 millim.

Hah. Bengal; Kanchi (Ze/ro?/). Ceylon; Kalutara ((?re<eH).

A single $ specimen of this small and distinct species was
sent to me by Mr. Green, and another specimen of the same sex
\\a3 forwarded for identification by Mr. Lefroy ; the latter is here
figured and represents the var. in which the tegmina are speckled
with brownish.

paler ;
tuber-
vertex

2:392. Confucius bituberculatus, sp. n.

§ . Dark brownish-ochraceous ; body beneath and legs
tegmina dull dark subvirescent, with a prominent black
culous granule a little beyond middle of each claval area;
of head about as long as breadth between outer margins of eyes,
the lateral and apical margins ochraceous and marked with some
brownish dots, the remaining surface somewhat granulate excepting
the area between ocelli, the lateral margins somewhat obliquely
straight for a short distance in front of eyes and then gradually
narrowed to apex, which is subangulate ; pronotum granulate,
more especially on posterior area, on posterior margin a series of
larger granules, on middle of anterior margin four small granules,
lateral margins a little sinuate ; scutellum a little piceous at base,
with a raised umber-brown spot at each basal angle ; tegmina
dull subvirescent, the apical area obliquely subhyaline with the
veins darker ; scattered over the surface are a few minute granules
in addition to the prominent tuberculous granule in each claAus as
already described ; both costal and inner margins with a series of
minute brown granulate spots ; face anteriorly much and elongately
narrowed, a very strong toveation on each side in front of eyes.

Length inch tegm. $ 11 millim.

Rah. Ceylon; Peradeniya (<xr«e«).

n2

ISO

JASSID^.

Genus LEDROPSIS.

Ledropsis, White, A. M. N. H. {1} xiv, p. 425 (1844) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. B. liv, p. 95 (1885).

Type, L. cancroma, White, from China.

Distribution. Eastern Palsearctic, Oriental, Malayan and Aus-
tralasian Eegions.

" Head with its prolongation longer than wide, parallel in
front of the eyes, as wide as the thorax, then gradually curved to
the tip, which is somewhat obtuse ; ocelli on the same line with
the front of the eyes and rather more distant from each other
than from the eyes ; eyes large but not very prominent ; prolonga-
tion hollowed out beneath, with a spear-shaped elevated ridge
running down the middle, the base of which, on the face between
the eyes, is hollowed out ; antennse spring from a depression in
front of the eyes beneath, 3-jointed, the terminal joint ending in
a longish bristle ; thorax rounded in front, very deeply notched
behind, the posterior angles truncately rounded ; tegmina with
many inclosed cells at the end, the veins robust ; body elongate,
margined beneath ; tibiae of posterior legs not dilated, serrated
behind." ( White.)

The length of the head, always considerably longer than the
width at eyes, is a distinguishing character for this genus.

2393. Ledropsis obligens. Walk. (Ledra) List Horn., Suppl. p. 251
(1858) ; Stal (Ledropsis), Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 495 ;
Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 95 (1885).

Testaceous or brownish-ochraceous ; head considerably longer
than width between outer margins of eyes, deflected on each side
with a linear central longitudinal incision, the apex subangulate ;

Fig. 119. — Lcdroims obligcns.

face pale ochraceous, elougately triangular, the margins of its
upper area piceous ; pronotum shorter than vertex, finely trans-
versely rugose ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous, the tibiae
outwardly testaceous or brownish-ochraceous ; tegoiina testaceous-

LEDE.OPSIS. 181

brown or brownish-ochraceous ; wings hyaline with the venation
darker ; abdomen above testaceous or brownish-ochraceous.

Length excL tegm. 14 ; exp. tegm. 20 nnlHni.

Ilab. Sikhim ; Mungphu (Atkinson CoU., Brit. Mus.). Nilgii'is ;
U'takamand (Brit. Miis.).

2394. Ledropsis maculata, sp. n.

Head, pronotnm and scutellum ochraceous ; lateral margins
and apex of vertex and anterior and posterior margins of
pronotuni more or less olivaceous ; body beneath and legs pale
ochraceous ; lateral margins of face and legs virescent, tarsi
olivaceous ; tegmina greenish-ochraceous, tinted with pale oliva-
ceous on basal half, the whole surface more or less sprinkled with
small testaceous spots ; vertex of head as long as pronotum and
scutellum together, strongly deflected on each side, narrowed to
apex, which is obtusely angulate and a little upturned, thickly
punctate, with an obscure central longitudinal carination; pro-
notum coarsely punctate, with an obscure central linear impression,
posterior margin strongly angularly sinuate, lateral margins con-
cavely sinuate ; scutellum coarsely punctate with a transverse
impression before apex ; tegmina thickly punctate, rather more
coarsely punctate on basal and claval areas ; head beneath trans-
versely furrowed in front of eyes, face with a distinct central
longitudinal carination.

Length inch tegm. 2 1*^ millim.

Hab. Ceylon ; Ivandy ( Green).

2395. Ledropsis? producta, Melich. (Ledromorpha) Horn. Faun.

Ceylun, p. 140 (1903).

" Above rusty-brown, thickly and finely punctured and finely
granulate, beneath pale brownish-yellow ; vertex of head half
longer than pronotum, towards front conically produced, trans-
versely arched, finely and thickly granulate, without wrinkles;
front narrow, gradually narrowed to tip of face, in middle a
shortened longitudinal furrow with some transverse dashes on
both sides ; eyes not prominent ; pronotum longer than broad ;
a little narrowed in front, transversely arched, gradually rising
from anterior to hind margins, thickly and finely granulate ;
scutellum large, triangular, in basal angles on each side a rusty-
brown spot, between these several indistinct spots and a curved
transverse line before tip ; tegmina longish, narrow, not widened
outward, but narrow and rounded to the tip, the upper surface
with finely punctured branching veins ; wings hyaline ; underside
pale yellow ; legs pale or dirty yellow, tibiae and tarsi rusty-brown ;
femora not widened, with grey hair ; specially recognizable by
conical form of head and long narrow form of body." {Melichar.)

" Length $ 16 millim."

Hab. Ceylon ; Moruwale {fide Melichar).

I have not seen this species.

182

JASSID/E.

Genus ELEAZARA, nov.

Type, E. oidificatura, Dist.

Distribution. British India.

Head broad, short, angulate, straight in front of eyes and then
obHque to apex, which is angulate ; ocelh on posterior vertical
area ; head beneath foliaceous, recurved anteriorly, face elongate,
broadest between eyes, much narrowed anteriorly, less so pos-
teriorlv ; pronotum longer than vertex, the lateral areas laminately
subangularly dilated, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior
margin concavely sinuate ; scutellum with a central elevated
crest-like process ; legs of moderate length, posterior tibiae
slightly dilated, outwardly spinose ; tegmina rugose and granulose,
the veins, especially on apical area, elevated and prominent.

2396. Eleazara aedificatura, sp. u.

Ferruginous - brown ; vertex of head shorter than breadth
between eyes, its anterior area strongly granulose ; pronotum

strongly granulose on posterior
area, more finely so on lateral
areas, which are foveately de-
pressed ; a faint central longitu-
dinal cariuation on disk, a short
oblique ridge between eyes and
two widely separated somewhat
large discal flattened tubercles ;
scutellum elevated in a laminate
recurved process ; tegmina with
rather more than basal half
granulose and rugose, a some-
what prominent tubercle on
clavus, apical area smooth w^ith
the veins elevated and promi-
nent ; tip of face at anterior
margin of head black; anterior legs strongly granulose, inter-
mediate and posterior tibiae strongly grooved. "
Length inch tegm. $ 15 millim.
Hah. Assam; Dikrang Vallev {Coll. Dist.).

Fig. 120. — Eleazara eedificahira.

BYTHOSCOPIN.^:. 183

Subfam. II. BYTHOSCOPIN^.

Bythoscopidse, Du/irii, Catal. Hem. p. 84 (1859) ; Van Duzee, Ent.

Amer. v, p. 165 (1889) ; id. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xix, p. 296

(1892).
Bythoscopides, Sahlh. Not. Fenn. xii, n. s. p. 08 (1871).
Bythoscopina, Bery, Hem. Aryent. p. 276 ( 1879).
Bythoscopini, ruto)i, Cat. He?n. Pal. p. 77 (1886) ; Melich. Horn.

Faun. Ceylon, p. 14(i (1903).
Ao-alliinae, JS^irk. Hep. Exj). Stat. Haw. Plant. Assoc, pt. ix, p. 345

'(1906).

Ocelli on the face below the anterior edge of the head ; vertex
narrow and confounded with the front, or apparently wanting,
the head being entirely deflexed ; tegraina membranaceous or
slightly thickened.

The Bythoscopinse are readily recognized by the above characters
and scarcely any other diagnosis is necessary.

As regards the habits of the Bythoscopinje, and indeed of other
Jassids, Prof. Ball of the Utah Agricultural College, U.S.A.,
makes some signiiicant remarks : — " In giving food-plant records it
seems desirable to distinguish those records that are the result of
repeated observation, or made under circumstances that admit of
slight chance for error, from those that are based on accidental
occurrence of one or more specimens upon some given plant. The
adults of most all of our leaf-hoppers fly very readily and are often
found on plants adjacent to tlie one they feed upon, especially
after a sweep net has been vigorously used in the neighbourhood.
And too often there is no means of knowing whether the record
is the result of one accidental specimen or the summation of a
life-history study."

Synopsis of Genera.

A. Upper apical or post-costal cell of tegmina of

ordinary size.

a. Ocelli on the face between the eyes.

a. Ocelli placed nearer to eyes than to each

other.
a' Front (including face) about as long as
broad.

a^. Tegmina with four apical cells .... Idiocerus, p. 184.

b'. Tegmina with three apical cells . . Balocha, p. 189.
b'. Front (including face) short and broad. Bythoscopus, p. 190.

b. Ocelli placed as near to each other as

to eyes.
a . Scutellum very long and broad, longer

than pronotum and vertex together . Chunra, p. 193.
b' . Scutellum about as long or a little

shorter than pronotum Agallia, p. 194.

b. Ocelli on front just beneath the anterior

margin of the vertex ; scutellum not more

than half as lon^- as pronotum Mooxia, p. 197.

B. Upper apical or po.st-co.stal cell of tegmina

very large and broad ... Busoxia, p. 198.

184 JASSID^.

Geuus IDIOCEEUS.

Idiocerus, Letvis, Trans. Ent. Soc. i, p. 47 (1836) ; Fieh. Rev. Mag.
Zool. (3) iii, p. 387 (1875) ; Van Diizee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxi,
p. 2G0 (1894); Osb. ^- Ball, Proc. Davcnp. Ac. Nat. Sci. vii,
p. 124 (1898) ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 146 (1903).

Type, I. adustus, H.-S., a Palsearctic species.

Distribution. Nearctic, Palseai'ctic and Oriental Eegions. Pro-
bably much more widely distributed.

Osboru and Ball in their review of the North American species
of Idiocerus have so clearly diagnosed the genus that tbeir
description may be well reproduced.

" The members of this genus are easily recognized by their large
size, broad short heads, the eyes exceeding the pronotum in width,
which in turn exceed that of the narrow apices of the folded
tegmina, giving the insects a wedge-shaped appearance. The
vertex is short and parallel-margined, rounding in front to the
face ; ocelli on the face between the eyes, just above the origin of
the frontal sutures ; the male antenuje usually bear a disc-like
swelling near the tip, this is wanting, however in a few of the
European and a number of the American species ; the tegmina are
usually longer than the abdomen and rather narrowly folded
behind; there is but one transverse nervure betv^-een the sectors
and that is often wanting in /. cratcegi* four apical and three
anteapical cells being the typical number ; the tegmina always
possess a distinct appendix and the supernumerary cell is present
in the wings."

According to Osborn and Ball, " as far as known all the species
are two-brooded, the adults hibernating and depositing eggs in
spring. In the case of cdtematus * the eggs are placed near the
tip of the younger twigs, usually several in a place, often causing
distortion or death to the part."

In ' Indian Museum Notes,' vol. i, no. 1, p. 4, Mr. Gollan, of
the Botanical Gardens at Saharanpur, gives particulars as to the
habits of three species which were subsequently identified as
/. clypealis, JjQth., niveosparus, Leth.,and atlinsoni, Leth. "They
are found upon the mango all summer, but do most harm when
the trees are in flower by damaging the reproductive organs, and
thus causing interference with the setting of the fruit. I have
tried mixtures of soap, tobacco, sulphur, kerosine diluted with
milk, &c. upon them, but without noticeable effect. We have not
had many of them this year (18S8?), but there are a few upon
some of the trees and quite sufficient of them to experiment with.
Last year, and the year before, we had them in myriads, and both
these seasons we had light crops of fruit, but this year a fine crop
has set, and this I attribute to the comparative absence of these
insects."

A Nearctic species.

lUIOCKRUS.

185

2397. Idiocerus niveosparsus, Letli. J. A. S. B. Iviii, p. 252 (1889) ;
Atkins. Ind. ^Itis. X<jfes, i, no. I, p. •'j (1889) ; id. torn. cit.
no, iv, p. 187, t. xii, f. 6 (1891) ; id. J. A. S. B. Ixxii, pt. ii, p. 7
(1903).
Idiocerus basalis, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 147 (1903).

Vertex of head and face ochraceous, the former with darker
suffusions on each side of a central pale line, the latter with two
discal oblong piceous-brown spots ; pronotiun dull virescent with
darker spots and markings, paler near outer angles ; scutellum
pale ocliraceous, with three basal black spots, the central trans-
verse, the lateral angular, behind the central two very small spots
and a similar spot on each lateral margin ; sternum transversely

Fig. 121. — Idiocerus nivcosparsics.

spotted with black and the anal segment of that colour ; legs
ochraceous, apices of the posterior tibite black ; tegmina bronzy
subhyaline, the veins ochraceous or piceous ; costal area to about
middle ochraceous, following this an elongate costal piceous spot
and a similar spot near apex, between these spots is a hyaline space
and a transverse subbasal greyish fascia ; venation as in figure.

Length J 4 to 41 ; $ 5 to 5g millim.

-aV/6. Saharanpur (Gollan) ; Calcutta (Ind. Mus.) ; Madras
(Mus. Hongrois) ; Bombay Prov., Jalalpur (Lefro)/). Ceylon ;
Peradeniya (Jide MelicJiar); Pattipola (2Ius. Hongrois).

I am indebted to Dr. Horvath for the opportunity of figuring
the form described by Melichar as 1. hasalis, from which the above
description has been taken. The figui-e given in the ' Ind. Mus.
Notes,' supra, is none too faithful. The species is variable in
markings ; in some specimens the scutellum has the central basal
transverse spot as here figured, in others this spot is more elongate
and extending to about middle of scutellum ; the face is often
unicolorous with the oblong piceous spots absent.

" This Jassid may in most years be found in swarms in mango
topes in Pebruary, March, and April. It subsists by sucking out
the juices from the young flower shoots of the mango. This insect
is one of the most serious of our mango pests." {H. W. Peal.)

186 JASSlDiE.

2398. Idiocerus fasciolatus, sp. u.

Vertex and proiiotiini greyish ; vertex with two oblique central
testaceous stripes and two black spots at anterior margin ;
pronotum with two curved discal testaceous stripes and four black
spots, one near each lateral angle and two on anterior margin ;
scutellum suffused with pale testaceous, a black spot near each
basal angle and two piceous spots on disk ; head beneath pale
ochraceous, a transverse testaceous fascia, which is deflected on
each side, between eyes and beneath this fascia two black spots
with pale centres, posterior margins of face and the clypeus black ;
body beiieath and legs pale ochraceous ; tegmina pale bronzy sub-
hyaline, the veins fiiscous, costal margin to near middle and a
basal transverse fascia stramineous ; near middle of costa is a
linear black spot and a small spot of the same colour at apex ;
posterior costal area hyaline.

Length 4 to 4| millim.

Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta {Doherty).

In some specimens the vertex is without the testaceous stripes
and black spots, both being replaced by a large but very obscure
pale fuscous transverse spot.

2399. Idiocerus atkinsoni, Leth. J. A. S. B. Iviii, p. 252 (1889) ;
Atkins. Ind. Mus. Notes, i, no. i, p. 6 (1889) ; id. torn. cit. no. iv,
p_. 187 (1891).
? Idiocerus quiuquepunctatus, Melich. Hojn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 146
(1903).

c? and 5 . Elongate, flavescent ; vertex infuscate in middle,
with a basal spot and two spots on anterior nuirgiu black ; head
beneath 3'ellow with a small black spot ou each side of face at
base ; clypeus yellow, with a small median black longitu.dinal line
and with minute lateral fuscous striae ; pronotum yellow, its disk
fuscous, a narrow median darker fuscous longitudinal line and two
black spots near anterior margin ; scutelluni with a ti'iaugular
black spot near each basal angle and with a central narrow fuscous
streak dilated anteriorly and posteriorly, a small fuscous spot on
each side of its posterior termination : tegmina verypale ochraceous,
subhyaline, veins fuscous, posterior costal area hyaline, costal
margin ochraceous ; body beneath and legs yellow, two black spots
on disk of prosternum, legs sometimes streaked with fuscous.

Length 4| to 5 milHm.

Hah. Bengal ; Buliganj, Calcutta {Ind. Mus.) ; Manickganj, Pusa
(Lefroy); Bomha.y (Dia'on) ; iiurat (Lefroy). Ceylon; Peradeniya?
{Jide Meliclmr).

I have carefully studied Melichar's description of his I. quin-
quejnmctatiis, founded on a single 5 specimen, and 1 cannot
separate it from /. atkinsoni, Leth.

IDIOCKEUS,

187

2400. Idiocerus clypealis. Leth. J. A. S. B. Iviii, p. 252 (1889) ;
Atkins. Lid. Mus. Notes, i, no. i, p. 5 (1889) ; id. torn. cit.
no. IV, p. 187 (1891).
Idiocerus nigroclypeatiis, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 148, t. v,
f. 1, a, b (1903).

Head, pronotum and scutellum flavescent ; vertex with two
black spots on anterior margins wliich are, however sometimes
absent ; face immaculate or with two small black median spots ;
clypeus flavescent with a central longitudinal black fascia, this also
is sometimes absent ; scutellum with an obtusely triangular black

Fig. Vll. — Idiucerus clypealis.

spot near each basal angle ; tegmiua very pale ochraceous, the
veins concolorous, the posterior costal area broadly hyaline ; body
beneath and legs pale yellow, a somewhat large black spot on each
side of prosternum.

Length 3| to 4 millim.

Hah. Bengal; Calcutta {Ind. Mus.); Pusa {Lefroi/); Madras
(IIus. Hongrois). (Ceylon ; Peradeniya {Green), Colombo {fide
Melichar).

Although this small species is not always to be distinguished by
the markings of the clypeus as the experience of Lethierry
compelled him to assume, it is in its other markings clearly
recognizable.

2401. Idiocerus scutellatus, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum and scutellum ochraceous ; basal margin of
scutellum united with a triangular spot at each basal angle, black ;
head beneath and clypeus ochraceous, the latter with a black spot ;
body beneath and legs ochraceous ; a black spot on each side of
sternum between the anterior and intermediate coxae and a

1S8 .TASSIB.E.

transverse black spot at base of anal segment; tegmiua pale
bronzy, tlie veins darker, the costa oehraceous, inwardly margined
with brown.

Length inch tegm. 4 millim.

Hah. Calcutta {Atlinson Coll., Brit. Mus.).

The British Museum possesses three examples of this species
which is allied to I. chipealis, Leth. It remains to be proved
whether it is only an extreme variety of that species, though I do
not think it can be, or at least T do not feel justified in treating
it as such.

2402. Idiocerus unimaculatus, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 149

(1903).

" Similar to /. nigrodypeatxis ( = chjpeaJis) in form and size ;
border waxy-yellow, tegmiua brownish ; vertex four times as
broad as in the middle, long in front, broadly arched, without
markings ; face strongly convex, pale yellow, almost translucent ;
ocelli small, clear ; antenna) pale yellow; eyes large, greyish-white ;
pronotum three times as long as vertex and like it of a wax-yellow
colour, on the surface diffusely tinted with greyish-brown ; ocelli
wax-yellow, with a large i-ound black dot occupying the intermediate
space between the base and the transverse line ; tegmina brownish,
with somewhat paler veins, at base of clavus an opaque, swollen,
greenish-yellow spot, tip of second apical cell dark brown, outer
terminal cell triangular ; wings hyaline with brown veins ; pectus
and abdomen beneath pale yellow ; back dark brown ; legs pale
yellow, at inside end of front tibia) a black dot ; all the claws
bro wn ." {Melichar.)

" Length 6 4 milhm."

Hah. Ceylon ; Peradeniya {fide Melkliar).

I do not know this species.

2403. Idiocerus Siibopacus, Motsch. (Idiocerus ?) Etud. Ent. 1859,

p. 110; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 149 (1903).

" Subelongate ; posteriorly attenuated ; thickly punctate ;
cinereously opaque ; front posteriorly, thorax medially, a bilobed
spot to scutellum, and interstitial veins infuscate, somewhat
piceous; head broad, anteriorly seinilunately excised ; ocelli sub-
approximate to the margin of the thorax ; eyes subprominent ;
thorax transversely ovate, laterally subtruncate, anteriorly trans-
versely spotted, ' suhdiademata dilutiora ' ; scutellum triangular,
rugosely punctate, the apex acute, palely testaceous ; tegmina
more than twice as long as broad, anteriorly punctate, posteriorly
subreticulate, veins elevated." {Motsclmlsky .)

" Long. Ijf lin., lat. | hn."

Hah. Ceylon.

I do not know this species, but Melichar has identified it with
a female specimen which he received from Heuaratgoda.

BALOCHA.

189

2404. Idiocerus astutus, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 150 (1903).

" A small species ; perfectly unicolorous, greenish-yellow,
locally more pale green or yellow to rusty yellowish ; eyes
brown ; face paler yellow, not marked ; ocelli small, vitreous ;
tegmina hyaline, slightly brownish-yellow with a weak golden
shining lustre, veins delicate, not prominent, somewhat darker
than the ground-colour, at tip of clavus a brown spot and the
apical tip of the tegmina with a piceous longitudinal spot ; wings
hyahue, vitreous ; body beneath and legs pale yellow or greenish-
yellow." (Melichar.)

" Length c? 4 millim."

Hah. Ceylon ; Henaratgoda (fide Melicliar).

Have not been able to identify any specimeu 1 have received
from Ceylon with the above description.

Genus BALOCHA, nov.

Type, B. tricolor^ Dist.

Distribution. British India and Malaya.

Vertex broad, transverse, short, anteriorly convexly rounded ;
ocelli placed on the face between the eyes, nearer to eyes than to
each other, clypeus a little broadened posteriorly, its iipex truncate ;
pronotum longer than vertex, about as long as scutellum, anterior
margin convex, posterior margin truncate ; scutellum subtrian-
gular ; legs of moderate length, posterior tibiaj strongly spinulose ;
tegmina much longer than abdomen, costal margin convex, apical
areas three, apical margin convex.

2405. Balocha tricolor, sp. n.

Vertex and face orange-yellow, base of vertex between eyes

Fiff. 123. — Balocha tricolor.

virescent ; pronotum with the anterior area bright testaceous, the
posterior area and lateral margins virescent; scutellum bright

190 JASSID^.

testaceous ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; tegmina with
the apical area pale fuliginous with a black apical spot, the costal
area to a little beyond middle broadly orange-yellow, claval area
testaceous red, its inner margin virescent and again outwardly
margined with testaceous red ; eyes piceous.

Length inch tegm. 4 millim.

Hab. Tenasseriui ; Myitta (Doheriy).

Genus BYTHOSCOPUS.

Bytlioscopus, Germ, in iiilbenn. Rev. Ent. i, p. 180 (1833) ; Lewis,
Tr. E. S. i, p. 48 (1836) ; Fieb. Verh. z.-b. qes. Wien, xviii,
pp. 4.50-458 (1868) ; id. liev. Mag. Zool. (3) iii, p. 389 (1875) ;
Kirk. Rep. Exp. Stat. Haiv. Plant. Assoc, pt. ix, p. 345 (1906).

Batracbomorphus, Leiois, Tr. E. S. \, p. 51 (1836).

Stragania, Stdl, Rio Jan. Hem. ii, p. 49 (1858).

Pacbyopsis, Uhler, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sf Geogr. Sarv. iii, p. 466
(1877) ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 152 (1903).

Macropsis, Ball (part.) Pstjche, ix, pp. 128-30 (1900) ; Van Duzee
(part.), Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xxi, p. 256 (1894).

Gargaropsis, Foiol. Biol. C'e7itr.-Am., Rhynch. Horn, ii, p. 167 (1896).

Type, B. lanio, Linn., a Paltearctic species.

Distribution. Probably almost universal.

The following is Dr. Uhler's careful description of this genus,
which he renamed Pachyopsis: —

" Broad and robust ; head from above very short, bluntly
rounded, including the eyes a little wider than the pronotura, the
vertex and front confounded in a common convexity in both
diameters ; ocelli on a line with the middle of the eyes, large and
placed remotely from each other ; front short and broad, promin-
ently and abruptly raised above the level of the cheeks and
epistoma ; epistoma flat, almost as wide as long, short and broad,
the end truncated, and the sides a very little oblique, or very
feebly sinuated; antennae short, the basal joint short, very thick,
rounded, the four following joints very short, narrow, tapering,
the apical one vA'ith a short, oblique bristle ; outer cheeks Aery
broad, curving bluntly to concur with the tip of the epistoma;
inner cheeks wider, a little longer than the epistoma with the
inner margin oblique and the outer margin curving interiorly and
making an acute tip ; pronotum transverse, of medium length ;
the posterior margin feebly concave, the postero-lateral margins
oblique, with the angles a little rounded ; tegmina moderately
long, not valvate, narrowing towai'ds the tip, the tip narrow and
obliquely rounded, inner nuirgin straight and the costal margin
broadly arcuated ; nervui'es straight, the outer one acutely forked
near the base and its two branches each forking on the last third
of the corium, apical cells short, the middle are shortest, quad-
rangular, the next outer one almost twice as long as the former,
the next inner one widening posteriorly and of the same length as
the outer, the outer marginal apical cell much longer than the
other and showing a tendency to reticulation, the inner marginal

BYTHOSCOPUS.

191

apical cell a little longer than the one next outward, acute at tip ;
anterior tibiae with close long bristles, posterior ones with long,
stout spines."

Stmgania was originally treated by Stal as a subgenus of
Gupona ; in his ' Hemiptera Mexicaua,' he placed it as a distinct
genus after Oiipona, a course in which he was followed by Fowler
(1903), who was evidently unaware that Van Duzee (1894) had
rightly placed it in the Eythoscopinso, though in the genus
Meter 02'>sis. Oagaropsis was originally placed by Fowler in the
Membracidse. Paclujopsis was quite recognized by Uhler as allied
to Biithoscopus. Kirkaldy states (Rep. Exp. Stat. Haw. Plant.
Assoc, pt. ix, p. 345) that in 1900 he was the first to point out
that Lewis had fixed the type of B>jt7ioscopus as lanio. This
requires correction — (1), 1900 as the date of Kirkaldy's note is an
error, it should be 1901 (Entomologist, xxxiv, pp. 339-40);
(2), Germar fixed his ow-n type, as can be seen by a reference to
the description (too short) of his genus, w'here the first species
which he includes is Jassus lanis, Fabr., a inisprint for /. lanio,
Linn.

^:t

240(;. Bythoscopus clllorophana, Melich. (Pacbyopsis) Hom. Faun.
Ceiilon, p. 15y (1903).

Head, pronotum, scutellum, body beneath tind legs stramineous;

tegmina pale ochraceous, with a
minute piceous spot at apex of
clavus antl the apical costal area
subhyaline ; disk of pronotum
distinctly finely transversely
striate ; scutellum obscurely sub-
foveate near each basal angle, an
arcuate, subaugulate, impressed
transverse line before apical area ;
teginina sparingly, obscurely,
somewhat coarsely punctate ;
eyes piceous or testaceous ; ocelli
red.

Length incl. tegm. c? 4, $
4|-5 millim.

Hah. Bengal ; Calcutta ; Pusa

{Lefroy). Ceylon ; Peradeniya, Negombo, Putalam {Mas. Hon-

grois). Teuasserim ; Myitta {Doherty).

A cotype from the Budapest Museum is here figured.

2407. Bythoscopus piceatus, sp. u.

$ . Pale ochraceous ; pronotum (excluding anterior and lateral
areas) and the whole of the scutellum piceous-biack.

Allied to B. clilorophana, but in addition to the great colour
differences the pronotum is much more strongly transversely
striate ; the tegmina are rather more subhyaline at their costal

Fig. 124. — B[/thoscoptcs chlorophana.

192

JASSID^.

apical area and the posterior angles of the pronotum a little more
acute.

Length inch tegm. 5 millim.

11 ab. Ceylon; Peradeniya ((^rem).

2408. Bythoscopus pulvereus, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, scutellum, hody beneath and legs pale
ochraceous ; pronotum somewhat thickly speckled with "fuscous
and with a central pale longitudinal line; scutellum thickly
speckled with fuscous, the speckles darker than on pronotum";
tegmina pale subhyaline, thickly speckled with fuscous, the margins
very narrowly ochraceous ; wings hyaline ; tarsal claws black ;
face with two small central black spots before apical margin ;
clypeus with two central longitudinal black lines ; pronotum very
finely transversely wrinkled, the central line levigate; posterior
tibias thickly and somewhat longlv spinulose.

Length excl. tegm. 3 ; exp. tegm. 10 millim.

Eah. Bengal {Coll. Dist.).

u.

2409. Bythoscopus rubrofrontalis, sp.

Dull ochraceous ; vertex pale testaceous ; arcuated anterior and
lateral areas of pronotum pale ochraceous, containing irregular
castaneous spots, more strongly so on each side and much more
faintly centrally ; scutellum with a slightly darker spot at each
basal angle ; face transversely striate, only slightly medially

Fig. 125. — BijfhoscopHsruhrofronfalis.

interrupted ; ocelli and eyes testaceous ; vertex with a faint
central longitudinal ridge ; pronotum behind vertex moderately
excavate, its disk finely tr;i.nsversely wrinkled ; scutellum slightly
foveate at each basal angle, discally transversely wrinkled ; tegmina
sparingly punctate.

Length incl. tegm. 5| millim.

Hah. Himalayas ; Kotagiri {Atlinson Coll., Brit. Mus.).

CnUNRA.

193

Genus CHUNRA, nov.

Type, C. puncticosta. Walk.

Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Eegions.

Vertex very short and broad, with eyes distinctly broader than
pronotum ; face narrowed between eyes, the ocelli about as near
to each other as to eyes and placed a little below middle of eyes,
which are obliquely long and narrow and extend along the lateral
margins of the pronotum ; pronotum twice as long as vertex, the
posterior margin concavely sinuate ; scutellum very long and
broad, longer than pronotum and vertex together, transversely
impressed before apical area, which is moderately raised, the apical
margin broadly subacute ; legs modei"ately slender, the posterior
tibiae thickly spinulose ; tegmina with the clavus posteriorly
broadened to middle and then angularly narrowed to tiie claval
apex, apical areas four, the upper or postcostal area short and
moderately broad ; wings ample.

2410. Chunra pimcticosta. Walk. (Jassus) Joum. Linn. Sac, Zool. x,
p. ;i24 (I8t)9).
Jassus latifrons, Walk. torn. cit.

Ochraceous, more or less mottled and spotted with brownish ;
pronotum with three longitudinal brownish waved fascise on eacli
side, its central area minutely spotted with the sauie coloui' ;
scutellum with four large brownish basal spots, the two outer-
most posterioi'ly angulate, the two centi-al spots subquadrate.

Fig. 126. — Chunra pimcticosta.

two piceous spots on each lateral margin, the first central, the
other near apex ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous, minutely
spotted and mottled with brownish ; abdomen above bro\\nish ;
tegmina subhyaline with a pale ochraceous tint, costal area
ochraceous spotted with black, veins brown, many, especially in
claval and apical areas, frequently interrupted, a few pale spots on
apical margin which is slightly infuscate (the artist has failed

TOL. IT. o

194 JASSIDJE.

to show these adequately in the figure) ; wings subhyaline, with a
very slight fuliginous tint, the veins brown.

Length excl. tegm. d" 4 millim. ; exp. tegm. 9 millira.

Hob. Tenasserim ; Myitta {Doherty). — Malay Archipelago ;
Morty ( Wallace, Brit. Mus.).

Genus AGALLIA.

Agallia, Curtis, Ent. May. i, p. lt>a (18:33) ; Fieb. Rev. el Mag. Zool.
(3) iii, p. 390 (1875) ; J^an Duzee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxi, p. 262
(1894) ; Osb. ^ Ball, Proc. Daven^). Acad. Nat. Sci. vii, p. 45
(1898) ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 150 (1903).

Type, A. punctlceps, Germ., a Palseaix-tic species.

Distribution. Nearctic, Pala3arctie and Oriental Regions.

Osboru and Ball (supra) have so fully described this genus that
I copy their diagnosis : —

" Head (together with the eyes) wider than tegmina at base ;
vertex transverse, crescentiform ; ocelli on the face between the
eyes ; antennae long, inserted under a feeble ledge, their bases
partly visible, clypeus longer than wide, nearly rectangular ; face
as long or longer than width across eyes ; pronotum long, anterior
margin strongly rounding and extending forward below the eyes,
side margin short or obsolete ; tegmina without an appendix, five
apical and three subapical cells, second transverse nervure some-
times present ; marginal nerve of wing continued around apex,
forming a supernumerary cell. In the Nearctic species colour
varying from whitish to dark fuscous, scarcely ever more than a
trace of I'ed, yellow or green, two round black spots on vertex
rarely wanting."

The above writers state that in the North -American species of
Agallia the males are invariably smaller and darker than the
females. They are all single-brooded so far as known, the larvae
being usually found in the rubbish on the ground around the base
of their respective food-plants, from which they emerge to feed.

There is a considerable disparity in the general appearance of
some of the species in this genus.

2411. Agallia plotina, sp. n.

S . Vertex, pronotum and scutellum ochraceous ; eyes and a
small elongate spot at each basal angle of scutellum fuscous ;
body beneath and legs ochraceous, some lateral spots (sometimes
fused) to sternum piceous ; tegmina fuscous, the claval area
inwardly brownish-ochraceous, its outer area stramineous ; apex
and costal margin paler.

5 . Tegmina more uniformly fuscous-brown, the claval area
only pale ochraceous at base of outer margin and apex.

Pronotum somewhat coai'sely transversely Avrinkled, slightly
granulose at lateral areas ; scutellum a little centrally transversely

AGALLIA.

195

foveate on basal margin ; tegmiual veins outside claval area robust
and prominent.

Length 2 & cJ 3 millim.

Hah. Calcutta {lad. Mas. Sf Coll. Dlst.).

Fig. 127. — Agallia plotina, cf.

The above description is based on four carded specimens, which
condition renders the description of the body beneath a very
difficult undertaking.

2412. Agallia atrovenosa, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 152 (1903).

Fig. 128. — Agallia atrovenosa.

Head, pronotum and scutellum obscure ochraceous ; vertex
with two large quadrate black spots on disk ; pronotum with two

o2

196 JASSIByE.

broad irregular discal longitudinal black fascia?, which are united
at anterior margin : scutelluni with the base piceous and two
small dark discal foveate spots; face and clypeus black, the
former with an anterior central ochraceous spot ; body beneath
black, the abdominal segmental margins and the anal segment
pale liiteous, the latter with two small piceous spots ; legs dull
ochraceous, femora more or less streaked with piceous ; apices of
tarsi piceous ; tegmina pale ochraceous, the veins broadly black,
claval area ochraceous, with basal and broad longitudinal black
fascia? united at base.

Length inch tegm. 4| millim.

Hah. Ceylon ; Newara-Eliya, Pattipola (Jf?/s. Hongrois).

Dr. Horvath has kindly enabled me to figure this species.

2413. Agallia biplagiata, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 150 (1903).

" llusty yellow-brown ; vertex broad, three times as broad as in
middle long, anteriorly very obtusely angulated, rounded towards
the face, almost humped, tinely and thickly punctured, with two
large black spots, which are as far apart from each other as from
eyes; in the $ the two spots are smaller and brown, between the
spots a brownish middle line which is continued on the face ; face
above broad, narrowed to clypeus, moderately arched, thickly
punctured, on each side a curved row of short brownish dashes or
streaks, antennal pits black ; antenute rusty yellow ; clypeus
somewhat long, quadrangular, rusty yellow ; in the $ the pattern
of the face is very indistinct and appears nearly uuicolorous, but
the antennal pits and the tip of clypeus are always dark ; prouotum
twice as long as vertex, arched in front, nearly straight behind,
with deep impressions on the upper surface near the anterior
margin, forming a transverse series posteriorly to the hiiid margin,
strongly transversely wrinkled ; pronotum in $ rusty-yellow,
in the J rusty-yellow in front \\ith a small black spot in the
middle of the anterior margin, the hinder half of the pronotum
more or less suffused dark brown ; scutellum small, rusty-yellow,
with brown in J or rusty-yellow in 5 triangles in the basal
angles, betv^een which at the base are two short longitudinal
streaks mostly united into a longitudinal spot, in the middle a
deep transverse line ; tegmina parchment-like, rounded-off behind
and covering the tip of the abdomen, with strongly thickened
veins ; the tegmina dark brown in c5" , costal margin, tips, claval
suture and terminal border paler, so that each tegmen looks as if
it was provided with a broad longitudinal streak, widened behind
and suffused at apex ; in the $ the tegmina are mostly rusty-
yellow, only the veins partially darker ; wings smoky-brown with
dark brown veins ; pectus and abdomen in $ rusty -yellow, above
brown, in J dark brown, middle of abdomen beneath rusty-
brown ; legs rusty -yellow, the apices of the femora generally

MOONIA. 197

spotted and the tibi?c longitudinally striped, all the claws brown."
(^Melicliar.)

"Length, 6 2^-2^ millim., ? 2|-3 millim."

Hah. Ceylon ; Peradeniya {fide Alelichar).

2414. Agallia quadrinotata. Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 151
(190:J).

" Body more slender and longer than in hiplagiata, resembling
the European A. sinuata, M, & il. in form and size, with four
black round spots, two on the vertex further from each other
than from eyes, and two which are rather larger and rather more
widely separated on the prouotum near the posterior margin ;
face yellowish with very suffused markings on the forehead,
so that a paler middle line is apparent, which on upper end is
strongly narrowed, usually interrupted and similar to a reversed
note of interrogation, in antennal cavities is a black transverse
spot which is lengthened on cheeks nearly to the eyes ; ' zugel '
semicircular, the cheek veined, suture black ; clypeus somewhat
long, unspotted ; prouotum more than three times as long as
vertex, towards front strongly produced and rounded, behind
flatly concave, on surface arched, flnely and transversely streaked,
behind the black spots a brownish longitudinal line, truncated
before and behind, is usually visible ; scutellum at base as far as
the second transverse line rustv-brown ; behind the transverse
line to tip paler ; tegmina somewhat long, their apices extending
far beyond abdominal apex, brownish-yellow, towards costa paler,
with dark longitudinal veins ; membrane dirty smoky-brown with
dark veins ; pectus and abdomen yellowish, the latter brownish
above; legs yellowish, with all the claws black." {Melicliar.)

"Lengtii 'S $ 3-4 millim."

Hah. Ceylon ; Peradeniya {fide Melicliar).

Genus MOONIA, nov.

Type, M. sancita, Dist.

Distribution. British Iiidia.

Vertex very short, much shorter at middle than on lateral areas,
where it is somewhat broadly and deeply grooved ; ocelli placed
on front just beneath the anterior margin of the vertex, nearer to
each other than to eyes ; basal area of head grooved beneath ; face
somewhat small, a little longer than broad, rounded anteriorly; pro-
uotum somewhat gibbous, foveately depressed on each lateral area,
linely centrally longitudinally carinate, posterior latei'al margins
oblique, anterior margin moderately produced and rounded,
posterior margin nearly straight ; scutellum small, about half the
length of prouotum, triangular, transversely ridged near base;
tegmina moderately broad, passing apex of abdomen, costal
margin rounded, veins coarse and prominent, apical veins five;

198

JASSID.E.

legs somewhat short; posterior tibife grooved, shortly thickly
finely spinulose.

I 'have further alluded to the position of this genus wheu
describing Mesargus, Melich. farther on.

2415. Moonia sancita, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, soutellum, body beneath and legs ochraceous ;
eyes black; face with two small dark spots just beneath the
ocelK ; vertex coarsely sparingly punctate ; pronotum wrinkled,

Fig. 129. — Moonia sancita.

punctate, finely centrally longitudinally carinate, laterally foveate
behind eyes ; seutellum with a transverse ridge near base, the
lateral margins ridged for about halfway from base ; tegmina
pale greyish-brown, the veins robust, spotted with brown, an
indistinct greyish-white transverse fascia before middle ; wings
very pale fuliginous, the veins piceous ; abdomen above black,
the lateral margins more or less ochraceous.

Length incl. tegm. 4| raillim.

Hah. Northern India ; Mussoorie (Bi'unetti, Ind. Mus.).

Genus BUSONIA, uov.

Type, B. amentata, Dist.

Distribution. British India.

Vertex short, broad, transverse, with eyes slightly broader than
the pronotum ; ocelli situate on the face between the eyes and
very much nearer to the eyes than to each other ; face broad,
about as long as broad, obliquely narrowed from eyes ; clypeus
short and broad ; pronotum slightly longer than vertex, trans-
verse, the lateral margins nearly straight ; seutellum about as
long as pronotum and vertex together, subapically transverselj^
and sublaterally impressed, its apex acute ; legs slender, posterior
tibiae thickly spinulose ; tegmina broad, apical areas four, the
upper or postcostal one very large and broad ; wings broad, their
apices truncate ; venation of both tegmina and wings better
shown than described by the accompanying figure of the type.

BUSOJflA.

199

2416. Busonia amentata, sp. n.

Head, pronotum and scvitelluiu oc-Iiraceous ; lateral and apical
areas of the scute! lum, body beneath and legs stramineous ; face
(excluding apex) suffused with brownish ; abdomen above piceous ;
tegniina pale ochraceous, the costal area black, an apical suffusion

Fi". 130. — Busonia amentata.

piceous, the upper apical or postcostal area hyaline; wings
slio-htly fuliginous ; scutellum a little convex at base, depressed
towards apical area, which with the lateral margins is smooth
and glabrous.

Length escl. tegm. c? & $ 2|-3 millim. ; exp. tegm. 6-6|

millim.

Hah. Assam ; Margherita {Ind. Mus.). Tenasserim ; Myitta

(^Dolierty).

The late Mr. Doherty sent me a series o£ this species from
Tenasserim • all these specimens are constant in colour and
markings.

2417. Macropsis indica, Leth. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1892, p. 209.

" Sordidly flavous, uuicolorous ; vertex short, broad, equally
broad as pronotum ; pronotum and scutellum covered with slender
transverse striations ; tegmina longer than the abdomen, shining,
sparsely punctately impressed.'"' {Letliierrij.)

" Length 6 4 millim."

Hah. Mahe {Deschamps—fide Lethierry).

" Form and sculpture of the European species M. prasina,
Fabr., but a little smaller " {Lethierry).

This species, which I have not seen, was described from a smgle
specimen. It may probably belong to the genus Bythoscopus,
with which Macropsis has been confused by many writers.^ I
therefore can at present only copy the somewhat short description.

200 JASSID^.

Subfam. III. TETTIGONIELLIN^.

Tettigonides, Aint/. ^- Sej'v. Hem. p. 569 (1843) ; Siffn. Ann. Soc. Ent.

Fr. 1879, p. 48.
Proconiida, Stdl, Hem. Fabr, ii, p. 69 (1869).

Tettigoniiic'e, Uhler, Bull. U.S. Geol. S,- Georp: ,S'(<?t. iii, p. 459 (1877).
Tettigoniiua, Berg, Hem. Argent . p. 249 (1879).
Tettigoniui, Puton, Cat. Hem. Pal. p. 79 (1886).
Tettigoiiida}, Van Duzee, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xix, p. 297 (1892).
Tettigoniid^e, Fowler, Biol. Centr.-Am., Phi/nch. Horn, ii, p. 207

(1898).
Tettigoiuellida3, Melich. Wien. ent. Zeit. 1905, p. 298.
Tetio-oniidjTe, Kirk. Hep. Exp. Stat. Haw. Plant. Assoc, pt. ix,

p.^316 (1906).

The Tettigoniellinse are readily recognized by the position of the
ocelli which are placed on the disk of the vertex : the face is large,
prominent, strongly convex ; cheeks long and narrow ; antenor
edge of the head obtuse or rounded.

The question of the name of this subfamily, based on the
alteration of the name Tettujonia to TettijonieUa, is discussed on
pp. 201-2.

Melichar includes in this subfamily the genera Penthimia and
Neodartus, which I follow Van Duzee in locating in the Gyponinge.*
In the Neotropical species ascribed to Tettigonia (TettigonieUa)
it is evident from the figures published that many distinct genera
have still to be described, and a monograph might well be devoted
to the beautiful insects from all parts of the world that are already
known as belonging to the Tettigoniellinae.

>Sijno2:)sis of Genera.

A. Wings a little broader than tegniiua, their
apices rounded.

a. Face neither centrally carinate nor fo-

veate.

a. Lateral margins of vertex in a line with

inner margins of eyes.

a^. Vertex not foveate Tettigoniella, p. 201,

6\ Vertex broadly foveate Bhandara, p. 221.

b. Lateral margins of vertex in a line

with outer margins of eyes Kolla, p. 223.

b. Face centrally carinate.

a. Anterior margin of pronotum not pro-
duced between eyes.
«'. Vertex centrally carinate but not
sulcate.
a'-. Vertex crossed by a more or less
straight ridge from near one
ocellus to the other Euacanthus, p. 227.

* Melichar also iucludes bis genus Pythamus, which I suspect also belongs
to the Gyponinse.

TETTIGONIELL.V. 201

Ir. "Vertex with two oblique oari-
iiatioii'* commencing' at inner
margins of eyes and united a

little before apex Bundkua, p. 228.

C-. Vertex with two tine longitu-
dinal ridges which angularlj^

diverge at base Mainda, p. 229.

i\ Vertex centrally broadly sulcate . . Pisacha, p. 230.
b. Anterior margin of pronotum semi-
circularly rounded and produced be-
tween eyes.
a^. Pronotum subconvex, not ridged. . SiGxN'oretia, p. 232.

6\ Pronotum strongly ridged PKETA,p. 234.

c. Face foveate Atkinsoniella, p. 235.

B. Wings nearly twice as broad as tegmina,

their apices truncate SoibanctA, p. 23G.

Genus TETTIGONIELLA.

Tetigonia, Geoffr. Hist, ahr&j. des I/i6. i, p. 429 (1798-99), uom.

prajocc.
Tettigonia, Sir/n. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 18.53, p. 323 ; StSl, Hem. Fah:

ii, p. 01 (1869) ; Van Duzee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxi, p. 271

(1894).
Tettigoniella, JacoJd, Zool. Jahr. Syst. xix, p. 778 (1904), n. nom.

Type, T. viridis, Linn., a Paltearctic species.

Distribution. Almost universally distributed.

Vertex anterioi-ly convexly or subangularly produced, the
lateral margins in a line with tlie inner margins of the eyes ; face
moderately globose, neither carinate nor foveate, moderately
elongate, lateral areas transversely striate ; pronotum longer than
vertex, the anterior margin more or less convex, posterior margin
truncate ; scutellmn somewhat small, transversely impressed
before the apical area ; tegmina longer than abdomen, apical areas
five ; posterior tibiae longly spinulose.

Kirby (Proc. R. Dublin Soc. vi, p. 580 (1890)), first drew
attention to the fact that the generic name Tettigonia, Linn.
(1758) must be restricted to the Orthoptera, and in his 'Syn. Cat.
Orthop.' ii, p. 212 (1906) he places it iu the family Phasgonuridce.
Kirkaldy has claimed that Tetvjonia, Geoffr. is unused and should
be employed. This claim is untenable for two I'easons: — (1) In
any case Tetigonia is practically synonymous with Tettigonia, and
(2) Geoffroy refers to Eeaumur, who (Mom. v, p. 150) spells the
word Tettigonia, which tends to prove that Geoftroy's name is
only a misprint. Geoffroy also refers his Tetigonia to a small
species which he identifies with Cicada roso', Linn., and procigale,
Keaum., which appears to be the Typhhcyha rasa', auct.

Jacobi has with good reason altered the name Tettigonia to
Tettigoniella, and has in error stated that Geoffroy used 'Tetigonia
for Cicada viridis, Linn., but this species may nevertheless be
accepted as the type of 'Tettigoniella. Kirkaldy has now added to
the confusion he previously created by stating (Canad. Ent.

202 .TAS&IDJE.

xxxix, p. 249) that, if iisod, Teitigoniella must fall before Cicadella
(Latr. 1817).

Cicadella, Latr., is equivalent to the Cicadas ranatro}, Linn.,
including a number o£ •uell-known insects, but not C. viridis,
which is placed in another section and therefore cannot possibly
be taken as the type of Cicadella, Latr., which name may, how-
ever, be used for any species placed by Linnaeus in his section
{supra) which may require a generic name. Kirkaldy's second
proposition is therefore as untenable as his first, and Jacobi's
substituted name clears the medley.

In looking into this unnecessarily complicated question I have
been assisted by the bibliographical erudition of Mr. AV. F. Kirby,
and the above conclusions maj^ be accepted as representing the
views of both of us.

A. Tegmina not longitudinally fasciatc.
a. Pronotum more or less maculate.

2418. Teitigoniella ferruginea, Fabr. (Cicada) Ent. Syst. iv, p. 32

(1794) ; id. Si/sf. I^hi/iu/. p. <i2 (1803) ; Germ. (Tettigonia) Ma(/.

E7it. iv, p. 69 (1821);' Suin. Ann. Sac. Ent. Fr. 1853, j). 076,

t. xxii, f. 5; Walk. List 'Horn. >Suppl. p. 218 (1858) ; Atkins.

J. A. S. B. liv, p. 98 (1855).

Tettigonia apicali.s, Walk. List. Horn, iii, p. 736 (1851).

Tettigonia confiiiis, Walk. torn. cit.

Tettiiionia addita, fj^alk. torn. cit. p. 737.

Tettiaonia peniiiia, JValk. toni. cit.; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 155 (ll'OS).

Tettigonia ob.-cura, Walk. toni. cit. p. 738.

Tettigonia duplex, Walk. torn. cit.

Tettigonia reducta, IValk. torn. cit. p. 739.

Tettigonia longa, JJ'iilk. torn. cit. p. 740.

Tettigonia immaculata, Walk. torn. cit.

Head, pronotum and scutellum ochraceous ; vertex with a
black spot (sometimes divided) at apex and a basal black spot
between the ocelli; face with a transverse black spot (sometimes
divided) before the clypeus ; pronotum with three black spots, one
central near anterior margin and two at base ; scutellum with a
central black spot ; tegmina testaceous, a spot at base and the
apex rather broadly black ; sternum and abdomen beneath piceous ;.
lateral margins of sternum, abdominal segmental margins, and
legs pale ochraceous or stramineous ; apices of femora, bases and
apices of tibiae, apices of tarsi, abdomen above and wings black.

Var. a. Tegmina darker, purplish-red.

Var. h. As in var. a, but the black apical margin to tegmina
preceded by greyish-brown.

Var. c. Apices of tegmina pale brownish -ochraceous.

Var. d. As in var. c, but vertex without spots.

Var. e. As in var. c, but tegmina with a broad subcostal
purplish-red streak beyond middle.

TETTIGONIELLA.

20S

Var./. Head and pronotum spotted as in typical form, but
the tegmiua greenish-stramineous.

Hah. ISr.W. Himalayas ; Mussoorie, Dehra Dun. Kumaon ;
Tindharia, Bhim Tal. Nepal ; Soonddjal, Katmandu. Sikhim ;
Darjiling, Kurseong. Calcutta {Ind. Mus.). Coorg; Polvbetta
{Lefroy). Bombay {Coll. Dist.). Nilgiris {Ilampson). Assam
{Coll. Dist.). Assam ; Margherita {Ind. Mus.), Khasi Hills {Le-
froy). Upper Burma {Thompson), Bhamo {Feci), Kuby Mines
(Doherty). Tenasserim ; Myitta {Doheriy), Mergui {Coll. Dist.).
Malay Peninsula; Perak {Doherty), Pahang {Craddock). Java
{Coll. Dist.). Sumatra. Borneo. China. Japan.

_ Signoret notes that the form of the anal appendage in the female
distinguishes this variable and widely-distributed species. It is
very large, deeply emarginate, covering a great part of the vulvar
plates, more or less round on the sides, and in shape like two
approximated lobes.

The varieties here enumerated only refer to those which I have
seen from British India.

2419. Tettigoniella indistincta, Walk. (Tettigonia) List Horn. iii.
p. 739 (1851).
Tettigonia continis, Walk. List Hotn. iii, p. 745 (1851).
Tettigonia albidicans, JValk. Ins. Saund., Horn. p. 96 (1858) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. B. l\, p. 198 (1886).

Head, pronotum and scutellum ochraceous; two large spots on
vertex, one at base the other at apex, three spots on pronotum,

Fig. 131. — TcttigonieUa mdisthicta.

two at base and one at middle of anterior area and a subapical
spot to scutellum black ; head beneath ochraceous, base and apex
of face more or less black, in the form figured (the albidicans.

204 jassid.t:.

AValk.) the black extends as a central longitudinal fascia ; abdo-
men above and beneath black with the segmental margins more or
less ochraceoiis ; sternum and legs ochraceous, the first diseally
spotted with black and the apices of femora, tibiae and tarsi
black; tegmina ochraceous or testaceous, tlieir apices sometimes
piceous, or in some forms, as in the one figured, paler in hue ;
wings black, the apical areas ochraceous.

Length inch tegm. 14 to 15 millim.

Hah. Sjlhet {Brit. Mus.).

The types of T. indhtinda and confinis are nnlocalised ;
T. alhidicans is from Svlhet.

2420. Tettigoniella leopardina, sp. n.

Head, pronotum and scutellum ochraceous with greyish
pubescence ; vertex with five bhick spots, two anterior, two
basal and one central, the latter sometimes much attenuated, in
some specimens there is also a longitudinal streak before the
eyes ; pronotum with three, sometimes five, black spots ; scutel-
lum with four black spots, one at each basal angle, one discal, and
one apical ; face with three bhick spots, one at middle of anterior
margin and two before clypeus, the latter also centrally black ;
body beneath and legs ochraceous, a spot behind each of the
anterior coxje and a double series of spots on each lateral area of
the abdomen beneath (the outermost smaller) black, in some
specimens there is also a central series of black spots ; tegmina
dull testaceous, with a black spot near end of cJavus and the
apical area angularly subhyaline.

Length inch tegm. 12 millim.

Hah. Upper Assam {Coll. Dist.). Tenasserim ; Mjitta {Do-
liertif).

The typical specimen described is from Tenasserim.

2421. Tettigoniella illustris, sp. n.

Head, pronotum rind scutellum ochraceous ; a central basal
subtriangular spot to vertex, two discal spots to pronotum and
large subobconical spots at anterior margin of scutellum, black ;
face with two anterior rouiaded and two posterior lateral sjwts
black : sternum and legs stramineous, sternum diseally spotted
with black ; abdomen mutilated in specimen described ; tegmina
purplish-red, interior claval area and apex pale golden-yellow,
each tegmen with four black spots, one at base and one before
middle of clavus, the outer two situate one before and the other
beyond middle of disk; vertex distinctly transversely foveate.

Var. Tegmina wholly purplish-red, the internal claval area
concolorous.

Length inch tegm. 9 millim.

Hah. Assam (Coll Dist.). Burma ; Euby Mines (Doherty).

TETTIGONIELI.A.

205

2422. Tettigoniella kotagirieiisis, -^p- n-

Head, pronotum and seutelUim pale stramineous, apical half of
vertex purplish-browa, rather more than basal half of pronotum
purplish-brown or testaceous ; vertex with two black spots on
anterior margin (sometimes obliterated) and two rather more
prominent basal spots of the same colour ; pronotum with a
transverse series of four black spots in the anterior pale color-
ation ; scutellura very pale oehraceous, with four fused black spots

Fig. 132. — Tdtigonidla kotagiricnsis.

on basal margin, of which the two central are smaller ; head
beneath testaceous, lateral mai-gius of the face (sometimes broken)
black ; clypeus black : body beneath and legs very pale oehraceous,
basal disk of abdomen black ; tegmina chocolate-brown, apical
area subhyaline, a short basal costal streak which is forked
posteriorly testaceous.

Length excl. tegm. 9| millim.

Hah. Kotagiri {Athinson Coll., Brit. Mus.).

2423. Tettigoniella melichari, n. uom.

Tetti?ouia nibromaculata, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 156
(1903), nom. prajocc.

Dark golden-yellow ; vertex with a large elongate spot before
each eye and a transverse spot at apex, sanguineous, ocelli black ;
pronotum with a transverse arcuate series of four sanguineous
spots ; scutellum with a small obscure basal sanguineous spot
which' is often absent ; face with the anterior margin narrowly
sano-uineous with a small central black spot, the latter sometimes
absent ; tegmina with the apical cells dull greyish, subhyaline ;
vertex large and prominent ; face laterally transversely striate ;

206

JASSIDjE.

pronotura finely, transversely wrinkled, find with a distinct trans-
verse impression a little before anterior margin ; scutellum
transversely impressed before apex.

Fig. 133.—

uiella mclicharl.

Length inch tegm. 7 to 8 niillim.

Bab. Ceylon ; Harogam (Green), Peradeniya (Jlde Melichar).
Teuasserim; Myitta (iJohert)/).

Melichar gives the length of this species as 5 millim. ; all the
specimens in my fairly long series, including a Ceylonese example,
measure as above.

2424. Tettigoniella affinis, sp. n.

Head, pronotura, scutellum, body beneath and legs ochraceous

Fig. \Z4.— Tettigoniella affinis.

pronotum with a discal arcuated transverse series of four purplish-
red spots ; tegmina pale greyish-ochraceous with the veins deep

TEXTIGOXIELLA. 207

bright ochraceous ; lateral marginsi of the vertex oblique, tlie apex
obtusely subangularly produced ; scutellum with an obsolete paler
spot near eacli basal angle, the apical area also a little paler and
preceded by a distinct transverse impression.

Length incl. tegm. 7 milliin.

Hah. Assam ; Margherita.

This species is allied to T. mellcharl, from which it differs by
the more angularly produced and unicolorous vertex, the broad
flattened face &c.

2425. Tettigoniella assaniensis, DU. (Tettigonia) Ent. Month Mag

xvi, p. -203 (1880) ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. Wv, p. 100 (1885).

Head pale yellow, with a black fascia occupying the space
between the ocelli ; proiiotum creamy-white, the lateral margins
carmine and six black spots situate transversely, the two smaller
near anterior margin and the four larger across the disk ; scutellum
pale yellow with three black spots, two basal and one subapical ;
tegmina pale creamy-white, with a broad longitudinal, subcostal
carmine fascia, commencing near base and extending to about the
middle, a black narrow oblique fascia nearly crossing the teo-men
at base and another at commencement of the carmine fascia, and
five dark fuscous spots situate, one at middle of carmine fascia,
three wide apart longitudinally on disk and one at marginal apex
of the coriaceous portion ; wings dark fuscous, with the apical
margins broadly creamy-white ; abdomen above piceous ; body
beneath piceous ; legs luteous, the tarsi ]5iceous ; face orange-
yellow, with a large crescent-shaped black fascia beyond middle
and a small black spot at its anterior margin ; head rounded in
front, much broader than long and transversely channelled on
disk.

Va7\ Vertex of liead stramineous with a bluish-black spot
between the ocelli ; pronotum stramineous, the lateral areas more
or less sanguineous and with four small bluish-black discal spots,
of which two are near anterior margin, and the others, closer
together, near basal margin ; scutellum stramineous, with three
bright black spots, two basal and one apical ; tegmina creamy-
white, costal area for about half the length of tegmen carmine-red,
apical area pale fuscous ; wings dark fuliginous ; body beneath
black ; head beneath, prosternum and legs pale ochraceous ; margins
of face black ; apices of tibiae and tarsi piceous.

Length incl. tegm. 12-13 millim.

Hab. Assam ; Khtisi Hills {Coll. List, cj- Brit. Mus.).

2426. Tettigoniella pythonis, sp. n.

Vertex of head from base to region of eyes greyishly tomentose,
where there is a large central black spot with two small black
spots on each side, anterior area and the eyes pale castaneous, a

20»

.TASSIDvE.

central apical black spot ; face greyish-white, its lateral areas
witli bro^^•nisll transverse ridges, a basal spot, posterior sub-
marginal spots, and cljpeus, black ; pronotum greyishly tomentose,
with three large discal spots and four smaller spots near antei'ior
margin black ; scutelluni testaceous at base, apical area greyish
and with a large discal black spot ; tegmiua testaceous, basal

Fig. 135. ■

- Ttti kjon lei I a fyilion is.

area greyish-white with two black spots, from end of clavus to
near apex of tegmen extending transversely and broadly to anterior
margin the colour is bluish-grey spotted with black, subapical
margins fuscous ; head beneath and sternum greyish ; legs testa-
ceous, anterior tibite, apices of femora and tarsi black ; abdomen
beneath black, the segmental margins broadly ochraceous.

Length incl. tegm. 15 millim.

Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta {Dolierty).

2427. Tettigoniella pavo, St<in. (Tettip-onia) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.
1853, p. 675, t. xxii, f. 4; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 98
(1885).

" Bluish-black ; head rounded, above bluish-black, beneath
yellow with the face and vertex between the eyes depressed ;
pronotum anteriorly somewhat narrow, yellow, with five spots or
patches black, of which three are on the anterior margin, and 1 wo,
corresponding to two on the base of the scutellum, are on the
posterior margin ; tegmina red, brown at the tips and exhibiting
two bluish circles formed of an easily removeable farinose powder,
one of these circles is on the cubital disk near the scutellar angle,
and the other is at the tip, half in the red part of the tegmen ancl
half in the brown tip ; wings brownish ; abdomen bluish-black

TETTIGONIELLA. 209

with tlie margins of the segments beneath, yellow ; anal appendage
as in T. ferruginea ; legs yellow." {Si(jnoret.)

Length 15 millira.

Hab. Bengal {fide Signoret).

I haye not seen this species.

b. Pronotum with transverse fasciate spots.

2428. Tettigoniella semicircularis, Sir/n. (Tettigonia) Anji. Soc. Ent.

Fr. 1853, p. 348, t. x, f. 5; Atkiyis. J. A. S. B, liv, p. 97

(1885).

" Head rounded anteriorly, yellow, with two facial fascia)
united on the clypeus, white ; clypeus and rostrum black ; vertex
with two united half-moons ; a median band, and on each side
two spots, black ; pronotum transverse with two fascia), the
anterior one narrow and sinuated, the posterior fascia broad,
uniting with the first, and on each side between them a transverse
patch, black ; scutellum with a semicircular fascia proceeding from
the base black ; tegmina fuscous, with a farinose powdery sub-
stance, lateral margins transparent ; abdomen black, with the
sides and borders of the segments yellow, exterior margin pale,
bordered with black ; anus white ; legs yellow." (Signoret.)

Lengtli 5 to 6 millim.

Hub. Pondicherry (fide Signoret).

I have not seen this species.

c'. Pronotum centrally palely fasciate.

2429. Tettigoniella Cornelia, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum and scutellum pale brownish ; vertex with a

Fig. 136. — Tettigoniella cornelia.
large central anterior spot, a large spot at inner margin of each

VOL. IT,

2 1 JASSTD.E.

eye, and a spot at area of each ocellus, stramineous, a central
longitudinal and a transverse basal line pale ochraceous, two spots
on anterior margin, a small central discal spot, and the ocelli,
black ; pronotum with three longitudinal fascia? margined with
darker brown, the central one straight and pale ochraceous, the
two lateral curved and stramineous ; scutellum with three longi-
tudinal stramineous fasciae, the central broadest, and an angulate
spot of the same colour at each basal angle : face with two black
spots at anterior margin and another marginal spot of the same
colour before each eye, from these spots extends a dark castaneous
oblique line on each side united posteriorly and longitudinally con-
tinued to base, centre of face longitudinally depressed and pale
greyish ; tegmina purplish, the posterior claval, apical, and basal
costal areas pale ochraceous, costal maigin, veins at basal costal
area, a longitudinal line on apical area and the apical margin,
black ; wings piceous.

Length inch tegm. S millim.

Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta {DolieHy).

2430. Tettigoniella infecta, sp. n.

Pale fuscous-brown ; vertex considerably irrorated with ochra-
ceous markings, particulai'ly at the anterior and posterior margins ;
ocelli black ; head beneath ochraceous with two black spots on
anterior margin, disk of face pale fuscous, centrally ochraceous,
lateral striations fuscous ; pronotum with the posterior margin, a
central longitudinal fascia, and some indistinct markings near
anterior margin, ochraceous; scutellum with two small dark
discal spots and a central longitudinal ochraceous fascia ; body
beneath and legs ochraceous ; tegmina fuscous suffused more or
less with purplish-brown, claval and costal margins usually paler
and more ochraceous ; wings blackish ; head transversely foveate,
the anterior and posterior margins prominently ridged.

Length inch tegm. 7 millim.

Hah. Calcutta {Ind. Mas. c|- Coll. Dist.).

243L Tettigoniella helena, sp. u.

Vertex black, a large central apical spot which is notched
posteriorly, a central elongate angulate central spot at base, four
smaller spots in transverse series across disk, and a small basal
spot before each eye, bright yellow ; face very pale ochraceous,
two elongate black spots at base, the lateral areas piceous with
transverse yellow striae ; pronotum brownish, the lateral and
anterior areas shaded with black, anterior margin (excluding
centre), transverse spots on lateral areas, a broad central longi-
tudinal fascia, and the posterior margin, yellow ; scutellum yellow,
a large angular spot near each basal angle, two small linear spots
at anterior margin, and four small discal spots pale castaneous ;

TETTIGONIELLA.

211

sternam and legs straiuiiieous ; abdomen beneath shaded with
fuscous-brown ; tegmina ochraceous, shaded with fuscous, bhick,
and purplish, clavus basally mottled with fuscous and with a large
elongate black spot in apical area, costal ai'ea fuscous, posterior
half more or less shaded with purplish, basal and apical areas
inf uscate, an elongate h_yaliue costal spot near apex ; face centrally
broadly smooth and flattened, lateral areas narrowly transversely
striate ; vertex depressed on each side at inner margins of eyes.

Length incl. tegm. G| millim.

Hah. Ceylon ; Ivandy {Green).

d. Pronotum unspotted, unicolorous, sometimes tviih a darlcer

central line.

2432. Tettigoniella spectra, nom. n.

Tettigoiiia albida, Sign, {nee Walk.) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1853,
p. 063, t. xxi, f. 3 ; St&l, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 117 (1866) ; Kirk.
Entonwloqist, xxiii, p. 294 (1900) ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 157 (1903) ; Kirk. Eep. Exp. Stat. Haw. Plant. Assoc, pt. ix,
p. 319 (1906).

White with a flavous tint, sometimes altogether very pale
flavous ; vertex witli four black spots, two central — one at base
and apex, and the other two on the lateral margins near basal

Fig. 137. — Tettigoniella spectra.

angles of face ; tegmina with the veins very pale fuscous ; body
beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; face darker, with the lateral
margin, a central line, and the transverse striae pale ochraceous.

Length incl. tegm. 7 to 11 millim.

Hah. Calcutta {Brit. Sf Ind. 31uss.). Sara Ghat {Ind. Mus.).
E. Bengal ; Kajsliai {Ind. Mus.), Pusa, Pupri, and Dacca {Lefroy).
Nepal ; Gowchar {Ind. Mus.). Janakpur {Lefroy). Nagpur,
Surat, Palmau, and Muushigan {Lefroy). Bombay {Di.von).

p2

212 jassiuye.

Ceylon; Peracleniva, Maskeliya {Green). — Xortli Australia {fide
St&l).

" Makes itself a great nuisance, swarming round lamps in the
rooms at night." {E. E. Green.)

"Common at the edge of Tanks. — It is able to walk." {N.
Annandale.)

Walker described two species under the name of Tettigonia
alhida, one from Natal, the other from Mexico ; these are not
congeneric with one another, and both quite distinct from the
species described as above.

2433. Tettigoniella subvirescens, St&l (Tettigonia), Ofv. Vet.-Ak.

Fork. 1870, p. 734.

Vertex of head pale tawny, streaked with greyish on the basal
area, at the middle of which there is an elongate black spot and
three black marginal spots, one apical, the others situate a little
in front of eyes ; pronotnm virescent, somewhat shaded with
tawny on anterior area ; scutellum virescent with a large triangular
darker spot near each basal angle ; body beneath and legs pale
tawny-brown; tegmina rather bright virescent, the apex and inner
area beyond clavus hyaline ; wings fuliginous, their apices paler ;
vertex large, broad and rounded, distinctly striate on each side of
anterior area ; pronotum transversely striate ; scutellum with a
distinct transverse impression before apical area.

Length inch tegm. 10 millim.

Hah. Assam {Brit. 31us.). CalcivLta. Tenasserim ; Myitta
{Doherty). — Philippines.

2434. Tettigoniella amalthea, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, body beneath and legs pale yellowish ; ocelli
piceous ; eyes margined with black ; two minute piceous spots on
anterior margin of face ; clypeus with a central piceous line ;
claws and apical margins to the joints of the posterior tarsi
black ; scutellum lacteous with a slight ochraceous tint ; tegmina
lacteous, a minute black spot at base, costal, posterior, apical and
claval margins very narrowly and indistinctly pale brownish, the
apices of the apical veins of the same colour ; vertex broadly
grooved between the eyes ; scutellum transversely impressed
before the apical area ; face moderately globose and indistinctly
striate on each lateral area.

Length inch tegiii. 6^ millim.

Hab. Ceylon ; Maskeliya (Green).

2435. Tettigoniella bellona, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, scutellum, body beneath and legs pale
saft'rou-yellow ; tegmina golden-yellow, their bases narrowly pale
saffron-yellow ; a prominent black central spot on the anterior

TEXTIGONIELLA. 213

margin oi; vertex ; ocelli slightly testaceous ; vertex slightly longi-
tudinally ridged on each side, broadly obliquely furrowed ; pronotum
with a slight anterior collar ; clavus indistinctly wrinkled ; face
globose, with a narrow central longitudinal impression, the lateral
areas indistinctly transversely striate.

Length inch tegm. 8 millim.

Hah. Nilgiri Hills (//ff;»p60/t). Burma; Euby Mines (X'o/t^^rf//).

Mr. Doherty sent me a single specimen of this distinctly
marked species, and another example was in the collection made
in the Nilgiri Hills by !Sir George Hampson, and which he kindly
presented to me some years ago.

2436. Tettigoniella iocasta, sp. ii.

Vertex ochraceous with four black spots (two in oblique series
on each side near base), basal margin and inner margins of eyes
stramineous ; pronotum and scutellura very pale tawny, the first
with the anterior margin stramineous ; head beneath ochraceous,
face with a small rounded black spot at base, the lateral areas
orange-yellow ; sternum and legs stramineous ; abdomen beneath
moi'e or less orange-yellow ; tegmina and wings pale creamy-
white, subhyaline, the first with the costal margin narrowly
stramineous ; vertex somewhat large and prominent, the basal
margin ridged ; face globose, centrally smooth, laterally obscurely
striate ; scutelluin apparently with two central longitudinal
carinatious, but difficult to describe with precision, as the unique
typical specimen is badly pinned at that region.

Lengtli incl. tegm. 7 millim.

Hah. Calcutta.

B. Tegmina longkudinallij fasciate.

a. Pronotum with transverse and lateral fasciai.

.2437. Tettigoniella rubromaculata, Skpi. (Tettigonia) Aim. Soc.Ent.
Fr. 18.>J, p. GG8, t, xxi, f. 11 ; Walk. List Horn. Snppl. p. 218
(1858) ; Atkins. J. A. ,S. B. liv, p. 101 (1885).
Tettigonia cardiualis, Walk, {nee Fabr.) List Horn, iii, p. 744
(1851).

Body above deep black ; vertex red with an irregular angular
black mark, including a subquadrate black mark which proceeds
from the posterior margin ; face flat, with two black stripes which
unite on the clypeus, sides tawny ; rostrum piceous ; pronotum
black, with a transverse band and lateral bands red ; scutellum
reddish with a large angulate black spot near each basal angle ;
tegmina black, w ith pale longitudinal streaks not extended on the
apical area, three of these are sanguineous, one subcostal, one
above claval suture, and the other in claval area, between the
upper two is an ochraceous streak becoming duplex beyond
middle, all the streaks above claval suture here and there

214 jassidtE.

transversely connected ; wings fuliginous with the veins piceous ;
apex of abdomen testaceous ; sternum and legs testaceous-red ;
abdomen beneath black, with the segmental region and a central
longitudinal line testaceous-red ; vertex transverse, much shorter
than pronotum.

Length inch tegm. 12-14 millim.

Hab. Nepal? {Brit. Mus.). Sikliim {Ind. Mus.). Darjiling
{Coll. Dist.).

2438. Tettigoniella dimsiriensis, sp, n.

Head ochraceous ; vertex with two broad elongate black spots
and a small central basal black spot between them ; face with
a quadrate central spot and two sublateral fasciae united pos-
teriorly and continued on the clypeus, black ; pronotum ochraceous,
the anterior marginal area palely testaceous, the basal margin and
three central fasciae black, thus aj^parently enclosing four large
transverse ochraceous spots ; scutellum black, two central linear
spots, apical area, and lateral margins ochraceous ; abdomen
above and beneath piceous, the segmental margins paler ;.
sternum testaceous ; legs ochraceous ; tegmina piceous, the veins
testaceous, a longitudinal claval streak, another above clavus,
and a subcostal streak, sanguineous ; wings fuliginous, the veins
piceous ; face broad, moderately globose, the lateral areas trans-
versely striate ; pronotum centrally transversely wrinkled ;
scutellum profoundly impressed before apical area, the apex
thickened ; posterior tibia? thickly finely spinulose.

Length excl. tegm. 7 millim. ; exp. tegm. 19 millim.

Eah. Dunsiri Valley ( Coll. Dist).

2439. Tettigoniella pupula, K/rby (Tettig-onia), J. Lhm. Soc, Zool.
xxiv, p. 169, t. vi, f. 10 (1891) ; Melic/i. Horn. Faun. Ceylon^
p. 155 (1903).

" Head orange-red above, with a large oval black spot on the
hind border and a smaller black spot in front, just visible from
above ; pronotum red on the sides in front, a middle stripe
widening behind, and the hind border black ; scutellum with
a wide testaceous band in the middle and black on the sides ;
face and under surface of body testaceous ; a stripe on each
side of the face, the knees, and front tibiae at least, red ; tegmina
black fur two-thirds of their length and fuscous beyond, inclining
to fusco-hyaline on the edges, the inner margin is broadly
bordered with red nearly as far as the black colour extends,
and the base of the costa is also more or less red." {Kirhy.)

"Length inch tegm. 5 millim."

Hah. Ceylon; Pundaluoya {Green, Brit. Mns.).

I only know this species by the unique type in the British
Museum.

TETTIGONIELLA. 215

b. Pronotum iviih transverse fasci(e.

2440. Tettigoniella marpessa, sp. n.

Vertex ochraceous, with two black spots before anterior
margin; face with a central black spot at base, on each side
of this spot a transverse dark line reaching eyes, a sublateral
line on each side united posteriorly and continued on clypeus
fuscous-brown; pronotum ochraceous with two transverse black
fasciae, one near anterior margin straight, the other before base
and arcuate, near each lateral margin a short oblique black line ;
scutellum pale testaceous, a black spot at each basal angle, and
the lateral margins narrowly black ; body beneath and legs
stramineous ; tegmiua ochraceous, claval margins, a central
claval streak, apex, and very broad costal area black, the apical
area with paler marldngs ; face prominent, its disk flattened,
the lateral areas narrowly strongly obliquely striate ; scutellum
deflected to apical area, before which it is strongly transversely
impressed.

Length inch tegm. 5 millim.

Hob. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherfij).

c. Pronotum ivith longitudinal fascice.

2441. Tettigoniella quadrilineata, %n. (Tettio-onia) Ann.Soc.Ent.

Fr. 1853, p. 669, t. xxi, f. 12 ; Atkins. J. A. S. B. liv, p. 101

(1885).

Head, pronotum and scutellum ochraceous ; vertex with two
central black longitudinal fascife ; face with two small quadran-
gular spots at anterior margin and two larger oblong spots before
clypeus, black, marginal spots to face and the clypeus black;
pronotum with two broad central longitudinal fascias parallel
mth those on vertex and a submarginal fascia on each side
black ; scutelliun with three black spots ; sternum and legs
ochraceous, bases of tibise and apices of tarsi black ; abdomen
beneath dark ochraceous, with transverse black spots ; tegmina
red or testaceous, with narrow, interrupted, longitudinal black
lines, tegminal apices paler.

Length inch tegm. 12 millim.

Rah. Nilgiri Hills {Hampson).

d. Pronotum more or less maculate.

2442. Tettigoniella infliammata, sp. n.

Sulphur-yellow, sometimes with a testaceous tint ; vertex with
two broad oblique black fascise fused at base ; pronotum with a
central transverse series of four black spots, sometimes (as in

216

JASSII)^.

a lai'ge

the specimen figured) more or less fused ; scutellum witli

black spot at each basal angle ; tegmina with the costal margin

much widened beyond middle, a broad apical margin, and two

Fig. 138. — Tettigoniella inflammata.

longitudinal fasciae black, of the latter one is above and the
other in claval area, and neither reach the base ; lateral margins
of face and the clypeus black ; femora, apices of tibiae, large
sternal spots, and the abdomen beneath black, the latter with the
segmental margins narrowly ochraceous ; vertex robust, trans-
versely foveate between eyes ; pronotum roundly depressed
anteriorly ; scutellum with a sharp transverse incision before
apical area ; tegmina moderately smooth.

Length iucl. tegm. 12-12^ millim.

Hah. Assam ; Margherita {Doherty).

2443. Tettigoniella sulphurata, sp. n.

Tellow, of a sulphureous tint ; vertex with three black spots,
one transverse at apex and two round at base : eyes black ;
pronotum with six black spots, three near anterior and three
at posterior margin, the latter sometimes fused ; scutellum with
three large black spots, one at eacli basal angle and the other
at apex ; tegmina with the costal margin abruptly widened before
apex, two broad longitudinal fasciae, and the apical margin black,
of the two longitudinal fasciae one is central but not reaching
base, the other extends along posterior claval margin to apex ;
face with an elongate spot on each side and a spot before clypeus
black ; abdomen beneath with transverse black spots ; legs more
or less banded with black ; vertex transversely foveate ; pro-
notum centrally ridged near anterior margin, behind which

TETTIGONIELLA. 217

it is transversely impressed ; tegniina finely wrinkled and
obscurely punctate.

Length incl. tegm. 11 millim.

Hah. Burma ; Ruby Mines {Dohertii), — W. Yunnan {Anderson).

2444. Tettigoniella indiga, sp. n.

Head, pronotuni and scutellum ochraceous ; vertex with four
discal black spots ; bead beneath ochraceous, lateral margins
of face interrupted anteriorly, black ; clypeus with a central
black line ; pronotum with four discal spots and the sublateral
margins black ; scutellum with a black spot near each basal
angle ; body beneath and legs ochraceous, bases of tibisB, and
tarsi (excluding bases) black ; sternum and abdomen beneath with
transverse black spots ; tegmina ochraceous or testaceous, with
interrupted narrow black longitudinal lines, their apices black or
luteous.

Var. Pronotum and scutellum without the black spots.

Length incl. tegra. 11-12 millim.

Hah. Nilgiri Hills {Hampson).

2445. Tettigoniella sandaracata, sp. n.

Vertex of head sanguineous, a looped, central, submarginal line
on each side of apex, a triangular spot at base and the areas of
the ocelli, piceous ; pronotum fuscous-brown, with a transverse
series of four red spots, the marginal spots notched ; scutellum
fuscous-brown, with four small basal marginal spots and the apex
red ; tegmina very pale fuscous, the claval ai'ea dark fuscous-
brown, a costal fascia, an inner claval marginal fascia, and some
spots before apical area red, extreme costal and claval margins
black ; wings dark fuliginous or piceous ; head, body beneath and
legs fuscous-brown ; a central longitudinal fascia to face and the
anterior and intermediate legs (more or less) red, a central black
spot to face on its anterior margin.

Var, a. Abdomen beneath red.

Var, h. Tegmina above clavus (excepting base and apex) red.

Length incl. tegm, 9^-10 millim.

Hah. J^ilgiri Hills (Hampson). Burma ; Euby Mines {Doherty).

2446. Tettigoniella sikliimensis, sp. u.

Vertex of head black, with three large red spots, the central
spot bifid posteriorly, the other spots at inner margins of eyes ;
pronotum black with a transverse series of four large red spots,
the two lateral spots notched anteriorly ; scutellum red with two
triangular black spots at base ; tegmina black, the discal veins
yellow, and with three longitudinal red fascia), one subcostal,
another above clavus, and the third in clavus, the two upper
fasciae do not extend into the apical area ; head beneath red,

218

JASSIBjE.

margins of face black ; body beneath and legs brownish-ochraceous,
anterior and intermediate femora and tibiae testaceons ; vertex
moderately narrowed anteriorly, but the lateral margins at base
not on a line with the outer margins of eyes.

Length inch tegni. 12 millim.

Hah. tSikhim (Atkinson Coll., Brit. Mus.).

2447. Tettigoniella habilis, sp. n.

Vertex of head and pronottim testaceous ; vertex with two
spots on apical margin and a central bifid spot near base black ;
pronotum with a narrow central transverse anterior marginal spot
and the basal margin before scutellum black ; scutellum black ;
tegmina testaceous, their apices fuliginous, with the costal and
claval margins black, the costal margin more broadly black from
about one-third from base ; wings piceous ; body beneath and
legs reddish-ochraceoiis ; a black spot near each anterior coxa ;
disks of the abdominal segments somewhat greyish ; vertex
robust, a distinct bnsal ridge between and behind the ocelli ;
tegmina almost smooth.

Length inch tegm. 12 millim.

Hah. Nilgiri Hills {Hampson).

2448. Tettigoniella iniltata, Melich. (Tettigonia) Horn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 155 (1903).

Head, pronotum and scutellum pale ochraceous ; vertex with

Fig. 139. — Tettigoniella mutata.

three black linear transverse spots at anterior margin, and a laro-e
central basal piceous spot, on each side of which is a short
sanguineous line ; pronotum with a broad central longitudinal

TETTIGOHIELLA. 219

triangular piceous fascia, the anterior margin speclded witli
the same colour, on each side of the base of the central fascia
is an oblique bluish spot ; scutellum witli two black spots at
base ; body beneath and legs stramineous ; face with an anterior
spot and a curved black line before each eye ; tegmina sub-
hyaline, claval area with an interior submarginal dark line, an
infuscate posterior and anterior fascia, and a minute piceous spot
at its apex ; apices of the tarsi piceous.

Length inch tegm. cJ & $ 54-6 millim.

Hah. Ceylon ; Peradeniya, J^fura-Eliya, Weligama, Kanthaley^
Pattipola {Mt